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Soft X Ray Optics And Technology
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Book Synopsis Soft X-ray Optics by : Eberhard Spiller
Download or read book Soft X-ray Optics written by Eberhard Spiller and published by SPIE Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text describes optics mainly in the 10 to 500 angstrom wavelength region. These wavelengths are 50 to 100 times shorter than those for visible light and 50 to 100 times longer than the wavelengths of medical x rays or x-ray diffraction from natural crystals. There have been substantial advances during the last 20 years, which one can see as an extension of optical technology to shorter wavelengths or as an extension of x-ray diffraction to longer wavelengths. Artificial diffracting structures like zone plates and multilayer mirrors are replacing the natural crystals of x-ray diffraction. Some of these structures can now be fabricated to have diffraction-limited resolution. The new possibilities are described in a simple, tutorial way.
Book Synopsis Optical Technologies for Extreme-Ultraviolet and Soft X-ray Coherent Sources by : Federico Canova
Download or read book Optical Technologies for Extreme-Ultraviolet and Soft X-ray Coherent Sources written by Federico Canova and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-17 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book reviews the most recent achievements in optical technologies for XUV and X-ray coherent sources. Particular attention is given to free-electron-laser facilities, but also to other sources available at present, such as synchrotrons, high-order laser harmonics and X-ray lasers. The optical technologies relevant to each type of source are discussed. In addition, the main technologies used for photon handling and conditioning, namely multilayer mirrors, adaptive optics, crystals and gratings are explained. Experiments using coherent light received during the last decades a lot of attention for the X-ray regime. Strong efforts were taken for the realization of almost fully coherent sources, e.g. the free-electron lasers, both as independent sources in the femtosecond and attosecond regimes and as seeding sources for free-electron-lasers and X-ray gas lasers. In parallel to the development of sources, optical technologies for photon handling and conditioning of such coherent and intense X-ray beams advanced. New problems were faced for the realization of optical components of beamlines demanding to manage coherent X-ray photons, e.g. the preservation of coherence and time structure of ultra short pulses.
Book Synopsis Optical Systems for Soft X Rays by : A.G. Michette
Download or read book Optical Systems for Soft X Rays written by A.G. Michette and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fundamental problem in cell biology is the cause of aging. The solution to this problem has not yet been obtained because,(l) until recently, it was not possible to image living cells directly. The use of low-energy (soft) X rays has made such imaging possible, perhaps thereby allowing the aging process to be understood and possibly overcome (a result that may well generate further social, moral, and ethical problems). Fortun ately this is not the only aspect of cell biology amenable to soft X-ray imaging, and it is envisaged that many less controversial studies--such as investigations of the detailed differences between healthy and diseased or malignant cells (in their natural states) and processes of cell division and growth-will be made possible. The use of soft X rays is not limited to biological studies-many applications are possible in, for example, fusion research, materials science, and astronomy. Such studies have only recently begun in earnest because several difficulties had to be overcome, major among these being the lack (for some purposes) of sufficiently intense sources, and the technological difficulties associated with making efficient optical systems. As is well known, the advent of dedicated synchrotron radiation sources, in particular, has alleviated the first of these difficulties, not just for the soft X-ray region. It is the purpose of this book to consider progress in the second.
Book Synopsis Optical Systems for Soft X Rays by : A.G. Michette
Download or read book Optical Systems for Soft X Rays written by A.G. Michette and published by Springer. This book was released on 1884 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fundamental problem in cell biology is the cause of aging. The solution to this problem has not yet been obtained because,(l) until recently, it was not possible to image living cells directly. The use of low-energy (soft) X rays has made such imaging possible, perhaps thereby allowing the aging process to be understood and possibly overcome (a result that may well generate further social, moral, and ethical problems). Fortun ately this is not the only aspect of cell biology amenable to soft X-ray imaging, and it is envisaged that many less controversial studies--such as investigations of the detailed differences between healthy and diseased or malignant cells (in their natural states) and processes of cell division and growth-will be made possible. The use of soft X rays is not limited to biological studies-many applications are possible in, for example, fusion research, materials science, and astronomy. Such studies have only recently begun in earnest because several difficulties had to be overcome, major among these being the lack (for some purposes) of sufficiently intense sources, and the technological difficulties associated with making efficient optical systems. As is well known, the advent of dedicated synchrotron radiation sources, in particular, has alleviated the first of these difficulties, not just for the soft X-ray region. It is the purpose of this book to consider progress in the second.
Book Synopsis X-Rays and Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation by : David Attwood
Download or read book X-Rays and Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation written by David Attwood and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master the physics and understand the current applications of modern X-ray and EUV sources with this fully updated second edition.
Book Synopsis Nanoscale Photonic Imaging by : Tim Salditt
Download or read book Nanoscale Photonic Imaging written by Tim Salditt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book, edited and authored by a team of world-leading researchers, provides a broad overview of advanced photonic methods for nanoscale visualization, as well as describing a range of fascinating in-depth studies. Introductory chapters cover the most relevant physics and basic methods that young researchers need to master in order to work effectively in the field of nanoscale photonic imaging, from physical first principles, to instrumentation, to mathematical foundations of imaging and data analysis. Subsequent chapters demonstrate how these cutting edge methods are applied to a variety of systems, including complex fluids and biomolecular systems, for visualizing their structure and dynamics, in space and on timescales extending over many orders of magnitude down to the femtosecond range. Progress in nanoscale photonic imaging in Göttingen has been the sum total of more than a decade of work by a wide range of scientists and mathematicians across disciplines, working together in a vibrant collaboration of a kind rarely matched. This volume presents the highlights of their research achievements and serves as a record of the unique and remarkable constellation of contributors, as well as looking ahead at the future prospects in this field. It will serve not only as a useful reference for experienced researchers but also as a valuable point of entry for newcomers.
Download or read book Rntgen Centennial written by A. Haase and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1997 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To honour W C Rntgen and review the entire area of X-ray development in the various fields of natural, technical, and life sciences, his successors at the Physikalisches Institut of the Universitt Wrzburg organized a conference, named ?Rntgen Centennial?. It took place at the new ?Physikalisches Institut? not far from the historical site shortly before the actual 100th anniversary of the discovery. Over forty renowned scientists were invited as representative speakers in the various subfields of X-ray activities. They reviewed the development, gave examples, and described the present status. Most of them provided survey articles, which are gathered in this book. Since most X-ray-related activities are somehow represented, an almost complete overview of the entire field is provided. This book thus represents the enormous breadth of X-ray activities and allows one to recognize the potential and quality of today's X-ray research.
Book Synopsis Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology by :
Download or read book Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reports NIST research and development in the physical and engineering sciences in which the Institute is active. These include physics, chemistry, engineering, mathematics, and computer sciences. Emphasis on measurement methodology and the basic technology underlying standardization.
Download or read book EUV Lithography written by Vivek Bakshi and published by SPIE Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Editorial Review Dr. Bakshi has compiled a thorough, clear reference text covering the important fields of EUV lithography for high-volume manufacturing. This book has resulted from his many years of experience in EUVL development and from teaching this subject to future specialists. The book proceeds from an historical perspective of EUV lithography, through source technology, optics, projection system design, mask, resist, and patterning performance, to cost of ownership. Each section contains worked examples, a comprehensive review of challenges, and relevant citations for those who wish to further investigate the subject matter. Dr. Bakshi succeeds in presenting sometimes unfamiliar material in a very clear manner. This book is also valuable as a teaching tool. It has become an instant classic and far surpasses others in the EUVL field. --Dr. Akira Endo, Chief Development Manager, Gigaphoton Inc. Description Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) is the principal lithography technology aiming to manufacture computer chips beyond the current 193-nm-based optical lithography, and recent progress has been made on several fronts: EUV light sources, optics, optics metrology, contamination control, masks and mask handling, and resists. This comprehensive volume is comprised of contributions from the world's leading EUVL researchers and provides all of the critical information needed by practitioners and those wanting an introduction to the field. Interest in EUVL technology continues to increase, and this volume provides the foundation required for understanding and applying this exciting technology. About the editor of EUV Lithography Dr. Vivek Bakshi previously served as a senior member of the technical staff at SEMATECH; he is now president of EUV Litho, Inc., in Austin, Texas.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids by : Edward D. Palik
Download or read book Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids written by Edward D. Palik and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 1121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook--a sequel to the widely used Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids--contains critical reviews and tabulated values of indexes of refraction (n) and extinction coefficients (k) for almost 50 materials that were not covered in the original handbook. For each material, the best known n and k values have been carefully tabulated, from the x-ray to millimeter-wave region of the spectrum by expert optical scientists. In addition, the handbook features thirteen introductory chapters that discuss the determination of n and k by various techniques.* Contributors have decided the best values for n and k* References in each critique allow the reader to go back to the original data to examine and understand where the values have come from* Allows the reader to determine if any data in a spectral region needs to be filled in* Gives a wide and detailed view of experimental techniques for measuring the optical constants n and k* Incorporates and describes crystal structure, space-group symmetry, unit-cell dimensions, number of optic and acoustic modes, frequencies of optic modes, the irreducible representation, band gap, plasma frequency, and static dielectric constant
Book Synopsis Soft X-Rays and Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation by : David Attwood
Download or read book Soft X-Rays and Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation written by David Attwood and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive book describes the fundamental properties of soft X-rays and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation and discusses their applications in a wide variety of fields, including EUV lithography for semiconductor chip manufacture and soft X-ray biomicroscopy. The author provides a wealth of useful reference material such as electron binding energies, characteristic emission lines and photo-absorption cross-sections. The book will be of great interest to graduate students and researchers in engineering, physics, chemistry, and the ...
Book Synopsis Medical Imaging Systems by : Andreas Maier
Download or read book Medical Imaging Systems written by Andreas Maier and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-02 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book gives a complete and comprehensive introduction to the fields of medical imaging systems, as designed for a broad range of applications. The authors of the book first explain the foundations of system theory and image processing, before highlighting several modalities in a dedicated chapter. The initial focus is on modalities that are closely related to traditional camera systems such as endoscopy and microscopy. This is followed by more complex image formation processes: magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray projection imaging, computed tomography, X-ray phase-contrast imaging, nuclear imaging, ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography.
Download or read book Technology 2000 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology ... Catalog by : National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
Download or read book Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology ... Catalog written by National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selected Topics in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology by : Andrew T. S. Wee
Download or read book Selected Topics in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology written by Andrew T. S. Wee and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2009 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selected Topics in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology contains a collection of papers in the subfields of scanning probe microscopy, nanofabrication, functional nanoparticles and nanomaterials, molecular engineering and bionanotechnology. Written by experts in their respective fields, it is intended for a general scientific readership who may be non-specialists in these subjects, but who want a reasonably comprehensive introduction to them. This volume is also suitable as resource material for a senior undergraduate or introductory graduate course in nanoscience and nanotechnology.The review articles have been published in journal COSMOS Vol 3 & 4.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, Five-Volume Set by : Edward D. Palik
Download or read book Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, Five-Volume Set written by Edward D. Palik and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-12-10 with total page 3437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This set of five volumes, four volumes edited by Edward D. Palik and a volume by Gorachand Ghosh, is a unique resource for any science and technology library. It provides materials researchers and optical device designers with reference facts in a context not available anywhere else. The singular functionality of the set derives from the unique format for the three core volumes that comprise the Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids. The Handbook satisfies several essential needs: first, it affords the most comprehensive database of the refractive index and extinction (or loss) coefficient of technically important and scientifically interesting dielectrics. This data has been critically selected and evaluated by authorities on each material. Second, the dielectric constant database is supplemented by tutorial chapters covering the basics of dielectric theory and reviews of experimental techniques for each wavelength region and material characteristic. As an additional resource, two of the tutorial chapters summarize the relevant characteristics of each of the materials in the database.The data in the core volumes have been collected and analyzed over a period of twelve years, with the most recent completed in 1997. The volumes systematically define the dielectric properties of 143 of the most engaging materials, including metals, semiconductors, and insulators. Together, the three Palik books contain nearly 3,000 pages, with about 2/3 devoted to the dielectric constant data. The tutorial chapters in the remaining 1/3 of the pages contain a wealth of information, including some dielectric data. Hence, the separate volume, Index to Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, which is included as part of the set, substantially enhances the utility of the Handbook and in essence, joins all the Palik volumes into one unit. It isthen of great importance to users of the set. A final volume rounds out the set. The Handbook of Thermo-Optic Coefficients of Optical Materials with Applications collects refractive index measurements and their temperature dependence for a large number of crystals and glasses. Mathematical models represent these data, and in turn are used in the design of nonlinear optical devices.* Unique source of extremely useful optical data for a very broad community of scientists, researchers, and practitioners* Will be of great practical applicability to both industry and research* Presents optical constants for a broadest spectral range, for a very large number of materials: Paliks three volumes include 143 materials including 43 elements; Ghoshs volume includes some 70 technologically interesting crystals and many commercial glasses* Includes a special index volume that enables the user to search for the information in the three Palik volumes easily and quickly* Critique chapters in the Palik volumes discuss the data and give reference to most of the literature available for each material* Presents various techniques for measuring the optical constants and mathematical models for analytical calculations of some data
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992-02 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
