Skill And Occupational Change

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Skill and Occupational Change

Author : Roger Penn
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0198279280
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (982 download)

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Book Synopsis Skill and Occupational Change by : Roger Penn

Download or read book Skill and Occupational Change written by Roger Penn and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 1994 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this major new book leading sociologists, economists, and social psychologists present their highly original research into changes in jobs in Britain in the 1980s. Combining large-scale sample surveys, personal life-histories, and case studies of towns, employers, and worker groups, their findings give clear and often surprising answers to questions debated by social and economic observers in all advanced countries. Does technology destroy skills or rebuild them? How does skill affect the attitudes of employees and their managers towards their jobs? Are women gaining greater skill equality with men, or are they still stuck on the lower rungs of the skill and occupational ladders? The book also takes up neglected issues (what do employees really mean by a skilled job? How does skill-change link with changes in social values?) and challenges and discredits the widely held view that new technology has de-skilled the work force. Skill and Occupational Change exploits the richest single data-set available in contemporary Europe and the authors exemplify many new techniques for researching skills at work: as an economic resource, as a motor of occupational change, and as a basis for personal careers and identity. It provides the most comprehensive, authoritative, and carefully researched set of conclusions to date on skill trends and their implications and draws the authoritative new map of skill-change in British society.

The Changing Nature of Work

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309172926
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Changing Nature of Work by : National Research Council

Download or read book The Changing Nature of Work written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-09-07 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although there is great debate about how work is changing, there is a clear consensus that changes are fundamental and ongoing. The Changing Nature of Work examines the evidence for change in the world of work. The committee provides a clearly illustrated framework for understanding changes in work and these implications for analyzing the structure of occupations in both the civilian and military sectors. This volume explores the increasing demographic diversity of the workforce, the fluidity of boundaries between lines of work, the interdependent choices for how work is structured-and ultimately, the need for an integrated systematic approach to understanding how work is changing. The book offers a rich array of data and highlighted examples on: Markets, technology, and many other external conditions affecting the nature of work. Research findings on American workers and how they feel about work. Downsizing and the trend toward flatter organizational hierarchies. Autonomy, complexity, and other aspects of work structure. The committee reviews the evolution of occupational analysis and examines the effectiveness of the latest systems in characterizing current and projected changes in civilian and military work. The occupational structure and changing work requirements in the Army are presented as a case study.

Global Mobility of Research Scientists

Author : Aldo Geuna
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128016817
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Mobility of Research Scientists by : Aldo Geuna

Download or read book Global Mobility of Research Scientists written by Aldo Geuna and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-08-03 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Mobility of Research Scientists: The Economics of Who Goes Where and Why brings together information on how the localization and mobility of academic researchers contributes to the production of knowledge. The text answers several questions, including "what characterizes nationally and internationally mobile researchers?" and "what are the individual and social implications of increased mobility of research scientists?" Eight independent, but coordinated chapters address these and other questions, drawing on a set of newly developed databases covering 30 countries, including the US, the UK, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, and China, among others. Combines theoretically sound and empirically fascinating results in one volume that has international and interdisciplinary appeal. Covers topics at the forefront of academic, business, and policy discussions Data used in the chapters available at a freely-accessible website

Assessing 21st Century Skills

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309217903
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Assessing 21st Century Skills by : National Research Council

Download or read book Assessing 21st Century Skills written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-10-16 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The routine jobs of yesterday are being replaced by technology and/or shipped off-shore. In their place, job categories that require knowledge management, abstract reasoning, and personal services seem to be growing. The modern workplace requires workers to have broad cognitive and affective skills. Often referred to as "21st century skills," these skills include being able to solve complex problems, to think critically about tasks, to effectively communicate with people from a variety of different cultures and using a variety of different techniques, to work in collaboration with others, to adapt to rapidly changing environments and conditions for performing tasks, to effectively manage one's work, and to acquire new skills and information on one's own. The National Research Council (NRC) has convened two prior workshops on the topic of 21st century skills. The first, held in 2007, was designed to examine research on the skills required for the 21st century workplace and the extent to which they are meaningfully different from earlier eras and require corresponding changes in educational experiences. The second workshop, held in 2009, was designed to explore demand for these types of skills, consider intersections between science education reform goals and 21st century skills, examine models of high-quality science instruction that may develop the skills, and consider science teacher readiness for 21st century skills. The third workshop was intended to delve more deeply into the topic of assessment. The goal for this workshop was to capitalize on the prior efforts and explore strategies for assessing the five skills identified earlier. The Committee on the Assessment of 21st Century Skills was asked to organize a workshop that reviewed the assessments and related research for each of the five skills identified at the previous workshops, with special attention to recent developments in technology-enabled assessment of critical thinking and problem-solving skills. In designing the workshop, the committee collapsed the five skills into three broad clusters as shown below: Cognitive skills: nonroutine problem solving, critical thinking, systems thinking Interpersonal skills: complex communication, social skills, team-work, cultural sensitivity, dealing with diversity Intrapersonal skills: self-management, time management, self-development, self-regulation, adaptability, executive functioning Assessing 21st Century Skills provides an integrated summary of the presentations and discussions from both parts of the third workshop.

Building America's Skilled Technical Workforce

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309440068
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Building America's Skilled Technical Workforce by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Building America's Skilled Technical Workforce written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-06-04 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Skilled technical occupationsâ€"defined as occupations that require a high level of knowledge in a technical domain but do not require a bachelor's degree for entryâ€"are a key component of the U.S. economy. In response to globalization and advances in science and technology, American firms are demanding workers with greater proficiency in literacy and numeracy, as well as strong interpersonal, technical, and problem-solving skills. However, employer surveys and industry and government reports have raised concerns that the nation may not have an adequate supply of skilled technical workers to achieve its competitiveness and economic growth objectives. In response to the broader need for policy information and advice, Building America's Skilled Technical Workforce examines the coverage, effectiveness, flexibility, and coordination of the policies and various programs that prepare Americans for skilled technical jobs. This report provides action-oriented recommendations for improving the American system of technical education, training, and certification.

The Changing Skill Requirements of Jobs in the U. S. Economy

Author : Russell W. Rumberger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Changing Skill Requirements of Jobs in the U. S. Economy by : Russell W. Rumberger

Download or read book The Changing Skill Requirements of Jobs in the U. S. Economy written by Russell W. Rumberger and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Occupational Change, Employer Change, and the Transferability of Skills

Author : Kathryn L. Shaw
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (128 download)

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Book Synopsis Occupational Change, Employer Change, and the Transferability of Skills by : Kathryn L. Shaw

Download or read book Occupational Change, Employer Change, and the Transferability of Skills written by Kathryn L. Shaw and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Fourth Industrial Revolution

Author : Klaus Schwab
Publisher : Currency
ISBN 13 : 1524758876
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (247 download)

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Book Synopsis The Fourth Industrial Revolution by : Klaus Schwab

Download or read book The Fourth Industrial Revolution written by Klaus Schwab and published by Currency. This book was released on 2017-01-03 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World-renowned economist Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, explains that we have an opportunity to shape the fourth industrial revolution, which will fundamentally alter how we live and work. Schwab argues that this revolution is different in scale, scope and complexity from any that have come before. Characterized by a range of new technologies that are fusing the physical, digital and biological worlds, the developments are affecting all disciplines, economies, industries and governments, and even challenging ideas about what it means to be human. Artificial intelligence is already all around us, from supercomputers, drones and virtual assistants to 3D printing, DNA sequencing, smart thermostats, wearable sensors and microchips smaller than a grain of sand. But this is just the beginning: nanomaterials 200 times stronger than steel and a million times thinner than a strand of hair and the first transplant of a 3D printed liver are already in development. Imagine “smart factories” in which global systems of manufacturing are coordinated virtually, or implantable mobile phones made of biosynthetic materials. The fourth industrial revolution, says Schwab, is more significant, and its ramifications more profound, than in any prior period of human history. He outlines the key technologies driving this revolution and discusses the major impacts expected on government, business, civil society and individuals. Schwab also offers bold ideas on how to harness these changes and shape a better future—one in which technology empowers people rather than replaces them; progress serves society rather than disrupts it; and in which innovators respect moral and ethical boundaries rather than cross them. We all have the opportunity to contribute to developing new frameworks that advance progress.

Inequality and the Labor Market

Author : Sharon Block
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815738811
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

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Book Synopsis Inequality and the Labor Market by : Sharon Block

Download or read book Inequality and the Labor Market written by Sharon Block and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2021-04-06 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring a new agenda to improve outcomes for American workers As the United States continues to struggle with the impact of the devastating COVID-19 recession, policymakers have an opportunity to redress the competition problems in our labor markets. Making the right policy choices, however, requires a deep understanding of long-term, multidimensional problems. That will be solved only by looking to the failures and unrealized opportunities in anti-trust and labor law. For decades, competition in the U.S. labor market has declined, with the result that American workers have experienced slow wage growth and diminishing job quality. While sluggish productivity growth, rising globalization, and declining union representation are traditionally cited as factors for this historic imbalance in economic power, weak competition in the labor market is increasingly being recognized as a factor as well. This book by noted experts frames the legal and economic consequences of this imbalance and presents a series of urgently needed reforms of both labor and anti-trust laws to improve outcomes for American workers. These include higher wages, safer workplaces, increased ability to report labor violations, greater mobility, more opportunities for workers to build power, and overall better labor protections. Inequality in the Labor Market will interest anyone who cares about building a progressive economic agenda or who has a marked interest in labor policy. It also will appeal to anyone hoping to influence or anticipate the much-needed progressive agenda for the United States. The book's unusual scope provides prescriptions that, as Nobel Laureate Joseph Stiglitz notes in the introduction, map a path for rebalancing power, not just in our economy but in our democracy.

Implications of Skill-biased Technological Change

Author : Eli Berman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Implications of Skill-biased Technological Change by : Eli Berman

Download or read book Implications of Skill-biased Technological Change written by Eli Berman and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demand for less skilled workers decreased dramatically in the US and in other developed countries over the past two decades. We argue that pervasive skill-biased technological change rather than increased trade with the developing world is the principal culprit. The pervasiveness of this technological change is important for two reasons. First, it is an immediate and testable implication of technological change. Second, under standard assumptions, the more pervasive the skill-biased technological change the greater the increase in the embodied supply of less skilled workers and the greater the depressing effect on their relative wages through world goods prices. In contrast, in the Heckscher-Ohlin model with small open economies, the skill-bias of local technological changes does not affect wages. Thus, pervasiveness deals with a major criticism of skill-biased technological change as a cause. Testing the implications of pervasive, skill-biased technological change we find strong supporting evidence. First, across the OECD, most industries have increased the proportion of skilled workers employed despite rising or stable relative wages. Second, increases in demand for skills were concentrated in the same manufacturing industries in different developed countries.

Occupational Change

Author : Sebastian Steffen (S.M.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Occupational Change by : Sebastian Steffen (S.M.)

Download or read book Occupational Change written by Sebastian Steffen (S.M.) and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We derive a novel occupation-industry level panel of skill demands from the near-universe of tagged online job postings in the US for the last decade (2010-2018). We use this data to study how the skill demands of occupations have changed and how these changes affect the returns to skills. Low- and medium-wage occupations' skill demands changed more than those of high-wage ones. Thus, lower-wage workers face not only higher risks of technological displacement but also increased risks of reskilling in order to stay productive. We show that routine-biased technological change (RBTC) due to automation technologies such as ML can best explain these results, while skill-biased and (endogenously) directed technological change cannot. Technical skills, such as ML, Business, Software, and Data Skills have particularly high implied market values, as do Social Skills and Creativity. These therefore represent lucrative (re-)skill investment opportunities for workers, unlike writing and non-cognitive skills. Finally, there is significant heterogeneity in industry fixed effects with the Utilities, Mining, Management and IT Industries offering much higher returns than the Food and Retail industries, even after controlling for skills.

Are Generational Categories Meaningful Distinctions for Workforce Management?

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309677327
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Are Generational Categories Meaningful Distinctions for Workforce Management? by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Are Generational Categories Meaningful Distinctions for Workforce Management? written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-11-21 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Headlines frequently appear that purport to highlight the differences among workers of different generations and explain how employers can manage the wants and needs of each generation. But is each new generation really that different from previous ones? Are there fundamental differences among generations that impact how they act and interact in the workplace? Or are the perceived differences among generations simply an indicator of age-related differences between older and younger workers or a reflection of all people adapting to a changing workplace? Are Generational Categories Meaningful Distinctions for Workforce Management? reviews the state and rigor of the empirical work related to generations and assesses whether generational categories are meaningful in tackling workforce management problems. This report makes recommendations for directions for future research and improvements to employment practices.

The Changing Nature of Work

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309065259
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis The Changing Nature of Work by : National Research Council

Download or read book The Changing Nature of Work written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-10-07 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although there is great debate about how work is changing, there is a clear consensus that changes are fundamental and ongoing. The Changing Nature of Work examines the evidence for change in the world of work. The committee provides a clearly illustrated framework for understanding changes in work and these implications for analyzing the structure of occupations in both the civilian and military sectors. This volume explores the increasing demographic diversity of the workforce, the fluidity of boundaries between lines of work, the interdependent choices for how work is structured-and ultimately, the need for an integrated systematic approach to understanding how work is changing. The book offers a rich array of data and highlighted examples on: Markets, technology, and many other external conditions affecting the nature of work. Research findings on American workers and how they feel about work. Downsizing and the trend toward flatter organizational hierarchies. Autonomy, complexity, and other aspects of work structure. The committee reviews the evolution of occupational analysis and examines the effectiveness of the latest systems in characterizing current and projected changes in civilian and military work. The occupational structure and changing work requirements in the Army are presented as a case study.

OECD Skills Outlook 2019 Thriving in a Digital World

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264776184
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (647 download)

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Book Synopsis OECD Skills Outlook 2019 Thriving in a Digital World by : OECD

Download or read book OECD Skills Outlook 2019 Thriving in a Digital World written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2019-05-09 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economies and societies are undergoing digital transformations that bring both opportunities and challenges and countries’ preparedness to seize the benefits of a digital world is largely dependent on the skills of their population.

Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Better Use of Skills in the Workplace Why It Matters for Productivity and Local Jobs

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264281398
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (642 download)

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Book Synopsis Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Better Use of Skills in the Workplace Why It Matters for Productivity and Local Jobs by : OECD

Download or read book Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Better Use of Skills in the Workplace Why It Matters for Productivity and Local Jobs written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-02 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This joint OECD-ILO report provides a comparative analysis of case studies focusing on improving skills use in the workplace across eight countries.

The Race between Education and Technology

Author : Claudia Goldin
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674037731
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis The Race between Education and Technology by : Claudia Goldin

Download or read book The Race between Education and Technology written by Claudia Goldin and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a careful historical analysis of the co-evolution of educational attainment and the wage structure in the United States through the twentieth century. The authors propose that the twentieth century was not only the American Century but also the Human Capital Century. That is, the American educational system is what made America the richest nation in the world. Its educational system had always been less elite than that of most European nations. By 1900 the U.S. had begun to educate its masses at the secondary level, not just in the primary schools that had remarkable success in the nineteenth century. The book argues that technological change, education, and inequality have been involved in a kind of race. During the first eight decades of the twentieth century, the increase of educated workers was higher than the demand for them. This had the effect of boosting income for most people and lowering inequality. However, the reverse has been true since about 1980. This educational slowdown was accompanied by rising inequality. The authors discuss the complex reasons for this, and what might be done to ameliorate it.

Education, Skills, and Technical Change

Author : Charles R. Hulten
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022656794X
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (265 download)

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Book Synopsis Education, Skills, and Technical Change by : Charles R. Hulten

Download or read book Education, Skills, and Technical Change written by Charles R. Hulten and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2019-01-11 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past few decades, US business and industry have been transformed by the advances and redundancies produced by the knowledge economy. The workplace has changed, and much of the work differs from that performed by previous generations. Can human capital accumulation in the United States keep pace with the evolving demands placed on it, and how can the workforce of tomorrow acquire the skills and competencies that are most in demand? Education, Skills, and Technical Change explores various facets of these questions and provides an overview of educational attainment in the United States and the channels through which labor force skills and education affect GDP growth. Contributors to this volume focus on a range of educational and training institutions and bring new data to bear on how we understand the role of college and vocational education and the size and nature of the skills gap. This work links a range of research areas—such as growth accounting, skill development, higher education, and immigration—and also examines how well students are being prepared for the current and future world of work.