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Social Control And Multiple Discovery In Science
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Book Synopsis Social Control and Multiple Discovery in Science by : Susan E. Cozzens
Download or read book Social Control and Multiple Discovery in Science written by Susan E. Cozzens and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 1989-07-01 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognition for accomplishment is a major institutional reward in the scientific community, thus regulating disputes over credit for discovery, can be viewed as an important problem in social control. Cozzens examines a well-known dispute — one that took place with the discovery of the opiate receptor in neuropharmacological research. The issues Cozzens discusses — priority disputes, social control, and norms and morals — are important throughout the sciences; they are crucial factors in the lives of scientists, the functioning of scientific communities, and the day-to-day operations of scientific organizations.
Book Synopsis Social Control and Multiple Discovery in Science by : Susan E. Cozzens
Download or read book Social Control and Multiple Discovery in Science written by Susan E. Cozzens and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognition for accomplishment is a major institutional reward in the scientific community, thus regulating disputes over credit for discovery, can be viewed as an important problem in social control. Cozzens examines a well-known dispute -- one that took place with the discovery of the opiate receptor in neuropharmacological research. The issues Cozzens discusses -- priority disputes, social control, and norms and morals -- are important throughout the sciences; they are crucial factors in the lives of scientists, the functioning of scientific communities, and the day-to-day operations of scientific organizations.
Download or read book Technopolis written by Nigel Calder and published by New York : Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 1970 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Social Science Research by : Anol Bhattacherjee
Download or read book Social Science Research written by Anol Bhattacherjee and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2012-04-01 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed to introduce doctoral and graduate students to the process of conducting scientific research in the social sciences, business, education, public health, and related disciplines. It is a one-stop, comprehensive, and compact source for foundational concepts in behavioral research, and can serve as a stand-alone text or as a supplement to research readings in any doctoral seminar or research methods class. This book is currently used as a research text at universities on six continents and will shortly be available in nine different languages.
Book Synopsis Annual Review of Information Science and Technology by : Blaise Cronin
Download or read book Annual Review of Information Science and Technology written by Blaise Cronin and published by Information Today, Inc.. This book was released on 2007 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ARIST, published annually since 1966, is a landmark publication within the information science community. It surveys the landscape of information science and technology, providing an analytical, authoritative, and accessible overview of recent trends and significant developments. The range of topics varies considerably, reflecting the dynamism of the discipline and the diversity of theoretical and applied perspectives. While ARIST continues to cover key topics associated with classical information science (e.g., bibliometrics, information retrieval), editor Blaise Cronin is selectively expanding its footprint in an effort to connect information science more tightly with cognate academic and professional communities.
Book Synopsis The Social Basis of Scientific Discoveries by : Augustine Brannigan
Download or read book The Social Basis of Scientific Discoveries written by Augustine Brannigan and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1981-10-29 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What constitutes a scientific discovery? How do discoveries happen and how are they recognised as such? These are questions of central concern to scientists and philosophers. In this book, Augustine Brannigan provides a critical examination of the major theories which have been devised to account for discoveries and innovations in science, and develops a fresh alternative. Dr Brannigan begins by arguing that most theories fall into one of two classes: mentalistic theories, which describe how ideas come into the mind, and cultural theories, which describe how they 'mature' in a particular culture. His account reveals a series of empirical and methodological problems that make these existing models untenable and he proposes as an alternative a sociological approach, which draws attention not to what makes discoveries happen, but to the processes whereby certain achievements are recognised and labelled as discoveries. This approach is illustrated in detail with a number of important scientific cases. The book throws light not only on the conventional character of discoveries but also on the folk elements in popular theories about discovery, such as genius, gestalt switch and simultaneous invention.
Book Synopsis Theories of Informetrics and Scholarly Communication by : Cassidy R. Sugimoto
Download or read book Theories of Informetrics and Scholarly Communication written by Cassidy R. Sugimoto and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2016-02-22 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientometrics have become an essential element in the practice and evaluation of science and research, including both the evaluation of individuals and national assessment exercises. Yet, researchers and practitioners in this field have lacked clear theories to guide their work. As early as 1981, then doctoral student Blaise Cronin published "The need for a theory of citing" —a call to arms for the fledgling scientometric community to produce foundational theories upon which the work of the field could be based. More than three decades later, the time has come to reach out the field again and ask how they have responded to this call. This book compiles the foundational theories that guide informetrics and scholarly communication research. It is a much needed compilation by leading scholars in the field that gathers together the theories that guide our understanding of authorship, citing, and impact.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Creativity written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-05-20 with total page 4322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of the successful Encyclopedia of Creativity served to establish the study of creativity is a field in itself. Now completely updated and revised in its second edition, coverage encompasses the definition of creativity, the development and expression of creativity across the lifespan, the environmental conditions that encourage or discourage creativity, creativity within specific disciplines like music, dance, film, art, literature, etc., the relationship of creativity and mental health, intelligence, and learning styles, and the process of being creative. This reference also appeals to a lay audience with articles specifically on the application of creativity to business settings. Available online via ScienceDirect and in limited print release. Named a 2012 Outstanding Academic Title by the American Library Association's Choice publication Serves as a compendium of reviews of a number of domain-specific areas, such as acting, dance, expressive arts, film, food, music, religion, science, sports, theater, and writing. Creativity and education are examined in articles about thought processes, such as developmental trends in creative abilities and potentials, the enhancement of creativity, intelligence, knowledge, play, prodigies, programs and courses, talent and teaching creativity. Cognitive aspects of creativity can be investigated in articles about altered and transitional states, analogies, attention, cognitive style, divergent thinking, flow and optimal experience, metacognition, metaphors, problem-finding, problem-solving, and remote associates. Covers business and organizational creativity in articles about advertising with art, creative visuals, business/management, creativity coaching, creativity exercises, entrepreneurship, group dynamics, innovation, leadership, organizational culture, organizational development, teams, and training, among others. Explicitly examines the complex interrelationship between society and creativity in articles about awards, conformity and conventionality, the creative sector and class of society, cultural diversity, the dark side of creativity, East vs. West, networking, social psychology, war, zeitgeist, and others. Personal and interpersonal creativity is discussed in articles relating to collaboration, family, life stages, mentors, networking, personal creativity and self-actualization. Focuses on scientific information about creativity, there are also articles that discuss brain and neuropsychology, concepts of creativity, definitions of creativity, expertise, longitudinal studies, researching art, artists and art audiences, research methods, phenomenology research and qualitative research. Online version contains an additional 26 biographies of famously creative people
Book Synopsis Innovation in Cultural Systems by : Michael John O'Brien
Download or read book Innovation in Cultural Systems written by Michael John O'Brien and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading scholars offer a range of perspectives on the roles played by innovation in the evolution of human culture. In recent years an interest in applying the principles of evolution to the study of culture emerged in the social sciences. Archaeologists and anthropologists reconsidered the role of innovation in particular, and have moved toward characterizing innovation in cultural systems not only as a product but also as an evolutionary process. This distinction was familiar to biology but new to the social sciences; cultural evolutionists from the nineteenth to the twentieth century had tended to see innovation as a preprogrammed change that occurred when a cultural group "needed" to overcome environmental problems. In this volume, leading researchers from a variety of disciplines--including anthropology, archaeology, evolutionary biology, philosophy, and psychology--offer their perspectives on cultural innovation. The book provides not only a range of views but also an integrated account, with the chapters offering an orderly progression of thought. The contributors consider innovation in biological terms, discussing epistemology, animal studies, systematics and phylogeny, phenotypic plasticity and evolvability, and evo-devo; they discuss modern insights into innovation, including simulation, the random-copying model, diffusion, and demographic analysis; and they offer case studies of innovation from archaeological and ethnographic records, examining developmental, behavioral, and social patterns. Contributors André Ariew, R. Alexander Bentley, Werner Callebaut, Joseph Henrich, Anne Kandler, Kevin N. Laland, Daniel O. Larson, Alex Mesoudi, Michael J. O'Brien, Craig T. Palmer, Adam Powell, Simon M. Reader, Valentine Roux, Chet Savage, Michael Brian Schiffer, Jeffrey H. Schwartz, Stephen J. Shennan, James Steele, Mark G. Thomas, Todd L. VanPool
Book Synopsis Science, Technology, and Democracy by : Daniel Lee Kleinman
Download or read book Science, Technology, and Democracy written by Daniel Lee Kleinman and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2000-09-28 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activists, scientists, and scholars in the social sciences and humanities explore in productive dialogue what it means to democratize science and technology. The contributors consider what role lay people can have in a realm traditionally restricted to experts, and examine the socio-economic and ideological barriers to creating a science oriented more toward human needs. Included are several case studies of efforts to expand the role of citizens—including discussions of AIDS treatment activism, technology consensus conferences in Europe and the United States, the regulation of nuclear materials processing and disposal, and farmer networks in sustainable agriculture—and examinations of how the Enlightenment premises of modern science constrain its field of vision. Other chapters suggest how citizens can interpret differing opinions within scientific communities on issues of clear public relevance. Contributors include Steven Epstein, Sandra Harding, Neva Hassanein, Louise Kaplan, Daniel Lee Kleinman, Daniel Sarewitz, Stephen H. Schneider, and Richard E. Sclove.
Book Synopsis Beyond the Science Wars by : Ullica Christina Olofsdotter Segerstrale
Download or read book Beyond the Science Wars written by Ullica Christina Olofsdotter Segerstrale and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 2000-08-03 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contextualizes the "Science Wars" from interdisciplinary sociological, historical, scientific, political, and cultural perspectives.
Book Synopsis NIH Extramural Center Programs by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book NIH Extramural Center Programs written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-04-21 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grants for research centers located in universities, medical centers, and other nonprofit research institutions account for about 9 percent of the National Institutes of Health budget. Centers are popular because they can bring visibility, focus, and increased resources to bear on specific diseases. However, congressional debate in 2001 over proposed legislation directing NIH to set up centers for muscular dystrophy research highlighted several areas of uncertainty about how to decide when centers are an appropriate research mechanism in specific cases. The debate also highlighted a growing trend among patient advocacy groups to regard centers as a key element of every disease research program, regardless of how much is known about the disease in question, the availability of experienced researchers, and other factors. This book examines the criteria and procedures used in deciding whether to establish new specialized research centers. It discusses the future role of centers in light of the growing trend of large-scale research in biomedicine, and it offers recommendations for improving the classification and tracking of center programs, clarifying and improving the decision process and criteria for initiating center programs, resolving the occasional disagreements over the appropriateness of centers, and evaluating the performance of center programs more regularly and systematically.
Book Synopsis Degrees of Compromise by : Jennifer Croissant
Download or read book Degrees of Compromise written by Jennifer Croissant and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2001-04-05 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Degrees of Compromise probes the convergence of for-profit business collaborations with higher education. Interdisciplinary in scope, the collection questions the effects of commercialization activities on undergraduate student values and graduate education practice and ethics, research autonomy, institutional prestige, and scientific imperatives such as objectivity. Included are philosophical analyses of the professional status of faculty in higher education; ethnographic explorations of technology transfer, laboratory design, scientific assumptions, and graduate education; and a quantitative assessment of patenting and its relationship to institutional prestige and resources.
Book Synopsis Research on Human Subjects by : Bernard Barber
Download or read book Research on Human Subjects written by Bernard Barber and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-04-24 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of human subjects in biomedical research has increased rapidly with scientific discoveries. However, the failure to achieve the highest - or even adequate - standards of professional moral concern and behavior is a serious side effect. Research on Human Subjects is based on four years of intensive research in which two studies were completed - one on a nationally representative sample of biomedical research institutions, the second on a sample of 350 researchers who actually used human subjects. The authors explore prevalent ethical norms, the actual ethical behavior of scientists, and the dilemma between the values of humane therapy and scientific discovery. They document the inadequate training that biomedical researchers receive in the ethics of research on human subjects, not only in medical schools but in post-graduate training as well. This landmark work makes very specific suggestions for policy change and reform for the biomedical research profession and its employment of human subjects.
Book Synopsis National Library of Medicine Current Catalog by : National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
Download or read book National Library of Medicine Current Catalog written by National Library of Medicine (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1068 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Current Literature on Science of Science by :
Download or read book Current Literature on Science of Science written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis New Essays in Technical and Scientific Communication by : Paul V Anderson
Download or read book New Essays in Technical and Scientific Communication written by Paul V Anderson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-08 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Essays in Technical and Scientific Communication represents the most important collection of writings about technical communications ever compiled. Focusing on a wide range of theoretical and practical issues, these essays reflect the rigor, vitality, and interdisciplinary nature of modern technical communications. This represents a collection of the very best scholarly work being done.
