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Sox Nox Rox Boxtrademark Flue Gas Clean Up Demonstration Final Report
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Book Synopsis SOx-NOx-Rox Box[trademark] Flue Gas Clean-up Demonstration. Final Report by :
Download or read book SOx-NOx-Rox Box[trademark] Flue Gas Clean-up Demonstration. Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Babcock and Wilcox's (B and W) SOx-NOx-Rox Box[trademark] process effectively removes SOx, NOx and particulate (Rox) from flue gas generated from coal-fired boilers in a single unit operation, a high temperature baghouse. The SNRB technology utilizes dry sorbent injection upstream of the baghouse for removal of SOx and ammonia injection upstream of a zeolitic selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst incorporated in the baghouse to reduce NOx emissions. Because the SOx and NOx removal processes require operation at elevated gas temperatures (800--900 F) for high removal efficiency, high-temperature fabric filter bags are used in the baghouse. The SNRB technology evolved from the bench and laboratory pilot scale to be successfully demonstrated at the 5-MWe field scale. This report represents the completion of Milestone M14 as specified in the Work Plan. B and W tested the SNRB pollution control system at a 5-MWe demonstration facility at Ohio Edison's R.E. Burger Plant located near Shadyside, Ohio. The design and operation were influenced by the results from laboratory pilot testing at B and W's Alliance Research Center. The intent was to demonstrate the commercial feasibility of the SNRB process. The SNRB facility treated a 30,000 ACFM flue gas slipstream from Boiler No. 8. Operation of the facility began in May 1992 and was completed in May 1993. About 2,300 hours of high-temperature operation were achieved. The main emissions control performance goals of: greater than 70% SO[sub 2] removal using a calcium-based sorbent; greater than 90% NOx removal with minimal ammonia slip; and particulate emissions in compliance with the New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) of 0.03 lb/million Btu were exceeded simultaneously in the demonstration program when the facility was operated at optimal conditions. Testing also showed significant reductions in emissions of some hazardous air pollutants.
Book Synopsis SOx-NOx-Rox Box Flue Gas Cleanup Demonstration by :
Download or read book SOx-NOx-Rox Box Flue Gas Cleanup Demonstration written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SNRB{trademark} test program demonstrated the feasibility of controlling multiple emissions from a coal-fired boiler in a single processing unit. The degree of emissions removals for SO2, NO(subscript x), and particulates all exceeded the project goals. A high degree of removal for HAPs was also achieved. The SNRB system offers low space requirements, control of multiple pollutants, and operating flexibility. The pneumatic SO2 sorbent and ammonia injection systems are expected to have high reliability because of their mechanical simplicity. Despite these advantages, the SNRB process may not be an economic choice for applications involving SO2 removals above about 85%. For lower levels of SO2 removal, the projected economics for SNRB appear to be more favorable than those of existing processes which involve separate units for the same degree of control for SO2, NO(subscript x), and particulates. Specific findings are summarized as follows: (1) SO2 removal of 85-90% was achieved at a calcium utilization of 40-45%, representing a significant improvement in performance over other dry lime injection processes. (2) When firing 3-4% sulfur coal, compliance with the 1990 CAAA Phase I SO2 emissions limit of 2.5 lb/106 Btu was achieved with a Ca/S molar ratio of less than 1.0. For the Phase II SO2 emissions limit of 1.2 lb/106 Btu, compliance was achieved with a Ca/S molar ratio as low as 1.5. Phase II compliance is the more relevant emissions limit. (3) When using NaHCO3 as the sorbent, the Phase II SO2 emissions limit was achieved at a Na2/S molar ratio of less than 2.0 (NSR
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proof-of Concept Testing of the Advanced NOXSO Flue Gas Cleanup Process. Final Report by :
Download or read book Proof-of Concept Testing of the Advanced NOXSO Flue Gas Cleanup Process. Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO Process uses a regenerable sorbent that removes SO[sub 2] and NO[sub x] simultaneously from flue gas. The sorbent is a stabilized [gamma]-alumina bed impregnated with sodium carbonate. The process was successfully tested at three different scales, equivalent to 0.017, 0.06 and 0.75 MW of flue gas generated from a coal-fired power plant. The Proof-of-Concept (POC) Test is the last test prior to a full-scale demonstration. A slip stream of flue gas equivalent to a 5 MW coal-fired power plant was used for the POC test. This paper summarizes the NOXSO POC plant and its test results.
Book Synopsis Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 4, December 1, 1991--February 29, 1992 by :
Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 4, December 1, 1991--February 29, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO Process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to elemental sulfur and the NOx is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO Process at Ohio Edisons̀ Niles Plant Unit {number_sign}1. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. Ohio Edisons̀ Niles Plant Unit {number_sign}1 generates 115 MW of electricity and 275,000 scfm of flue gas while burning 3.5% sulfur coal. The project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. This phase was included in the project to allow completion of process studies and preliminary activities which could be conducted in parallel with NOXSOs̀ pilot plant project being conducted at Ohio Edisons̀ Toronto Power Plant.
Book Synopsis Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 10, June 1--August 31, 1993 by :
Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 10, June 1--August 31, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to sulfur by-product (elemental sulfur, sulfuric acid, or liquid SO2) and the NOx is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO process at Ohio Edisons̀ Niles Plant Unit {number_sign}1. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. The project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. Data obtained during pilot plant testing which was completed on July 30, 1993 is being incorporated in the design of the commercial size plant. A suitable host site to demonstrate the NOXSO process on a commercial scale is presently being sought.
Book Synopsis An Experimental Study of NO(subscript X) Recycle in the NOXSO Flue Gas Cleanup Process. Final Report by :
Download or read book An Experimental Study of NO(subscript X) Recycle in the NOXSO Flue Gas Cleanup Process. Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NO(subscript x) recycle represents one part of the NOXSO process. This process can remove 90% of NO(subscript x) and SO2 simultaneously from flue gas by using a fluidized bed of sorbent. Spent sorbent is regenerated by treatment at high temperatures with a reducing gas. Adsorbed NO(subscript x) is evolved on heating the sorbent to a regeneration temperature. The concentrated stream of NO(subscript x) produced is returned to the boiler with the combustion air and reduced in the flame, which is called NO(subscript x) recycle. The concept of NO(subscript x) recycle has been experimentally evaluated at the US Department of Energy's Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center (PETC). NO(subscript x) destruction has been demonstrated on a 500 lb/hr pulverized coal combustor and a 1.7 MMBtu/hr tunnel furnace combustor firing both natural gas and coal-water slurry. The NO(subscript x) recycle experimental study discussed in this report and performed on Babcock & Wilcox (B & W)'s six MMBtu/hr Small Boiler Simulator (SBS) is a pilot-scale test. The objective is to provide further fundamental understanding and necessary information for the NOXSO full-scale demonstration at Ohio Edison's Niles Power Plant which uses the same type of cyclone burners. The experimental testing included injection of NO, NO(subscript x) and different combinations of NO/NO2 with tile primary air (PA) and secondary air (SA) to the combustor. Results are consistent with earlier test data obtained on PETC's facility and will be used for the design of the NOXSO commercial demonstration plant at Niles.
Book Synopsis Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 9, March 1--May 31, 1993 by :
Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 9, March 1--May 31, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to elemental sulfur and the NOx is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO process at Ohio Edisons̀ Niles Plant Unit {number_sign}1. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. Ohio Edisons̀ Niles Plant Unit {number_sign}1 generates 115 MW of electricity and 275,000 scfm of flue gas while burning 3.5% sulfur coal. The project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. This phase was included in the project to allow completion of process studies and preliminary activities which could be conducted in parallel with NOXSOs̀ pilot plant project being conducted at Ohio Edisons̀ Toronto Power Plant.
Book Synopsis Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 3, September 1--November 30, 1991 by :
Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 3, September 1--November 30, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO Process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to elemental sulfur and the NOx is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO Process at Ohio Edisons̀ Niles Plant Unit 1. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. Ohio Edisons̀ Niles Plant Unit 1 generates 115 MW of electricity and 275,000 scfm of flue gas while burning 3.5% sulfur coal.
Book Synopsis Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 5, March 1--May 31, 1992 by :
Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 5, March 1--May 31, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO Process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to elemental sulfur and the NOx is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. This project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. This phase was included in the project to allow completion of process studies and preliminary activities which could be conducted in parallel with NOXSOs̀ pilot plant project being conducted at Ohio Edisons̀ Toronto Power Plant.
Book Synopsis Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 11, September 1--November 30, 1993 by :
Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 11, September 1--November 30, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO3 from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to sulfur by-product and the NO3 is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO process. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. The project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. Data obtained during pilot plant testing which was completed on July 30, 1993 is being incorporated in the design of the commercial size plant. A suitable host site to demonstrate the NOXSO process on a commercial scale is presently being sought. Preliminary engineering studies provided information to decide on the basic plant arrangement. A scaled up POC design was selected as the general arrangement of choice based on a cost versus technical risk assessment. The first step in developing an adsorber computer simulation was completed. Several processes for producing liquid SO2 from the regenerator offgas were developed and evaluated. It was concluded that the Claus and burn process which involves making elemental sulfur as an intermediate product was the best choice. The NOXSO process computer simulation was updated to include semi-plug solids flow through the fluidized beds of the sorbent heater and cooler. Heat loss calculations were also added.
Book Synopsis Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 12, December 1, 1993--February 28, 1994 by :
Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 12, December 1, 1993--February 28, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO3 from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to sulfur by-product and the NO3 is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO process. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. The project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. Data obtained during pilot plant testing which was completed on July 30, 1993 is being incorporated in the design of the commercial size plant. A suitable host site to demonstrate the NOXSO process on a commercial scale is presently being sought. The plant general arrangement has been revised to incorporate principles used in the design of fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) plants. A NOXSO plant availability analysis was prepared using operating experience from the recently completed pilot plant as a basis. The impact of water desorption in the sorbent heater and water adsorption in the sorbent cooler has been quantified and incorporated into the NOXSO process simulator. NOXSO process economics has been updated based on the present design. Capital cost for a 500 MW plant designed to remove 98% of the SO2 and 85% of the NO3 is estimated at $247/kW.
Book Synopsis Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO[sub 2]/NO[sub X] Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, No. 14, June 1, 1994--August 31, 1994 by :
Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO[sub 2]/NO[sub X] Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, No. 14, June 1, 1994--August 31, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project (NDP), with cost-shared funding support from DOE, is to design, construct, and operate a commercial-scale flue gas cleanup system utilizing the NOXSO process. The NDP consists of the NOXSO plant and sulfur recovery unit, designed to remove SO[sub 2] and NO[sub x] from flue gas and produce elemental sulfur by-product, and the liquid SO[sub 2] plant and air separation unit, designed to process the elemental sulfur into liquid SO[sub 2]. The NOXSO plant and sulfur recovery unit will be constructed at ALCOA Generating Corporation's (AGC) Warrick Power Plant near Evansville, Indiana, and will treat all of the flue gas from the 150-MW Unit 2 boiler. The elemental sulfur produced will be shipped to the Olin Charleston Plant in Charleston, Tennessee, for conversion into liquid SO[sub 2].
Book Synopsis Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Environmental Information Volume by :
Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Environmental Information Volume written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Clean Coal Technology (CCT) Demonstration Program is a $5 billion technology demonstration program that was legislated by Congress to be funded jointly by the federal government and industrial or other sector participants. The goal of the Program is to make available to the U.S. energy marketplace a number of advanced, more efficient, reliable, and environmentally responsive coal utilization and environmental control technologies. These technologies are intended to reduce or eliminate the economic and environmental impediments that limit the full consideration of coal as a future energy resource. Over the next decade, the Program will advance the technical, environmental and economic performance of these advanced technologies to the point where the private sector will be able to introduce them into the commercial marketplace. Each of these demonstrations is in a scale large enough to generate sufficient design, construction and operation data for the private sector to judge the technologys̀ commercial potential and to make informed confident decisions on its commercial readiness. The strategy being implemented to achieve the goal of the CCT Demonstration Program is to conduct a multi-phase effort consisting of at least five separate solicitations for projects, each with individual objectives that, when integrated, will make technology options available on a schedule consistent with the demands of the energy market and responsive to the relevant environmental considerations. This paper describes a commercial demonstration project to be fielded in support of this program.
Book Synopsis Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 13, March 1, 1994--May 31, 1994 by :
Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 13, March 1, 1994--May 31, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO3 from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is converted to a sulfur by-product and the NO3 is converted to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO process. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. The project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. Data obtained during pilot plant testing which was completed on July 30, 1993 is being incorporated in the design of the commercial size plant. A suitable host site to demonstrate the NOXSO process on a commercial scale is presently being sought. Preliminary engineering activities involved evaluating various design options for the major process vessels with the principal focus being on the sorbent heater vessel, which is operated at the highest temperature. Additionally, the impact of the NOXSO system on power plant particulate emissions and opacity was estimated. It is predicted that particulate emissions will decrease slightly while opacity will increase slightly. Neither change will be significant enough to have an impact on emissions compliance. Advertised performance of the proposed adsorber separator is being verified by laboratory testing. Process studies activities included POC equipment inspection and materials evaluations.
Book Synopsis Patent and Trademark Office Notices by : United States. Patent and Trademark Office
Download or read book Patent and Trademark Office Notices written by United States. Patent and Trademark Office and published by . This book was released on 1994-06-07 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Graphic Design as Communication by : Malcolm Barnard
Download or read book Graphic Design as Communication written by Malcolm Barnard and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the point of graphic design? Is it advertising or is it art? What purpose does it serve in our society and culture? Malcolm Barnard explores how meaning and identity are at the core of every graphic design project and argues that the role and function of graphic design is, and always has been, communication. Drawing on a range of theoretical approaches including those of Derrida, Saussure, Foucault, and Barthes, and taking examples from advertising, magazines, illustration, website design, comics, greetings cards and packaging, Graphic Design as Communication looks at how graphic design contributes to the formation of social and cultural identities. Malcolm Barnard discusses the ways in which racial/ethnic groups, age groups and gender groups are represented in graphic design, as well as how images and texts communicate with different cultural groups. He also explores how graphic design relates to both European and American modernism, and its relevance to postmodernism and globalisation in the twenty-first century and asks why, when graphic design is such an integral part of our society and culture, it is not acknowledged and understood in the same way that art is.
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