Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Solving The Pell Equation
Download Solving The Pell Equation full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Solving The Pell Equation ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Solving the Pell Equation by : Michael Jacobson
Download or read book Solving the Pell Equation written by Michael Jacobson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-02 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pell’s Equation is a very simple Diophantine equation that has been known to mathematicians for over 2000 years. Even today research involving this equation continues to be very active, as can be seen by the publication of at least 150 articles related to this equation over the past decade. However, very few modern books have been published on Pell’s Equation, and this will be the first to give a historical development of the equation, as well as to develop the necessary tools for solving the equation. The authors provide a friendly introduction for advanced undergraduates to the delights of algebraic number theory via Pell’s Equation. The only prerequisites are a basic knowledge of elementary number theory and abstract algebra. There are also numerous references and notes for those who wish to follow up on various topics.
Book Synopsis Solving the Pell Equation by : Michael Jacobson
Download or read book Solving the Pell Equation written by Michael Jacobson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-04 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pell’s Equation is a very simple Diophantine equation that has been known to mathematicians for over 2000 years. Even today research involving this equation continues to be very active, as can be seen by the publication of at least 150 articles related to this equation over the past decade. However, very few modern books have been published on Pell’s Equation, and this will be the first to give a historical development of the equation, as well as to develop the necessary tools for solving the equation. The authors provide a friendly introduction for advanced undergraduates to the delights of algebraic number theory via Pell’s Equation. The only prerequisites are a basic knowledge of elementary number theory and abstract algebra. There are also numerous references and notes for those who wish to follow up on various topics.
Book Synopsis Pell’s Equation by : Edward J. Barbeau
Download or read book Pell’s Equation written by Edward J. Barbeau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-04 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pell's equation is part of a central area of algebraic number theory that treats quadratic forms and the structure of the rings of integers in algebraic number fields. It is an ideal topic to lead college students, as well as some talented and motivated high school students, to a better appreciation of the power of mathematical technique. Even at the specific level of quadratic diophantine equations, there are unsolved problems, and the higher degree analogues of Pell's equation, particularly beyond the third, do not appear to have been well studied. In this focused exercise book, the topic is motivated and developed through sections of exercises which will allow the readers to recreate known theory and provide a focus for their algebraic practice. There are several explorations that encourage the reader to embark on their own research. A high school background in mathematics is all that is needed to get into this book, and teachers and others interested in mathematics who do not have (or have forgotten) a background in advanced mathematics may find that it is a suitable vehicle for keeping up an independent interest in the subject.
Book Synopsis The Pell Equation by : Edward Everett Whitford
Download or read book The Pell Equation written by Edward Everett Whitford and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Diophantine Equations by : Titu Andreescu
Download or read book An Introduction to Diophantine Equations written by Titu Andreescu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-02 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This problem-solving book is an introduction to the study of Diophantine equations, a class of equations in which only integer solutions are allowed. The presentation features some classical Diophantine equations, including linear, Pythagorean, and some higher degree equations, as well as exponential Diophantine equations. Many of the selected exercises and problems are original or are presented with original solutions. An Introduction to Diophantine Equations: A Problem-Based Approach is intended for undergraduates, advanced high school students and teachers, mathematical contest participants — including Olympiad and Putnam competitors — as well as readers interested in essential mathematics. The work uniquely presents unconventional and non-routine examples, ideas, and techniques.
Book Synopsis Pell and Pell–Lucas Numbers with Applications by : Thomas Koshy
Download or read book Pell and Pell–Lucas Numbers with Applications written by Thomas Koshy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-11 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pell and Pell–Lucas numbers, like the well-known Fibonacci and Catalan numbers, continue to intrigue the mathematical world with their beauty and applicability. They offer opportunities for experimentation, exploration, conjecture, and problem-solving techniques, connecting the fields of analysis, geometry, trigonometry, and various areas of discrete mathematics, number theory, graph theory, linear algebra, and combinatorics. Pell and Pell–Lucas numbers belong to an extended Fibonacci family as a powerful tool for extracting numerous interesting properties of a vast array of number sequences. A key feature of this work is the historical flavor that is interwoven into the extensive and in-depth coverage of the subject. An interesting array of applications to combinatorics, graph theory, geometry, and intriguing mathematical puzzles is another highlight engaging the reader. The exposition is user-friendly, yet rigorous, so that a broad audience consisting of students, math teachers and instructors, computer scientists and other professionals, along with the mathematically curious will all benefit from this book. Finally, Pell and Pell–Lucas Numbers provides enjoyment and excitement while sharpening the reader’s mathematical skills involving pattern recognition, proof-and-problem-solving techniques.
Book Synopsis Quadratic Number Fields by : Franz Lemmermeyer
Download or read book Quadratic Number Fields written by Franz Lemmermeyer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-18 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This undergraduate textbook provides an elegant introduction to the arithmetic of quadratic number fields, including many topics not usually covered in books at this level. Quadratic fields offer an introduction to algebraic number theory and some of its central objects: rings of integers, the unit group, ideals and the ideal class group. This textbook provides solid grounding for further study by placing the subject within the greater context of modern algebraic number theory. Going beyond what is usually covered at this level, the book introduces the notion of modularity in the context of quadratic reciprocity, explores the close links between number theory and geometry via Pell conics, and presents applications to Diophantine equations such as the Fermat and Catalan equations as well as elliptic curves. Throughout, the book contains extensive historical comments, numerous exercises (with solutions), and pointers to further study. Assuming a moderate background in elementary number theory and abstract algebra, Quadratic Number Fields offers an engaging first course in algebraic number theory, suitable for upper undergraduate students.
Book Synopsis Quadratic Diophantine Equations by : Titu Andreescu
Download or read book Quadratic Diophantine Equations written by Titu Andreescu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-29 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text treats the classical theory of quadratic diophantine equations and guides the reader through the last two decades of computational techniques and progress in the area. The presentation features two basic methods to investigate and motivate the study of quadratic diophantine equations: the theories of continued fractions and quadratic fields. It also discusses Pell’s equation and its generalizations, and presents some important quadratic diophantine equations and applications. The inclusion of examples makes this book useful for both research and classroom settings.
Book Synopsis Cubic Fields with Geometry by : Samuel A. Hambleton
Download or read book Cubic Fields with Geometry written by Samuel A. Hambleton and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-07 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this book is to provide tools for solving problems which involve cubic number fields. Many such problems can be considered geometrically; both in terms of the geometry of numbers and geometry of the associated cubic Diophantine equations that are similar in many ways to the Pell equation. With over 50 geometric diagrams, this book includes illustrations of many of these topics. The book may be thought of as a companion reference for those students of algebraic number theory who wish to find more examples, a collection of recent research results on cubic fields, an easy-to-understand source for learning about Voronoi’s unit algorithm and several classical results which are still relevant to the field, and a book which helps bridge a gap in understanding connections between algebraic geometry and number theory. The exposition includes numerous discussions on calculating with cubic fields including simple continued fractions of cubic irrational numbers, arithmetic using integer matrices, ideal class group computations, lattices over cubic fields, construction of cubic fields with a given discriminant, the search for elements of norm 1 of a cubic field with rational parametrization, and Voronoi's algorithm for finding a system of fundamental units. Throughout, the discussions are framed in terms of a binary cubic form that may be used to describe a given cubic field. This unifies the chapters of this book despite the diversity of their number theoretic topics.
Download or read book Pell’s Equation written by Edward Barbeau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-01-14 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pell's equation is part of a central area of algebraic number theory that treats quadratic forms and the structure of the rings of integers in algebraic number fields. It is an ideal topic to lead college students, as well as some talented and motivated high school students, to a better appreciation of the power of mathematical technique. Even at the specific level of quadratic diophantine equations, there are unsolved problems, and the higher degree analogues of Pell's equation, particularly beyond the third, do not appear to have been well studied. In this focused exercise book, the topic is motivated and developed through sections of exercises which will allow the readers to recreate known theory and provide a focus for their algebraic practice. There are several explorations that encourage the reader to embark on their own research. A high school background in mathematics is all that is needed to get into this book, and teachers and others interested in mathematics who do not have (or have forgotten) a background in advanced mathematics may find that it is a suitable vehicle for keeping up an independent interest in the subject.
Book Synopsis Elliptic Diophantine Equations by : Nikos Tzanakis
Download or read book Elliptic Diophantine Equations written by Nikos Tzanakis and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-08-29 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents in a unified and concrete way the beautiful and deep mathematics - both theoretical and computational - on which the explicit solution of an elliptic Diophantine equation is based. It collects numerous results and methods that are scattered in the literature. Some results are hidden behind a number of routines in software packages, like Magma and Maple; professional mathematicians very often use these routines just as a black-box, having little idea about the mathematical treasure behind them. Almost 20 years have passed since the first publications on the explicit solution of elliptic Diophantine equations with the use of elliptic logarithms. The "art" of solving this type of equation has now reached its full maturity. The author is one of the main persons that contributed to the development of this art. The monograph presents a well-balanced combination of a variety of theoretical tools (from Diophantine geometry, algebraic number theory, theory of linear forms in logarithms of various forms - real/complex and p-adic elliptic - and classical complex analysis), clever computational methods and techniques (LLL algorithm and de Weger's reduction technique, AGM algorithm, Zagier's technique for computing elliptic integrals), ready-to-use computer packages. A result is the solution in practice of a large general class of Diophantine equations.
Book Synopsis The Mathematics of India by : P. P. Divakaran
Download or read book The Mathematics of India written by P. P. Divakaran and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-19 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book identifies three of the exceptionally fruitful periods of the millennia-long history of the mathematical tradition of India: the very beginning of that tradition in the construction of the now-universal system of decimal numeration and of a framework for planar geometry; a classical period inaugurated by Aryabhata’s invention of trigonometry and his enunciation of the principles of discrete calculus as applied to trigonometric functions; and a final phase that produced, in the work of Madhava, a rigorous infinitesimal calculus of such functions. The main highlight of this book is a detailed examination of these critical phases and their interconnectedness, primarily in mathematical terms but also in relation to their intellectual, cultural and historical contexts. Recent decades have seen a renewal of interest in this history, as manifested in the publication of an increasing number of critical editions and translations of texts, as well as in an informed analytic interpretation of their content by the scholarly community. The result has been the emergence of a more accurate and balanced view of the subject, and the book has attempted to take an account of these nascent insights. As part of an endeavour to promote the new awareness, a special attention has been given to the presentation of proofs of all significant propositions in modern terminology and notation, either directly transcribed from the original texts or by collecting together material from several texts.
Book Synopsis Methods of Solving Number Theory Problems by : Ellina Grigorieva
Download or read book Methods of Solving Number Theory Problems written by Ellina Grigorieva and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2018-07-06 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through its engaging and unusual problems, this book demonstrates methods of reasoning necessary for learning number theory. Every technique is followed by problems (as well as detailed hints and solutions) that apply theorems immediately, so readers can solve a variety of abstract problems in a systematic, creative manner. New solutions often require the ingenious use of earlier mathematical concepts - not the memorization of formulas and facts. Questions also often permit experimental numeric validation or visual interpretation to encourage the combined use of deductive and intuitive thinking. The first chapter starts with simple topics like even and odd numbers, divisibility, and prime numbers and helps the reader to solve quite complex, Olympiad-type problems right away. It also covers properties of the perfect, amicable, and figurate numbers and introduces congruence. The next chapter begins with the Euclidean algorithm, explores the representations of integer numbers in different bases, and examines continued fractions, quadratic irrationalities, and the Lagrange Theorem. The last section of Chapter Two is an exploration of different methods of proofs. The third chapter is dedicated to solving Diophantine linear and nonlinear equations and includes different methods of solving Fermat’s (Pell’s) equations. It also covers Fermat’s factorization techniques and methods of solving challenging problems involving exponent and factorials. Chapter Four reviews the Pythagorean triple and quadruple and emphasizes their connection with geometry, trigonometry, algebraic geometry, and stereographic projection. A special case of Waring’s problem as a representation of a number by the sum of the squares or cubes of other numbers is covered, as well as quadratic residuals, Legendre and Jacobi symbols, and interesting word problems related to the properties of numbers. Appendices provide a historic overview of number theory and its main developments from the ancient cultures in Greece, Babylon, and Egypt to the modern day. Drawing from cases collected by an accomplished female mathematician, Methods in Solving Number Theory Problems is designed as a self-study guide or supplementary textbook for a one-semester course in introductory number theory. It can also be used to prepare for mathematical Olympiads. Elementary algebra, arithmetic and some calculus knowledge are the only prerequisites. Number theory gives precise proofs and theorems of an irreproachable rigor and sharpens analytical thinking, which makes this book perfect for anyone looking to build their mathematical confidence.
Book Synopsis Mathematics and Its History by : John Stillwell
Download or read book Mathematics and Its History written by John Stillwell and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-07 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides a unified and concise exploration of undergraduate mathematics by approaching the subject through its history. Readers will discover the rich tapestry of ideas behind familiar topics from the undergraduate curriculum, such as calculus, algebra, topology, and more. Featuring historical episodes ranging from the Ancient Greeks to Fermat and Descartes, this volume offers a glimpse into the broader context in which these ideas developed, revealing unexpected connections that make this ideal for a senior capstone course. The presentation of previous versions has been refined by omitting the less mainstream topics and inserting new connecting material, allowing instructors to cover the book in a one-semester course. This condensed edition prioritizes succinctness and cohesiveness, and there is a greater emphasis on visual clarity, featuring full color images and high quality 3D models. As in previous editions, a wide array of mathematical topics are covered, from geometry to computation; however, biographical sketches have been omitted. Mathematics and Its History: A Concise Edition is an essential resource for courses or reading programs on the history of mathematics. Knowledge of basic calculus, algebra, geometry, topology, and set theory is assumed. From reviews of previous editions: “Mathematics and Its History is a joy to read. The writing is clear, concise and inviting. The style is very different from a traditional text. I found myself picking it up to read at the expense of my usual late evening thriller or detective novel.... The author has done a wonderful job of tying together the dominant themes of undergraduate mathematics.” Richard J. Wilders, MAA, on the Third Edition "The book...is presented in a lively style without unnecessary detail. It is very stimulating and will be appreciated not only by students. Much attention is paid to problems and to the development of mathematics before the end of the nineteenth century.... This book brings to the non-specialist interested in mathematics many interesting results. It can be recommended for seminars and will be enjoyed by the broad mathematical community." European Mathematical Society, on the Second Edition
Book Synopsis Problem-Solving Strategies by : Arthur Engel
Download or read book Problem-Solving Strategies written by Arthur Engel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-19 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique collection of competition problems from over twenty major national and international mathematical competitions for high school students. Written for trainers and participants of contests of all levels up to the highest level, this will appeal to high school teachers conducting a mathematics club who need a range of simple to complex problems and to those instructors wishing to pose a "problem of the week", thus bringing a creative atmosphere into the classrooms. Equally, this is a must-have for individuals interested in solving difficult and challenging problems. Each chapter starts with typical examples illustrating the central concepts and is followed by a number of carefully selected problems and their solutions. Most of the solutions are complete, but some merely point to the road leading to the final solution. In addition to being a valuable resource of mathematical problems and solution strategies, this is the most complete training book on the market.
Book Synopsis Primes of the Form x2 + ny2 by : David A. Cox
Download or read book Primes of the Form x2 + ny2 written by David A. Cox and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-24 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern number theory began with the work of Euler and Gauss to understand and extend the many unsolved questions left behind by Fermat. In the course of their investigations, they uncovered new phenomena in need of explanation, which over time led to the discovery of field theory and its intimate connection with complex multiplication. While most texts concentrate on only the elementary or advanced aspects of this story, Primes of the Form x2 + ny2 begins with Fermat and explains how his work ultimately gave birth to quadratic reciprocity and the genus theory of quadratic forms. Further, the book shows how the results of Euler and Gauss can be fully understood only in the context of class field theory. Finally, in order to bring class field theory down to earth, the book explores some of the magnificent formulas of complex multiplication. The central theme of the book is the story of which primes p can be expressed in the form x2 + ny2. An incomplete answer is given using quadratic forms. A better though abstract answer comes from class field theory, and finally, a concrete answer is provided by complex multiplication. Along the way, the reader is introduced to some wonderful number theory. Numerous exercises and examples are included. The book is written to be enjoyed by readers with modest mathematical backgrounds. Chapter 1 uses basic number theory and abstract algebra, while chapters 2 and 3 require Galois theory and complex analysis, respectively.
Book Synopsis Essential Linear Algebra with Applications by : Titu Andreescu
Download or read book Essential Linear Algebra with Applications written by Titu Andreescu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-14 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rooted in a pedagogically successful problem-solving approach to linear algebra, the present work fills a gap in the literature that is sharply divided between elementary texts and books that are too advanced to appeal to a wide audience. It clearly develops the theoretical foundations of vector spaces, linear equations, matrix algebra, eigenvectors, and orthogonality, while simultaneously emphasizing applications and connections to fields such as biology, economics, computer graphics, electrical engineering, cryptography, and political science. Ideal as an introduction to linear algebra, the extensive exercises and well-chosen applications also make this text suitable for advanced courses at the junior or senior undergraduate level. Furthermore, it can serve as a colorful supplementary problem book, reference, or self-study manual for professional scientists and mathematicians. Complete with bibliography and index, "Essential Linear Algebra with Applications" is a natural bridge between pure and applied mathematics and the natural and social sciences, appropriate for any student or researcher who needs a strong footing in the theory, problem-solving, and model-building that are the subject’s hallmark.
