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Author : E. Bilgen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (354 download)
Download or read book Solar Hydrogen Production Using the General Atomic Sulfur-iodine Thermochemical Process written by E. Bilgen and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrogen Production by the GA Sulfur-iodine Process written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A summary of the progress of the overall total development effort of the General Atomic (GA) sulfur-iodine thermochemical water-splitting cycle over the last two years is reported. The major accomplishments have been the following: (1) Significant improvements in the chemistry of the process. (2) Development, review, and revision of an engineering flowsheet, resulting in a thermal process efficiency of 47%. (3) Screening, identification, and testing of potential materials-of-construction for the corrosive process fluids. (4) Small-scale demonstration of the cycle in a closed loop under recycle conditions. (5) Installation of bench-scale equipment and demonstration of parts of the process in this system. (6) Development of a conceptual, preliminary flowsheet for the GA sulfur-iodine cycle driven by solar energy. The results of the work carried out during the last two years have demonstrated that thermochemical water splitting by the sulfur-iodine cycle is a feasible process and have provided confidence that thermal efficiencies in the range of 50% are achievable.
Download or read book Sulfur Iodine Process Summary for the Hydrogen Technology Down-Selection written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes the sulfur-iodine (SI) thermochemical water splitting process for the purpose of supporting the process for evaluating and recommending a hydrogen production technology to deploy with the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP). This package provides the baseline process description as well as a comparison with the process as it was implemented in the Integrated Lab Scale (ILS) experiment conducted at General Atomics from 2006-2009.
Author : Tokio Ohta
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483188426
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)
Download or read book Solar-Hydrogen Energy Systems written by Tokio Ohta and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar-Hydrogen Energy Systems is a collection of papers that discusses the advancements in the research of alternative energy technologies that utilizes solar-hydrogen energy systems. The text first introduces the concept of solar-hydrogen energy system, and then proceeds to covering the technical topics in the subsequent chapters. The next chapters talks about the thermodynamics of water-splitting and water electrolysis. Next, the selection details direct thermal decomposition of water. The selection also discusses different processes to produce hydrogen, such as thermochemical, photochemical, and biochemical. The ninth chapter talks about solar energy storage by metal hydride, and the last chapter deals with direct solar energy conversion at sea. The book will be of great interest to scientists, engineers, and technicians involved in the research, development, and implementation of alternative energy technology.
Download or read book Status Report on Sulfur Iodine Thermochemical Water-splitting Cycle written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Major process improvements which had been identified in an earlier phase of this program were investigated and their feasibility demonstrated. The engineering process flowsheet was revised to incorporate the newest process improvements. It is now being used for an estimate of hydrogen production cost from the General Atomic Company (GAC) cycle. An energy storage cycle for a solar adaptation of the sulfur-iodine cycle has been identified and is being evaluated along with features particularly concerning the availability and level of insolation and how it affects engineering design of the chemical plant. Efforts are also underway with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to design the sulfur-iodine cycle around the Tandem Mirror Fusion Reactor. Potential systems for HI purification are being investigated which could eliminate the need for the present phosphoric acid treatment completely and could result in significant savings in capital cost for this part of the process. Potential catalysts for the liquid HI decomposition step were evaluated. Noble metals appear to have highest activity; however, attrition of the catalyst occurs.
Author : Shek Hoo Luk
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (83 download)
Download or read book A Second Law Analysis of the General Atomic Sulfur-iodine Cycle for Hydrogen Production written by Shek Hoo Luk and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Howard Brian James Stone
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)
Download or read book Thermochemical Hydrogen Production from the Sulphur-iodine Cycle Powered by Solar Or Nuclear Sources written by Howard Brian James Stone and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Configuring the Thermochemical Hydrogen Sulfuric Acid Process Step for the Tandem Mirror Reactor written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper identifies the sulfuric acid step as the critical part of the thermochemical cycle in dictating the thermal demands and temperature requirements of the heat source. The General Atomic Sulfur-Iodine Cycle is coupled to a Tandem Mirror. The sulfuric acid decomposition process step is focused on specifically since this step can use the high efficiency electrical power of the direct converter together with the other thermal-produced electricity to Joule-heat a non-catalytic SO3 decomposer to approximately 1250°K. This approach uses concepts originally suggested by Dick Werner and Oscar Krikorian. The blanket temperature can be lowered to about 900°K, greatly alleviating materials problems, the level of technology required, safety problems, and costs. A moderate degree of heat has been integrated to keep the cycle efficiency around 48%, but the number of heat exchangers has been limited in order to keep hydrogen production costs within reasonable bounds.
Author : Francesco Calise
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128148543
Total Pages : 586 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Solar Hydrogen Production written by Francesco Calise and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-08-15 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar Hydrogen Production: Processes, Systems and Technologies presents the most recent developments in solar-driven hydrogen generation methods. The book covers different hydrogen production routes, from renewable sources, to solar harvesting technologies. Sections focus on solar energy, presenting the main thermal and electrical technologies suitable for possible integration into solar-based hydrogen production systems and present a thorough examination of solar hydrogen technologies, ranging from solar-driven water electrolysis and solar thermal methods, to photo-catalytic and biological processes. All hydrogen-based technologies are covered, including data regarding the state-of-the art of each process in terms of costs, efficiency, measured parameters, experimental analyses, and demonstration projects. In the last part of the book, the role of hydrogen in the integration of renewable sources in electric grids, transportation sector, and end-user applications is assessed, considering their current status and future perspectives. The book includes performance data, tables, models and references to available standards. It is thus a key-resource for engineering researchers and scientists, in both academic and industrial contexts, involved in designing, planning and developing solar hydrogen systems. Offers a comprehensive overview of conventional and advanced solar hydrogen technologies, including simulation models, cost figures, R&D projects, demonstration projects, test standards, and safety and handling issues Encompasses, in a single volume, information on solar energy and hydrogen systems Includes detailed economic data on each technology for feasibility assessment of different systems
Author : Kevin R. Caple
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 125 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (872 download)
Download or read book Detailed Analysis of the Hydrogen Sulfide Production Step in a Sulfur-sulfur Thermochemical Water Splitting Cycle written by Kevin R. Caple and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production of hydrogen has been one of the most heavily studied, energy related fields over the past half century, yet few methods are commercially or economically viable and none are currently sustainable. Of those aiming at the sustainable production of hydrogen using renewable resources, perhaps the most widely studied are those attempting to thermochemically split water via various chemical intermediates. These provide an attractive conceptual alternative to other methods due to lower energy input requirements and to the production of the targeted hydrogen and oxygen in separate reaction steps. One of the most widely studied thermochemical cycles is the Sulfur-Iodine cycle, the development of which has recently slowed due to the difficulty in the separation of hydrogen iodine from a hydrogen iodide-iodine-water azeotrope, material compatibility issues, and the perceived need use large amounts of iodine in the process. A modification of the Sulfur-Iodine thermochemical cycle that attempts to avoid those issues along with mitigating the need to process large amounts of water in the cycle was developed, in a cycle we describe as the Sulfur-Sulfur cycle. This new thermochemical cycle can be summarized by the reaction sequence shown below. [see abstract for chemical reactions] Previous work in our group demonstrated the viability of implementing the cycle's low temperature reactions (the first reaction pair, which we call the Bunsen reaction and the Hydrogen Sulfide Production (HSP) reactions) in ionic liquids, which removes the need to process large amounts of water and iodine in the reaction sequence, and minimizes the material compatibility issues, and also demonstrated the feasibility of stream reforming hydrogen sulfide. The present work focuses on an exergetic analysis of the Sulfur-Sulfur cycle, the careful determination of reaction kinetics for the HSP reaction, and developing a model of the kinetics of the low temperature reactions. The exergetic analysis was carried out based on the published thermochemical parameters for the species involved. The analysis showed that the maximum theoretical exergetic efficiency of the Sulfur-Sulfur cycle is nearly 70% with a strong dependence on the reaction temperature of the low temperature reactions. The kinetics of the Bunsen and HSP were investigated through iodine colorimetery and the effect of water was determined. This kinetic data was used for the development of a predictive kinetic model that could accurately monitor the progression of iodine through the reaction system. The work showed that the Bunsen reaction is very fast with an activation energy (E[subscript aB]) of 92.83 kJ/mol and a pre-exponential factor (k0) of 7.65E+14 min−1, while for the HSP reaction, they were determined to be 117.09 kJ/mole and 7.73E+16 min−1. Integration of these two reactions into a single differential model based on iodine concentration fit the experimental profile extremely well The effect of including a Lewis base other than water in the reaction mixture yielded promising results that warrant future development. Specifically, the rates of both the Bunsen and HSP reactions increased with an increase in the pK[subscript b] of the added Lewis base. A local protocol to recycle the ionic liquid, enabling it to be reused in new experiments, was successfully developed. When the recycled ionic liquid is employed, effects similar to those found through the inclusion of the Lewis base were observed, suggesting that a decomposition product remains in the recycled ionic liquid. This effect could be minimized by acid washing the recycled ionic liquid prior to use.
Author : Nicholas J. AuYeung
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 113 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (761 download)
Download or read book Hydrogen Production Via a Sulfur-sulfur Thermochemical Water-splitting Cycle written by Nicholas J. AuYeung and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermochemical water splitting cycles have been conceptualized and researched for over half a century, yet to this day none are commercially viable. The heavily studied Sulfur-Iodine cycle has been stalled in the early development stage due to a difficult HI-H2O separation step and material compatibility issues. In an effort to avoid the azeotropic HI-H2O mixture, an imidazolium-based ionic liquid was used as a reaction medium instead of water. Ionic liquids were selected based on their high solubility for SO2, I2, and tunable miscibility with water. The initial low temperature step of the Sulfur-Iodine cycle was successfully carried out in ionic liquid reaction medium. Kinetics of the reaction were investigated by I2 colorimetry. The reaction also evolved H2S gas, which led to the conceptual idea of a new Sulfur-Sulfur thermochemical cycle, shown below: [equation] The critical step in the Sulfur-Sulfur cycle is the steam reformation of H2S. This highly endothermic step is shown to successfully occur at temperatures in excess of 800°C in the presence of a molybdenum catalyst. A parametric study varying the H2O:H2S ratio, temperature, and residence time in a simple tubular quartz reactor was carried out and Arrhenius parameters were estimated. All reactive steps of the Sulfur-Sulfur cycle have been either demonstrated previously or demonstrated in this work. A theoretical heat-to-hydrogen thermal efficiency is estimated to be 55% at a hot temperature of 1100 K and 59% at 2000 K. As a highly efficient, all-fluid based thermochemical cycle, the Sulfur-Sulfur cycle has great potential for feasible process implementation for the transformation of high quality heat to chemical energy.
Author : William A. Summers
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (316 download)
Download or read book The Hybrid Sulfur Cycle for Nuclear Hydrogen Production written by William A. Summers and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two Sulfur-based cycles--the Sulfur-Iodine (SI) and the Hybrid Sulfur (HyS)--have emerged as the leading thermochemical water-splitting processes for producing hydrogen utilizing the heat from advanced nuclear reactors. Numerous international efforts have been underway for several years to develop the SI Cycle, but development of the HyS Cycle has lagged. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the background, current status, recent development results, and the future potential for this thermochemical process. Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) has been supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy, Science, and Technology since 2004 to evaluate and to conduct research and development for the HyS Cycle. Process design studies and flowsheet optimization have shown that an overall plant efficiency (based on nuclear heat converted to hydrogen product, higher heating value basis) of over 50% is possible with this cycle. Economic studies indicate that a nuclear hydrogen plant based on this process can be economically competitive, assuming that the key component, the sulfur dioxide-depolarized electrolyzer, can be successfully developed. SRNL has recently demonstrated the use of a proton-exchange-membrane electrochemical cell to perform this function, thus holding promise for economical and efficient hydrogen production.
Download or read book Thermochemical Processes for Solar Hydrogen Production written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of solar energy to produce hydrogen from water is an attractive concept that merits a continuing research and development effort. The base technology being developed for solar thermal power can be applied effectively in the production of hydrogen from water. Hydrogen production could be based on advanced water electrolysis and economic solar hydrogen become an eventual reality even if advanced processes do not prove to be feasible. Thermochemical cycles for decomposing water promise higher efficiencies if cycles can be developed that match the characteristics of solar heat sources. At present, cycles based on sulfuric acid are the most fully developed processes and they can be adapted to solar thermal systems and serve as standards of comparison for new cycles as they are discovered and developed. Advanced cycles based on solids decomposition reactions should interface advantageously with solar thermal systems and several cycles based on such reactions are under experimental evaluation.
Download or read book Engineering and Bench-scale Studies on the General Atomic Sulfur-iodine Thermochemical Water-splitting Cycle written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (957 download)
Download or read book An Integrated Laboratory-Scale Experiment on the Sulfur - Iodine Thermochemical Cycle for Hydrogen Production written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sulfur Iodine Process Summary for the Hydrogen Technology Down-Selection written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document describes the details of implementing a Sulfur-Iodine (S-I) hydrogen production plant to deploy with the Next General Nuclear Power Plant (NGNP). Technical requirements and specifications are included, and a conceptual plant design is presented. The following areas of interest are outlined in particular as a baseline for the various technology comparisons: (1) Performance Criteria - (a) Quantity of hydrogen produced, (b) Purity of hydrogen produced, (c) Flexibility to serve various applications, (d) Waste management; (2) Economic Considerations - (a) Cost of hydrogen, (b) Development costs; and (3) Risk - (a) Technical maturity of the S-I process, (b) Development risk, (c) Scale up options.
Author : Melvin G. Bowman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (969 download)
Download or read book Thermochemical Processes for Solar Hydrogen Production written by Melvin G. Bowman and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
