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Sistemas Fotovoltaicos
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Download or read book Solar Energy written by Robert Foster and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-08-18 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on the authors' extensive research and project implementation around the globe, Solar Energy: Renewable Energy and the Environment covers solar energy resources, thermal and photovoltaic systems, and the economics involved in using solar energy. It provides background theory on solar energy as well as useful technical information for implem
Book Synopsis Energía solar fotovoltaica para todos 2ed by : Pedro García Martín
Download or read book Energía solar fotovoltaica para todos 2ed written by Pedro García Martín and published by Marcombo. This book was released on 2022-01-18 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ahorrar dinero en la factura de la electricidad, mejorar el medio ambiente y ser autosuficientes hasta el punto de olvidar por completo a las compañías eléctricas puede parecer algo inalcanzable. No obstante, gracias a los contenidos de este libro y la app Android que lo acompaña para el diseño y la instalación de sistemas de energía solar fotovoltaica, está más cerca que nunca de conseguirlo. Tanto si quiere dedicarse profesionalmente al diseño y la instalación de sistemas de energía solar fotovoltaica como hacer un uso personal de esa tecnología, con este manual tomará una posición aventajada ante el gran desarrollo que va a experimentar el sector en los próximos años. Este libro se lo pone fácil: sus 54 casos prácticos van desde planteamientos sencillos hasta instalaciones complejas, con equipamientos y detalles reales, y se acompañan con más de 200 ilustraciones, esquemas y circuitos. Además, incluye la app Android SOLARPE PRO, que facilita el diseño y la instalación de sistemas de energía solar fotovoltaica, pues realiza todos los cálculos matemáticos y selecciona las características de los componentes del sistema. SOLARPE PRO ha sido reconocida por el MIT (Instituto Tecnológico de Massachusetts) como la aplicación más innovadora en junio de 2016. También ha sido galardonada con el Premio SIMO Educación 2016 y con el Premio Francisco Giner de los Ríos en 2018. La versión actual de SOLARPE PRO, que se facilita en este libro, incorpora nuevas funciones que la convierten en la herramienta definitiva para el diseño y la puesta en práctica de instalaciones fotovoltaicas. Mediante SOLARPE PRO y con la ayuda de este libro: · Conectará con la base de datos de la NASA para verificar los parámetros del lugar de la instalación. · Conocerá la inclinación de los paneles para un uso más eficiente del sistema. · Medirá la inclinación de los paneles solares y los orientará según la dirección óptima. · Determinará la distancia entre paneles para evitar sombras. · Calculará los parámetros de todos los componentes y conductores en función de las cargas y de los días de autonomía, para los Sistemas Aislados, OFF GRID. · Realizará una estimación de la energía generada en función de los paneles, para los Sistemas Conectados a Red, ON GRID. La energía solar va a experimentar un importante desarrollo en los próximos años. Ahora las instalaciones fotovoltaicas se encuentran al alcance de todos. Hágase con este libro y la app SOLARPE PRO que lo acompaña, y consiga resultados eficientes en sus diseños e instalaciones.
Book Synopsis Apuntes sobre la energía fotovoltaica by : Fernando Rodríguez Mas
Download or read book Apuntes sobre la energía fotovoltaica written by Fernando Rodríguez Mas and published by Universidad Miguel Hernández. This book was released on with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: El presente libro realiza una aproximación a los conocimientos necesarios para comprender y diseñar una instalación solar fotovoltaica, ya sea un sistema conectado a la red de distribución o aislado a la misma. Después de una breve introducción histórica sobre la energía fotovoltaica, el libro trata las áreas necesarias para un correcto dimensionamiento de una instalación. Como, por ejemplo, en el capítulo radiación solar se estudia el espectro solar y la geometría Tierra –Sol, además de las posibles pérdidas que estos dos factores pueden originar, las conocidas como pérdidas por orientación e inclinación y las pérdidas por sombras. En el libro también existe un capítulo donde se estudia el fenómeno físico que origina la conversión de la potencia solar a potencia eléctrica y el dispositivo donde se lleva a cabo la conversión, la célula solar. El libro termina explicando las consideraciones que se debe tener para la fabricación de células solares y como se debe de realizar un dimensionado de las instalaciones fotovoltaicas, tanto aisladas como conectadas a la red.
Author : Publisher :Editorial Ink ISBN 13 : Total Pages :287 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Download or read book written by and published by Editorial Ink. This book was released on with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sun Tracker, Automatic Solar- Tracking, Sun- Tracking Systems, Solar Trackers and Automatic Sun Tracker Systems 太陽能跟踪 Солнечная слежения by : Gerro Prinsloo
Download or read book Sun Tracker, Automatic Solar- Tracking, Sun- Tracking Systems, Solar Trackers and Automatic Sun Tracker Systems 太陽能跟踪 Солнечная слежения written by Gerro Prinsloo and published by Gerro Prinsloo. This book was released on 2014-10-12 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book details Solar-Tracking, Automatic Sun-Tracking-Systems and Solar-Trackers. Book and literature review is ideal for sun and moon tracking in solar applications for sun-rich countries such as the USA, Spain, Portugal, Mediterranean, Italy, Greece, Mexico, Portugal, China, India, Brazil, Chili, Argentina, South America, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Middle East, Iran, Iraq, etc. A solar tracker is a device that orients a payload toward the sun. Like a satellite tracker or moon tracker, it tracks the celestial object in the sky on its orbital path of apparent movement. A programmable computer based solar tracking device includes principles of solar tracking, solar tracking systems, as well as microcontroller, microprocessor and/or PC based solar tracking control to orientate solar reflectors, solar lenses, photovoltaic panels or other optical configurations towards the sun. Motorized space frames and kinematic systems ensure motion dynamics and employ drive technology and gearing principles to steer optical configurations such as mangin, parabolic, conic, or cassegrain solar energy collectors to face the sun and follow the sun movement contour continuously. In harnessing power from the sun through a solar tracker or practical solar tracking system, renewable energy control automation systems require automatic solar tracking software and solar position algorithms to accomplish dynamic motion control with control automation architecture, circuit boards and hardware. On-axis sun tracking system such as the altitude-azimuth dual axis or multi-axis solar tracker systems use a sun tracking algorithm or ray tracing sensors or software to ensure the sun's passage through the sky is traced with high precision in automated solar tracker applications, right through summer solstice, solar equinox and winter solstice. From sun tracing software perspective, the sonnet Tracing The Sun has a literal meaning. Within the context of sun track and trace, this book explains that the sun's daily path across the sky is directed by relatively simple principles, and if grasped/understood, then it is relatively easy to trace the sun with sun following software. Sun position computer software for tracing the sun are available as open source code, sources that is listed in this book. Ironically there was even a system called sun chaser, said to have been a solar positioner system known for chasing the sun throughout the day. Using solar equations in an electronic circuit for solar tracking is quite simple, even if you are a novice, but mathematical solar equations are over complicated by academic experts and professors in text-books, journal articles and internet websites. In terms of solar hobbies, scholars, students and Hobbyist's looking at solar tracking electronics or PC programs for solar tracking are usually overcome by the sheer volume of scientific material and internet resources, which leaves many developers in frustration when search for simple experimental solar tracking source-code for their on-axis sun-tracking systems. This booklet will simplify the search for the mystical sun tracking formulas for your sun tracker innovation and help you develop your own autonomous solar tracking controller. By directing the solar collector directly into the sun, a solar harvesting means or device can harness sunlight or thermal heat. This is achieved with the help of sun angle formulas, solar angle formulas or solar tracking procedures for the calculation of sun's position in the sky. Automatic sun tracking system software includes algorithms for solar altitude azimuth angle calculations required in following the sun across the sky. In using the longitude, latitude GPS coordinates of the solar tracker location, these sun tracking software tools supports precision solar tracking by determining the solar altitude-azimuth coordinates for the sun trajectory in altitude-azimuth tracking at the tracker location, using certain sun angle formulas in sun vector calculations. Instead of follow the sun software, a sun tracking sensor such as a sun sensor or webcam or video camera with vision based sun following image processing software can also be used to determine the position of the sun optically. Such optical feedback devices are often used in solar panel tracking systems and dish tracking systems. Dynamic sun tracing is also used in solar surveying, DNI analyser and sun surveying systems that build solar infographics maps with solar radiance, irradiance and DNI models for GIS (geographical information system). In this way geospatial methods on solar/environment interaction makes use use of geospatial technologies (GIS, Remote Sensing, and Cartography).Climatic data and weather station or weather center data, as well as queries from sky servers and solar resource database systems (i.e. on DB2, Sybase, Oracle, SQL, MySQL) may also be associated with solar GIS maps. In such solar resource modelling systems, a pyranometer or solarimeter is normally used in addition to measure direct and indirect, scattered, dispersed, reflective radiation for a particular geographical location. Sunlight analysis is important in flash photography where photographic lighting are important for photographers. GIS systems are used by architects who add sun shadow applets to study architectural shading or sun shadow analysis, solar flux calculations, optical modelling or to perform weather modelling. Such systems often employ a computer operated telescope type mechanism with ray tracing program software as a solar navigator or sun tracer that determines the solar position and intensity. The purpose of this booklet is to assist developers to track and trace suitable source-code and solar tracking algorithms for their application, whether a hobbyist, scientist, technician or engineer. Many open-source sun following and tracking algorithms and source-code for solar tracking programs and modules are freely available to download on the internet today. Certain proprietary solar tracker kits and solar tracking controllers include a software development kit SDK for its application programming interface API attributes (Pebble). Widget libraries, widget toolkits, GUI toolkit and UX libraries with graphical control elements are also available to construct the graphical user interface (GUI) for your solar tracking or solar power monitoring program. The solar library used by solar position calculators, solar simulation software and solar contour calculators include machine program code for the solar hardware controller which are software programmed into Micro-controllers, Programmable Logic Controllers PLC, programmable gate arrays, Arduino processor or PIC processor. PC based solar tracking is also high in demand using C++, Visual Basic VB, as well as MS Windows, Linux and Apple Mac based operating systems for sun path tables on Matlab, Excel. Some books and internet webpages use other terms, such as: sun angle calculator, sun position calculator or solar angle calculator. As said, such software code calculate the solar azimuth angle, solar altitude angle, solar elevation angle or the solar Zenith angle (Zenith solar angle is simply referenced from vertical plane, the mirror of the elevation angle measured from the horizontal or ground plane level). Similar software code is also used in solar calculator apps or the solar power calculator apps for IOS and Android smartphone devices. Most of these smartphone solar mobile apps show the sun path and sun-angles for any location and date over a 24 hour period. Some smartphones include augmented reality features in which you can physically see and look at the solar path through your cell phone camera or mobile phone camera at your phone's specific GPS location. In the computer programming and digital signal processing (DSP) environment, (free/open source) program code are available for VB, .Net, Delphi, Python, C, C+, C++, Swift, ADM, F, Flash, Basic, QBasic, GBasic, KBasic, SIMPL language, Squirrel, Solaris, Assembly language on operating systems such as MS Windows, Apple Mac, DOS or Linux OS. Software algorithms predicting position of the sun in the sky are commonly available as graphical programming platforms such as Matlab (Mathworks), Simulink models, Java applets, TRNSYS simulations, Scada system apps, Labview module, Beckhoff TwinCAT (Visual Studio), Siemens SPA, mobile and iphone apps, Android or iOS tablet apps, and so forth. At the same time, PLC software code for a range of sun tracking automation technology can follow the profile of sun in sky for Siemens, HP, Panasonic, ABB, Allan Bradley, OMRON, SEW, Festo, Beckhoff, Rockwell, Schneider, Endress Hauser, Fudji electric. Honeywell, Fuchs, Yokonawa, or Muthibishi platforms. Sun path projection software are also available for a range of modular IPC embedded PC motherboards, Industrial PC, PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and PAC (Programmable Automation Controller) such as the Siemens S7-1200 or Siemens Logo, Beckhoff IPC or CX series, OMRON PLC, Ercam PLC, AC500plc ABB, National Instruments NI PXI or NI cRIO, PIC processor, Intel 8051/8085, IBM (Cell, Power, Brain or Truenorth series), FPGA (Xilinx Altera Nios), Xeon, Atmel megaAVR, or Arduino AtMega microcontroller, with servo motor, stepper motor, direct current DC pulse width modulation PWM (current driver) or alternating current AC SPS or IPC variable frequency drives VFD motor drives (also termed adjustable-frequency drive, variable-speed drive, AC drive, micro drive or inverter drive) for electrical, mechatronic, pneumatic, or hydraulic solar tracking actuators. The above motion control and robot control systems include analogue or digital interfacing ports on the processors to allow for tracker angle orientation feedback control through one or a combination of angle sensor or angle encoder, shaft encoder, precision encoder, optical encoder, magnetic encoder, direction encoder, rotational encoder, chip encoder, tilt sensor, inclination sensor, or pitch sensor. Note that the tracker's elevation or zenith axis angle may measured using an altitude angle-, declination angle-, inclination angle-, pitch angle-, or vertical angle-, zenith angle- sensor or inclinometer. Similarly the tracker's azimuth axis angle be measured with a azimuth angle-, horizontal angle-, or roll angle- sensor. Chip integrated accelerometer magnetometer gyroscope type angle sensors can also be used to calculate displacement. Other options include the use of thermal imaging systems such as a Fluke thermal imager, or robotic or vision based solar tracker systems that employ face tracking, head tracking, hand tracking, eye tracking and car tracking principles in solar tracking. With unattended decentralised rural, island, isolated, or autonomous off-grid power installations, remote control, monitoring, data acquisition, digital datalogging and online measurement and verification equipment becomes crucial. It assists the operator with supervisory control to monitor the efficiency of remote renewable energy resources and systems and provide valuable web-based feedback in terms of CO2 and clean development mechanism (CDM) reporting. A power quality analyser for diagnostics through internet, WiFi and cellular mobile links is most valuable in frontline troubleshooting and predictive maintenance, where quick diagnostic analysis is required to detect and prevent power quality issues. Solar tracker applications cover a wide spectrum of solar energy and concentrated solar devices, including solar power generation, solar desalination, solar water purification, solar steam generation, solar electricity generation, solar industrial process heat, solar thermal heat storage, solar food dryers, solar water pumping, hydrogen production from methane or producing hydrogen and oxygen from water (HHO) through electrolysis. Many patented or non-patented solar apparatus include tracking in solar apparatus for solar electric generator, solar desalinator, solar steam engine, solar ice maker, solar water purifier, solar cooling, solar refrigeration, USB solar charger, solar phone charging, portable solar charging tracker, solar coffee brewing, solar cooking or solar dying means. Your project may be the next breakthrough or patent, but your invention is held back by frustration in search for the sun tracker you require for your solar powered appliance, solar generator, solar tracker robot, solar freezer, solar cooker, solar drier, solar pump, solar freezer, or solar dryer project. Whether your solar electronic circuit diagram include a simplified solar controller design in a solar electricity project, solar power kit, solar hobby kit, solar steam generator, solar hot water system, solar ice maker, solar desalinator, hobbyist solar panels, hobby robot, or if you are developing professional or hobby electronics for a solar utility or micro scale solar powerplant for your own solar farm or solar farming, this publication may help accelerate the development of your solar tracking innovation. Lately, solar polygeneration, solar trigeneration (solar triple generation), and solar quad generation (adding delivery of steam, liquid/gaseous fuel, or capture food-grade CO$_2$) systems have need for automatic solar tracking. These systems are known for significant efficiency increases in energy yield as a result of the integration and re-use of waste or residual heat and are suitable for compact packaged micro solar powerplants that could be manufactured and transported in kit-form and operate on a plug-and play basis. Typical hybrid solar power systems include compact or packaged solar micro combined heat and power (CHP or mCHP) or solar micro combined, cooling, heating and power (CCHP, CHPC, mCCHP, or mCHPC) systems used in distributed power generation. These systems are often combined in concentrated solar CSP and CPV smart microgrid configurations for off-grid rural, island or isolated microgrid, minigrid and distributed power renewable energy systems. Solar tracking algorithms are also used in modelling of trigeneration systems using Matlab and Simulink platform as well as in automation and control of renewable energy systems through intelligent parsing, multi-objective, adaptive learning control and control optimization strategies. Solar tracking algorithms also find application in developing solar models for country or location specific solar studies, for example in terms of measuring or analysis of the fluctuations of the solar radiation (i.e. direct and diffuse radiation) in a particular area. Solar DNI, solar irradiance and atmospheric information and models can thus be integrated into a solar map, solar atlas or geographical information systems (GIS). Such models allows for defining local parameters for specific regions that may be valuable in terms of the evaluation of different solar in photovoltaic of CSP systems on simulation and synthesis platforms such as Matlab and Simulink or in linear or multi-objective optimization algorithm platforms such as COMPOSE, EnergyPLAN or DER-CAM. A dual-axis solar tracker and single-axis solar tracker may use a sun tracker program or sun tracker algorithm to position a solar dish, solar panel array, heliostat array, PV panel, solar antenna or infrared solar nantenna. A self-tracking solar concentrator performs automatic solar tracking by computing the solar vector. Solar position algorithms (TwinCAT, SPA, or PSA Algorithms) use an astronomical algorithm to calculate the position of the sun. It uses astronomical software algorithms and equations for solar tracking in the calculation of sun's position in the sky for each location on the earth at any time of day. Like an optical solar telescope, the solar position algorithm pin-points the solar reflector at the sun and locks onto the sun's position to track the sun across the sky as the sun progresses throughout the day. Optical sensors such as photodiodes, light-dependant-resistors (LDR) or photoresistors are used as optical accuracy feedback devices. Lately we also included a section in the book (with links to microprocessor code) on how the PixArt Wii infrared camera in the Wii remote or Wiimote may be used in infrared solar tracking applications. In order to harvest free energy from the sun, some automatic solar positioning systems use an optical means to direct the solar tracking device. These solar tracking strategies use optical tracking techniques, such as a sun sensor means, to direct sun rays onto a silicon or CMOS substrate to determine the X and Y coordinates of the sun's position. In a solar mems sun-sensor device, incident sunlight enters the sun sensor through a small pin-hole in a mask plate where light is exposed to a silicon substrate. In a web-camera or camera image processing sun tracking and sun following means, object tracking software performs multi object tracking or moving object tracking methods. In an solar object tracking technique, image processing software performs mathematical processing to box the outline of the apparent solar disc or sun blob within the captured image frame, while sun-localization is performed with an edge detection algorithm to determine the solar vector coordinates. An automated positioning system help maximize the yields of solar power plants through solar tracking control to harness sun's energy. In such renewable energy systems, the solar panel positioning system uses a sun tracking techniques and a solar angle calculator in positioning PV panels in photovoltaic systems and concentrated photovoltaic CPV systems. Automatic on-axis solar tracking in a PV solar tracking system can be dual-axis sun tracking or single-axis sun solar tracking. It is known that a motorized positioning system in a photovoltaic panel tracker increase energy yield and ensures increased power output, even in a single axis solar tracking configuration. Other applications such as robotic solar tracker or robotic solar tracking system uses robotica with artificial intelligence in the control optimization of energy yield in solar harvesting through a robotic tracking system. Automatic positioning systems in solar tracking designs are also used in other free energy generators, such as concentrated solar thermal power CSP and dish Stirling systems. The sun tracking device in a solar collector in a solar concentrator or solar collector Such a performs on-axis solar tracking, a dual axis solar tracker assists to harness energy from the sun through an optical solar collector, which can be a parabolic mirror, parabolic reflector, Fresnel lens or mirror array/matrix. A parabolic dish or reflector is dynamically steered using a transmission system or solar tracking slew drive mean. In steering the dish to face the sun, the power dish actuator and actuation means in a parabolic dish system optically focusses the sun's energy on the focal point of a parabolic dish or solar concentrating means. A Stirling engine, solar heat pipe, thermosyphin, solar phase change material PCM receiver, or a fibre optic sunlight receiver means is located at the focal point of the solar concentrator. The dish Stirling engine configuration is referred to as a dish Stirling system or Stirling power generation system. Hybrid solar power systems (used in combination with biogas, biofuel, petrol, ethanol, diesel, natural gas or PNG) use a combination of power sources to harness and store solar energy in a storage medium. Any multitude of energy sources can be combined through the use of controllers and the energy stored in batteries, phase change material, thermal heat storage, and in cogeneration form converted to the required power using thermodynamic cycles (organic Rankin, Brayton cycle, micro turbine, Stirling) with an inverter and charge controller. 这本书详细介绍了全自动太阳能跟踪,太阳跟踪系统的出现,太阳能跟踪器和太阳跟踪系统。智能全自动太阳能跟踪器是定向向着太阳的有效载荷设备。这种可编程计算机的太阳能跟踪装置,包括太阳跟踪,太阳能跟踪系统,以及微控制器,微处理器和/或基于PC机的太阳跟踪控制,以定向太阳能反射器,太阳透镜,光电板或其他光学配置朝向太阳的原理。机动空间框架和运动系统,确保运动动力学和采用的驱动技术和传动原理引导光学配置,如曼金,抛物线,圆锥曲线,或卡塞格林式太阳能集热器面向太阳,不断跟随太阳运动的轮廓。 从阳光透过太阳能跟踪器或实用的太阳能跟踪系统利用电力,可再生能源控制的自动化系统需要自动太阳跟踪软件和太阳位置算法来实现控制与自动化架构,电路板和硬件的动态运动控制。上轴太阳跟踪系统,如高度,方位角双轴或多轴太阳跟踪系统使用太阳跟踪算法或光线追踪传感器或软件,以确保通过天空中太阳的通道被跟踪的高精度的自动太阳跟踪器的应用,通过正确的夏至,春分太阳和冬至。一种高精度太阳位置计算器或太阳位置算法是这样的自动太阳能跟踪系统的设计和施工中的重要一步。 В этой книге подробно Автоматическая Solar-Tracking, ВС-Tracking-Systems, Solar-трекеры и ВС Tracker Systems. Интеллектуальный автоматический солнечной слежения является устройством, которое ориентирует полезную нагрузку к солнцу. Такое программируемый компьютер на основе солнечной устройство слежения включает принципы солнечной слежения, солнечных систем слежения, а также микроконтроллер, микропроцессор и / или ПК на базе управления солнечной отслеживания ориентироваться солнечных отражателей, солнечные линзы, фотоэлектрические панели или другие оптические конфигурации к ВС Моторизованные космические кадры и кинематические системы обеспечения динамики движения и использовать приводной техники и готовится принципы, чтобы направить оптические конфигурации, такие как Манжен, параболических, конических или Кассегрена солнечных коллекторов энергии, чтобы лицом к солнцу и следовать за солнцем контур движения непрерывно. В обуздывать силу от солнца через солнечный трекер или практической солнечной системы слежения, системы возобновляемых контроля энергии автоматизации требуют автоматического солнечной отслеживания программного обеспечения и алгоритмов солнечные позиции для достижения динамического контроля движения с архитектуры автоматизации управления, печатных плат и аппаратных средств. На оси системы слежения ВС, таких как высота-азимут двойной оси или многоосевые солнечные системы трекер использовать алгоритм отслеживания солнце или трассировки лучей датчиков или программное обеспечение, чтобы обеспечить прохождение солнца по небу прослеживается с высокой точностью в автоматизированных приложений Солнечная Tracker , прямо через летнего солнцестояния, солнечного равноденствия и зимнего солнцестояния.Высокая точность позиции ВС калькулятор или положение солнца алгоритм это важный шаг в проектировании и строительстве автоматической системой солнечной слежения.
Book Synopsis Solar Cells and Their Applications by : Lewis M. Fraas
Download or read book Solar Cells and Their Applications written by Lewis M. Fraas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-10-29 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major update of solar cell technology and the solar marketplace Since the first publication of this important volume over a decade ago, dramatic changes have taken place with the solar market growing almost 100-fold and the U.S. moving from first to fourth place in the world market as analyzed in this Second Edition. Three bold new opportunities are identified for any countries wanting to improve market position. The first is combining pin solar cells with 3X concentration to achieve economic competitiveness near term. The second is charging battery-powered cars with solar cell generated electricity from arrays in surrounding areas including the car owners' homes while simultaneously reducing their home electricity bills by over ninety percent. The third is formation of economic "unions" of sufficient combined economic size to be major competitors. In this updated edition, feed-in tariffs are identified as the most effective approach for public policy. Reasons are provided to explain why pin solar cells outperform more traditional pn solar cells. Field test data are reported for nineteen percent pin solar cells and for ~500X concentrating systems with bare cell efficiencies approaching forty percent. Paths to bare cell efficiencies over fifty percent are described, and key missing program elements are identified. Since government support is needed for new technology prototype integration and qualification testing before manufacturing scale up, the key economic measure is identified in this volume as the electricity cost in cents per kilowatt-hour at the complete installed system level, rather than just the up-front solar cell modules' costs in dollars per watt. This Second Edition will benefit technologists in the fields of solar cells and systems; solar cell researchers; power systems designers; academics studying microelectronics, semiconductors, and solar cells; business students and investors with a technical focus; and government and political officials developing public policy.
Book Synopsis Energía Solar Autónoma by : Oliver Style
Download or read book Energía Solar Autónoma written by Oliver Style and published by Oliver Style. This book was released on 2012-05-22 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ¿Qué es y cómo funciona una instalación fotovoltaica autónoma? ¿Cuantos módulos voy a necesitar? ¿Que baterías son mejores? Este libro te da respuestas, ofreciéndote las herramientas para planificar, dimensionar e instalar un sistema fotovoltaico autónomo. Incluye lo imprescindible para facilitar el aprendizaje y acometer un proyecto con éxito, con abundantes ilustraciones y ejemplos de cálculo. Aprenderás a identificar los principales elementos de una instalación, seleccionar los equipos más adecuados, y dimensionar un sistema de baja potencia. Encontrarás lo que necesitas saber acerca de la instalación, la gestión y el mantenimiento, garantizando que el sistema tenga una larga vida útil.
Book Synopsis Diseño de sistemas fotovoltaicos asistido por computador by : Michell Paulina Restrepo Segura
Download or read book Diseño de sistemas fotovoltaicos asistido por computador written by Michell Paulina Restrepo Segura and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resumen: En este proyecto de grado, se estudió los factores que influyen en el diseño de sistemas fotovoltaicos autónomos, y la creación de un software que diseña estos sistemas. Para la creación del software se necesitó entender muy bien cada factor, parámetro y elemento que determinan a estos sistemas, y comprender en su totalidad como es su paso a paso en el diseño. Para comprender todo el contexto de la energía solar fotovoltaica, se profundizo en temas como: la energía solar, cálculo de la radiación solar incidente en superficies inclinadas (métodos matemáticos), conversión de la energía solar a energía eléctrica, elementos que componen un sistema fotovoltaico autónomo, diseño de sistemas fotovoltaicos autónomos, y análisis financiero para tener una idea del costo de un proyecto de energía fotovoltaica. Además de investigar estos temas se realizó una recopilación de datos para la elaboración de bases de datos de radiación solar, paneles solares, baterías e inversores necesarios para las funciones del software...
Book Synopsis Energía solar fotovoltaica by : Marcelo Romero Tous
Download or read book Energía solar fotovoltaica written by Marcelo Romero Tous and published by Grupo Planeta (GBS). This book was released on 2010-03-16 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pese al difícil contexto económico y la controvertida regulación de la producción de las energías llamadas sostenibles, las características geoclimáticas de España convierten a nuestro país en un candidato ideal a desarrollar el gran potencial de la energía solar fotovoltaica. En este libro se explican en profundidad los conceptos técnológicos, sectoriales, legales y de consumo de este tipo de energía.
Book Synopsis Sistemas fotovoltaicos by : Ángel Antonio Bayod Rújula
Download or read book Sistemas fotovoltaicos written by Ángel Antonio Bayod Rújula and published by . This book was released on 2009-03 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: El objetivo de esta obra es servir de introducción al estudio de los sistemas fotovoltaicos, proporcionando al lector los conocimientos esenciales para el diseño de instalaciones solares fotovoltaicas aisladas o conectadas a la red eléctrica. Se estudian los distintos subsistemas y elementos presentes en una instalación fotovoltaica, métodos de dimensionamiento y ciertos aspectos legales y administrativos relacionados con la producción de energía eléctrica mediante energía solar fotovoltaica en España. También se expone la situación del sector en la actualidad.
Book Synopsis Energía solar fotovoltaica para todos by : Pedro Francisco Garcia Martin
Download or read book Energía solar fotovoltaica para todos written by Pedro Francisco Garcia Martin and published by Marcombo. This book was released on 2021-02-14 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ahorrar dinero en la factura de la electricidad, mejorar el medio ambiente y ser autosuficientes energéticamente hablando hasta el punto de olvidar por completo las compañías eléctricas, puede parecer algo inalcanzable. No obstante, gracias a los contenidos de este libro y la app Android que lo acompaña para el diseño y la instalación de sistemas de energía solar fotovoltaica, está más cerca que nunca de conseguirlo. Tanto si quiere orientar su profesión al diseño y la instalación de sistemas de energía solar fotovoltaica como hacer un uso personal de esa tecnología, con este manual tomará una posición aventajada ante el gran desarrollo que va a experimentar el sector en los próximos años. Este libro se lo pone fácil: sus 49 casos prácticos van desde planteamientos sencillos hasta instalaciones complejas, con equipamientos y detalles reales, y se acompañan con más de 200 ilustraciones, esquemas y circuitos. Además, incluye la app Android SOLARPE PRO, que facilita el diseño y la instalación de sistemas de energía solar fotovoltaica, pues realiza todos los cálculos matemáticos y selecciona las características de los componentes del sistema. SOLARPE PRO ha sido reconocida por el MIT (Instituto Tecnológico de Massachusetts) como aplicación más innovadora en junio de 2016. También ha sido galardonada con el Premio SIMO Educación 2016 y con el Premio Francisco Giner de los Ríos en 2018. La versión actual de SOLARPE PRO que se facilita en este libro incorpora nuevas funciones que la convierten en la herramienta definitiva para el diseño y la puesta en práctica de instalaciones fotovoltaicas. Mediante SOLARPE PRO y con la ayuda de este libro: Conectará con la base de datos de la NASA para verificar los parámetros del lugar de la instalación. Conocerá la inclinación de los paneles para un uso más eficiente del sistema. Medirá la inclinación de los paneles solares y los orientará según la dirección óptima. Determinará la distancia entre paneles para evitar sombras. Calculará los parámetros de todos los componentes y conductores en función de las cargas y de los días de autonomía para los Sistemas Aislados, OFF GRID. Realizará una estimación de la energía generada en función de los paneles para los Sistemas Conectados a Red, ON GRID. La energía solar va a experimentar un importante desarrollo en los próximos años. Ahora las instalaciones fotovoltaicas se encuentran al alcance de todos. Hágase con este libro y la app SOLARPE PRO que lo acompaña, y consiga resultados eficientes en sus diseños e instalaciones.
Book Synopsis Configuración de instalaciones solares fotovoltaicas by : CANTOS SERRANO, JULIÁN
Download or read book Configuración de instalaciones solares fotovoltaicas written by CANTOS SERRANO, JULIÁN and published by Ediciones Paraninfo, S.A.. This book was released on 2016-01-01 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Este libro desarrolla los contenidos del módulo profesional de Configuración de Instalaciones Solares Fotovoltaicas del Ciclo Formativo de grado superior de Energías Renovables, perteneciente a la familia profesional de Energía y Agua. La obra desarrolla, de una forma amena y práctica, los siguientes temas: • El potencial solar, las tablas y los datos necesarios para evaluar la radiación solar y los análisis de la orientación, la inclinación y las sombras de los módulos. • La descripción de diferentes instalaciones solares y sus componentes, sus anteproyectos y los estudios económicos y financieros. • El diseño, el cálculo y los esquemas de instalaciones fotovoltaicas, tanto aisladas como conectadas a la red. • El análisis de las estructuras soporte de instalaciones fotovoltaicas. • El cálculo de instalaciones eléctricas en viviendas y edificios. • La simbología, los esquemas y los planos que aparecen en instalaciones fotovoltaicas. • La elaboración de memorias, proyectos y presupuestos. • Los procesos de tramitación de instalaciones fotovoltaicas y la documentación necesaria. Se estructura en nueve unidades que incluyen gran número de figuras, esquemas y tablas, que clarifican los contenidos teóricos, además de variadas actividades, que permiten afianzar y poner en práctica dichos contenidos. También cuenta con notas técnicas y cuadros de información adicional. Asimismo, cada unidad ofrece al final un mapa conceptual, que permite el repaso efectivo de sus conceptos clave, y actividades finales de comprobación, de aplicación y de ampliación para un repaso global y efectivo. Además, la obra incluye unos anexos finales en los que se pueden consultar esquemas eléctricos típicos de diferentes tipos de instalaciones fotovoltaicas.
Book Synopsis The Solar Generation by : Philip R. Wolfe
Download or read book The Solar Generation written by Philip R. Wolfe and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-10 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book to address the early development of the photovoltaic industry, and the pioneering researchers and companies in the sector Well before the end of this century, solar power will be the world's dominant power source. This book looks at the origins of this smart sustainable energy technology, tracing the pioneering years from its inception following the 1973 oil crisis to the end of the last millennium—just as the sector was poised for explosive growth. It focuses on the progress of the early terrestrial photovoltaic sector, often in the face of skepticism or apathy. It also covers the research and achievements of people and organizations within the PV business. Written by a leader in the field with more than 40 years of experience and an international reputation in the sustainable energy industry, The Solar Generation: Childhood and Adolescence of Terrestrial Photovoltaics offers enlightening coverage on the terrestrial PV industry. The first part of this 3-volume set provides a historical backdrop to the technology and tracks the development of research, markets, prices, applications, policies, and more. Part II is called the ‘encyclopedia’ and features a Who’s Who of the most influential people and profiles of key companies, events, and developments. Finally, Part III is the reference section and comes complete with glossaries, bibliography, and an incredibly comprehensive index. This text also: Addresses the early development of the PV sector from a global perspective Focuses on a defined period, leaving scope for later follow-ups as the sector matures Offers a study on the interactions between technology, policy, and market drivers The Solar Generation is an ideal book for all professionals in the power and energy field from every corner of the globe.
Book Synopsis Solar Energy: Theory and Applications by : Prof. Yosry Moustafa
Download or read book Solar Energy: Theory and Applications written by Prof. Yosry Moustafa and published by Dr. Yosry Moustafa . This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the near depletion of non-renewable energy resources, human returned again to search for renewable sources, especially the sun as a clean and free energy source. In line with the global trend in optimizing the benefit of solar energy. This book aims to:- study solar energy as an important source of renewable energy, highlight its various applications, help the students of engineering and basic science colleges as well as all how interested in solar energy. This book contains 12 chapters dealing with the concepts of solar energy, solar radiation, as well as the physics of solar cells and their various types which based on amorphous- and crystalline-silicon, thin films ones. The book also highlighted various types of PV systems, condensation and aggregation solar thermal techniques, as well as energy storage technologies using photoelectrochemical cells.
Book Synopsis Sun Tracking and Solar Renewable Energy Harvesting by : Gerro Prinsloo
Download or read book Sun Tracking and Solar Renewable Energy Harvesting written by Gerro Prinsloo and published by Gerro Prinsloo. This book was released on 2015-11-02 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Free to download eBook on Practical Solar Tracking Design, Solar Tracking, Sun Tracking, Sun Tracker, Solar Tracker, Follow Sun, Sun Position calculation (Azimuth, Elevation, Zenith), Sun following, Sunrise, Sunset, Moon-phase, Moonrise, Moonset calculators. In harnessing power from the sun through a solar tracker or solar tracking system, renewable energy system developers require automatic solar tracking software and solar position algorithms. On-axis sun tracking system such as the altitude-azimuth dual axis or multi-axis solar tracker systems use a sun tracking algorithm or ray tracing sensors or software to ensure the sun's passage through the sky is traced with high precision in automated solar tracker applications, right through summer solstice, solar equinox and winter solstice. Eco Friendly and Environmentally Sustainable Micro Combined Solar Heat and Power (m-CHP, m-CCHP, m-CHCP) with Microgrid Storage and Layered Smartgrid Control towards Supplying Off-Grid Rural Villages in developing BRICS countries such as Africa, India, China and Brazil. Off-grid rural villages and isolated islands areas require mCHP and trigeneration solar power plants and associated isolated smart microgrid solutions to serve the community energy needs. This article describes the development progress for such a system, also referred to as solar polygeneration. The system includes a sun tracker mechanism wherin a parabolic dish or lenses are guided by a light sensitive mechanique in a way that the solar receiver is always at right angle to the solar radiation. Solar thermal energy is then either converted into electrical energy through a free piston Stirling, or stored in a thermal storage container. The project includes the thermodynamic modeling of the plant in Matlab Simulink as well as the development of an intelligent control approach that includes smart microgrid distribution and optimization. The book includes aspects in the simulation and optimization of stand-alone hybrid renewable energy systems and co-generation in isolated or islanded microgrids. It focusses on the stepwise development of a hybrid solar driven micro combined cooling heating and power (mCCHP) compact trigeneration polygeneration and thermal energy storage (TES) system with intelligent weather prediction, weak-ahead scheduling (time horizon), and look-ahead dispatch on integrated smart microgrid distribution principles. The solar harvesting and solar thermodynamic system includes an automatic sun tracking platform based on a PLC controlled mechatronic sun tracking system that follows the sun progressing across the sky. An intelligent energy management and adaptive learning control optimization approach is proposed for autonomous off-grid remote power applications, both for thermodynamic optimization and smart micro-grid optimization for distributed energy resources (DER). The correct resolution of this load-following multi objective optimization problem is a complex task because of the high number and multi-dimensional variables, the cross-correlation and interdependency between the energy streams as well as the non-linearity in the performance of some of the system components. Exergy-based control approaches for smartgrid topologies are considered in terms of the intelligence behind the safe and reliable operation of a microgrid in an automated system that can manage energy flow in electrical as well as thermal energy systems. The standalone micro-grid solution would be suitable for a rural village, intelligent building, district energy system, campus power, shopping mall centre, isolated network, eco estate or remote island application setting where self-generation and decentralized energy system concepts play a role. Discrete digital simulation models for the thermodynamic and active demand side management systems with digital smartgrid control unit to optimize the system energy management is currently under development. Parametric simulation models for this trigeneration system (polygeneration, poligeneration, quadgeneration) are developed on the Matlab Simulink and TrnSys platforms. In terms of model predictive coding strategies, the automation controller will perform multi-objective cost optimization for energy management on a microgrid level by managing the generation and storage of electrical, heat and cooling energies in layers. Each layer has its own set of smart microgrid priorities associated with user demand side cycle predictions. Mixed Integer Linear Programming and Neural network algorithms are being modeled to perform Multi Objective Control optimization as potential optimization and adaptive learning techniques.
Book Synopsis Instalaciones de energía fotovoltaica : cómo rentabilizar la energía solar by : Lorena García Díaz
Download or read book Instalaciones de energía fotovoltaica : cómo rentabilizar la energía solar written by Lorena García Díaz and published by . This book was released on 2010-04 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Solar Hydrogen Production by : Francesco Calise
Download or read book Solar Hydrogen Production written by Francesco Calise and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-08-15 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar Hydrogen Production: Processes, Systems and Technologies presents the most recent developments in solar-driven hydrogen generation methods. The book covers different hydrogen production routes, from renewable sources, to solar harvesting technologies. Sections focus on solar energy, presenting the main thermal and electrical technologies suitable for possible integration into solar-based hydrogen production systems and present a thorough examination of solar hydrogen technologies, ranging from solar-driven water electrolysis and solar thermal methods, to photo-catalytic and biological processes. All hydrogen-based technologies are covered, including data regarding the state-of-the art of each process in terms of costs, efficiency, measured parameters, experimental analyses, and demonstration projects. In the last part of the book, the role of hydrogen in the integration of renewable sources in electric grids, transportation sector, and end-user applications is assessed, considering their current status and future perspectives. The book includes performance data, tables, models and references to available standards. It is thus a key-resource for engineering researchers and scientists, in both academic and industrial contexts, involved in designing, planning and developing solar hydrogen systems. Offers a comprehensive overview of conventional and advanced solar hydrogen technologies, including simulation models, cost figures, R&D projects, demonstration projects, test standards, and safety and handling issues Encompasses, in a single volume, information on solar energy and hydrogen systems Includes detailed economic data on each technology for feasibility assessment of different systems