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Sir Claude Macdonald The Open Door And British Informal Empire In China 1895 1900
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Book Synopsis Sir Claude MacDonald, the Open Door, and British Informal Empire in China, 1895-1900 by : Mary H. Wilgus
Download or read book Sir Claude MacDonald, the Open Door, and British Informal Empire in China, 1895-1900 written by Mary H. Wilgus and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1987. Great Britain secured and expanded its informal empire in China during the five years following the Sino-Japanese War. From 1895 through 1900 Lord Salisbury accepted England’s traditional, commercially oriented China policy and adapted it to dramatically altered political conditions in East Asia. Through the efforts of Sir Claude MacDonald, Britain met the commercial and political challenges of its European competitors and implemented the "open door," a strong but maligned policy. With the assistance of Britain’s indigenous collaborators, England managed to maintain a greatly weakened Manchu dynasty and to increase its financial, commercial, and informal political power in China without the use of military force or formal alliance. In order to help the reader understand Britain’s informal empire in China, the author reviews the historical background which brought China into Britain’s expanding economy.
Book Synopsis Sir Claude MacDonald, the Open Door, and British Informal Empire in China, 1895-1900 by : Mary H. Wilgus
Download or read book Sir Claude MacDonald, the Open Door, and British Informal Empire in China, 1895-1900 written by Mary H. Wilgus and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1987. Great Britain secured and expanded its informal empire in China during the five years following the Sino-Japanese War. From 1895 through 1900 Lord Salisbury accepted England’s traditional, commercially oriented China policy and adapted it to dramatically altered political conditions in East Asia. Through the efforts of Sir Claude MacDonald, Britain met the commercial and political challenges of its European competitors and implemented the "open door," a strong but maligned policy. With the assistance of Britain’s indigenous collaborators, England managed to maintain a greatly weakened Manchu dynasty and to increase its financial, commercial, and informal political power in China without the use of military force or formal alliance. In order to help the reader understand Britain’s informal empire in China, the author reviews the historical background which brought China into Britain’s expanding economy.
Download or read book Framing China written by Ariane Knüsel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Framing China sheds new light on Western relations with and perceptions of China in the first half of the twentieth century. In this ground-breaking book, Ariane Knüsel examines how China was portrayed in political debates and the media in Britain, the USA and Switzerland between 1900 and 1950. By focusing on the political, economic, cultural and social context that led to the construction of the particular images of China in each country, the author demonstrates that national interests, anxieties and issues influenced the way China was framed and resulted in different portrayals of China in each country. The author’s meticulous analysis of a vast amount of newspaper and magazine articles, commentaries, editorials, cartoons and newsreels that have previously not been studied before also focuses on the transnational circulation of images of China. While previous publications have dealt with the occurrence of the Yellow Peril and Red Menace in particular countries, Framing China reveals that these images were interpreted differently in every nation because they both reflected and contributed to the discursive construction of nationhood in each country and were influenced by domestic issues, cultural values, pre-existing stereotypes, pressure groups and geopolitical aspirations.
Book Synopsis Britain's Imperial Retreat from China, 1900-1931 by : Phoebe Chow
Download or read book Britain's Imperial Retreat from China, 1900-1931 written by Phoebe Chow and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-15 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Britain’s relationship with China in the nineteenth and early twentieth century is often viewed in terms of gunboat diplomacy, unequal treaties, and the unrelenting pursuit of Britain’s own commercial interests. This book, however, based on extensive original research, demonstrates that in Britain after the First World War a combination of liberal, Labour party, pacifist, missionary and some business opinion began to argue for imperial retreat from China, and that this movement gathered sufficient momentum for a sympathetic attitude to Chinese demands becoming official Foreign Office policy in 1926. The book considers the various strands of this movement, relates developments in Britain to the changing situation in China, especially the rise of nationalism and the Guomindang, and argues that, contrary to what many people think, the reassertion of China’s national rights was begun successfully in this period rather than after the Communist takeover in 1949.
Download or read book The China Question written by T. G. Otte and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2007-04-05 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A global study of British policy over the 'China Question' from 1894-1905, emphasizing the connections between European and overseas developments, and encompassing diplomatic, commercial, financial, and strategic factors as well as the politics of foreign policy.
Book Synopsis The Boxers, China, and the World by : Robert A. Bickers
Download or read book The Boxers, China, and the World written by Robert A. Bickers and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2007 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1900, China chose to take on imperialism by fighting a war with the world on the parched north China plain. This multi-disciplinary volume explores the causes behind what is now known as the Boxer war, examining its particular cruelties and its impact on China, foreign imperialism in China, and on the foreign imagination. The Boxers have often been represented as a force from China's past, resisting an enforced modernity. Here, expert contributors argue that this rebellion was instead a wholly modern resistance to globalizing power, representing new trends in modern China and in international relations. This volume will appeal to readers interested in modern Chinese, East Asian, and European history as well as the history of imperialism, colonialism, warfare, missionary work, and Christianity.
Book Synopsis The Origins of the Boxer War by : Lanxin Xiang
Download or read book The Origins of the Boxer War written by Lanxin Xiang and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to provide a panoramic view of the origins of the Boxer War. Comprehensively examining this historical conundrum of the 20th century from a detached perspective, the book is based on ten years of exhaustive research of both unpublished and published materials from all nine countries involved. Analysing the misunderstanding between the Chinese and foreign governments of the day, Lanxin Xiang debunks the traditional view that the anti-foreign Empress Dowager of the Chinese Empire was chiefly responsible for this catastrophic episode which altered the course of 20th century China's relationship with the west.
Book Synopsis Discourses of Disease by : Howard Y. F. Choy
Download or read book Discourses of Disease written by Howard Y. F. Choy and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2016-05-18 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume includes studies of discourses about bodily and psychiatric illness in modern China, bringing together scholarships that reconfigure the fields of history, literature, film, psychology, anthropology, and gender studies by tracing the pathological path of China through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries into the new millennium.
Book Synopsis Trans-Pacific Relations by : Richard Jensen
Download or read book Trans-Pacific Relations written by Richard Jensen and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2003-01-30 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This broad-based study of Western-Asian relations considers images of and actions by the United States, along with Britain and Germany, in the course of dealings with Asian nations such as China, Japan, Korea, Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines. Other case studies focus on inter-Asian relations between Japan and Korea; China and Japan; and Thailand and Vietnam. The essays encompass a wide range of recent scholarship, including cultural, economic, demographic, and intellectual approaches to military and diplomatic themes. Western influence, primarily American, in Asia grew consistently during the 20th century. While interaction often occurred on unequal terms, this study reveals the ability of Asians to assert their agency in the face of such immense Western power. The collection as a whole offers a window on relations across the Pacific in numerous spheres of activity over the course of one hundred years. As such, it introduces and adds to our understanding of the depth and variety of trans-Pacific relations.
Book Synopsis Britain, China, and Colonial Australia by : Benjamin Mountford
Download or read book Britain, China, and Colonial Australia written by Benjamin Mountford and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Towards the end of the nineteenth century the British Empire was confronted by two great Chinese questions. The first of these questions (often known as the 'Far Eastern question') related specifically to the maintenance of British interests on the China Coast and the broader implications for British foreign policy in East Asia. While safeguarding British interests in the Far East presented British policymakers with a range of significant challenges, as they wrestled with this first Chinese question, another question kept knocking at the door. Since the eighteenth century, when plans for the establishment of a British colony at New South Wales had begun to materialize, Australia's potential relations with China had attracted considerable interest. During the first sixty years of European settlement, China retained a prominent place in both metropolitan and colonial schemes for the development of British Australia. From the 1850s, however, when large numbers of Cantonese miners travelled to the Pacific gold rushes, these earlier visions began to appear hopelessly naive. By the late 1880s the coming of the Chinese to Australia, and the reaction to their arrival, had developed into one of the most difficult issues within British imperial affairs. This book sets out to tell that story. Reaching back to the arrival of the British in the 1780s, it explores the early history of Australian engagement with China and traces the development of colonial Australia into an important point of contact between the British and Chinese Empires.
Book Synopsis China and the Victorian Imagination by : Ross G. Forman
Download or read book China and the Victorian Imagination written by Ross G. Forman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-08-15 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What happens to our understanding of 'orientalism' and imperialism when we consider British-Chinese relations during the nineteenth century, rather than focusing on India, Africa or the Caribbean? This book explores China's centrality to British imperial aspirations and literary production, underscoring the heterogeneous, interconnected nature of Britain's formal and informal empire. To British eyes, China promised unlimited economic possibilities, but also posed an ominous threat to global hegemony. Surveying anglophone literary production about China across high and low cultures, as well as across time, space and genres, this book demonstrates how important location was to the production, circulation and reception of received ideas about China and the Chinese. In this account, treaty ports matter more than opium. Ross G. Forman challenges our preconceptions about British imperialism, reconceptualizes anglophone literary production in the global and local contexts, and excavates the little-known Victorian history so germane to contemporary debates about China's 'rise'.
Book Synopsis Imperial Designs by : Shirley Ann Smith
Download or read book Imperial Designs written by Shirley Ann Smith and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2012-03-08 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Imperial Designs is the first text in English dealing comprehensively with the Italian colonial experience in China. It confirms imperial policy and the rhetoric of conquest.
Book Synopsis A Century of Travels in China by : Douglas Kerr
Download or read book A Century of Travels in China written by Douglas Kerr and published by Hong Kong University Press. This book was released on 2007-05-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Writings of travelers have shaped ideas about an evolving China, while preconceived ideas about China also shaped the way they saw the country. A Century of Travels in China explores the impressions of these writers on various themes, from Chinese cities and landscapes to the work of Europeans abroad. From the time of the first Opium War to the declaration of the People's Republic, China's history has been one of extraordinary change and stubborn continuities. At the same time, the country has beguiled, scared and puzzled people in the West. The Victorian public admired and imitated Chinese fashions, in furniture and design, gardens and clothing, while maintaining a generally negative idea of the Chinese empire as pagan, backward and cruel. In the first half of the twentieth century, the fascination continued. Most foreigners were aware that revolutionary changes were taking place in Chinese politics and society, yet most still knew very little about the country. But what about those few people from the English-speaking world who had first-hand experience of the place? What did they have to say about the "real" China? To answer this question, we have to turn to the travel accounts and memoirs of people who went to see for themselves, during China's most traumatic century. While this book represents the work of expert scholars, it is also accessible to non-specialists with an interest in travel writing and China, and care has been taken to explain the critical terms and ideas deployed in the essays from recent scholarship of the travel genre.
Book Synopsis Imperial Bodies in London by : Kristin Hussey
Download or read book Imperial Bodies in London written by Kristin Hussey and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2021-10-12 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner, 2022 Whitfield Prize for First Monograph in the Field of British and Irish History Since the eighteenth century, European administrators and officers, military men, soldiers, missionaries, doctors, wives, and servants moved back and forth between Britain and its growing imperial territories. The introduction of steam-powered vessels, and deep-docks to accommodate them at London ports, significantly reduced travel time for colonists and imperial servants traveling home to see their families, enjoy a period of study leave, or recuperate from the tropical climate. With their minds enervated by the sun, livers disrupted by the heat, and blood teeming with parasites, these patients brought the empire home and, in doing so, transformed medicine in Britain. With Imperial Bodies in London, Kristin D. Hussey offers a postcolonial history of medicine in London. Following mobile tropical bodies, her book challenges the idea of a uniquely domestic medical practice, arguing instead that British medicine was imperial medicine in the late Victorian era. Using the analytic tools of geography, she interrogates sites of encounter across the imperial metropolis to explore how medical research and practice were transformed and remade at the crossroads of empire.
Book Synopsis The Foreign Office, Commerce and British Foreign Policy in the Twentieth Century by : John Fisher
Download or read book The Foreign Office, Commerce and British Foreign Policy in the Twentieth Century written by John Fisher and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-16 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the interface of the British Foreign Office, foreign policy and commerce in the twentieth century. Two related questions are considered: what did the Foreign Office do to support British commerce, and how did commerce influence British foreign policy? The editors of this work collect a range of case studies that explore the attitude of the Foreign Office towards commerce and trade promotion, against the backdrop of a century of relative economic decline, while also considering the role of British diplomats in creating markets and supporting UK firms. This highly researched and detailed examination is designed for readers aiming to comprehend the role that commerce played in Britain’s foreign relations, in a century when trade and commerce have become an inseparable element in foreign and security policies.
Book Synopsis Race and Racism in Modern East Asia by :
Download or read book Race and Racism in Modern East Asia written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2012-11-01 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Race and Racism in Modern East Asia juxtaposes Western racial constructions of East Asians with constructions of race and their outcomes in modern East Asia. This groundbreaking volume also offers an analysis of these constructions, their evolution and their interrelations.
Book Synopsis The Money Doctors from Japan by : Michael Schiltz
Download or read book The Money Doctors from Japan written by Michael Schiltz and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-03-17 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Money and finance have been among the most potent tools of colonial power. This study investigates the Japanese experiment with financial imperialism—or “yen diplomacy”—at several key moments between the acquisition of Taiwan in 1895 and the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War in 1937. Through authoritarian monetary reforms and lending schemes, government officials and financial middlemen served as “money doctors” who steered capital and expertise to Japanese official and semi-official colonies in Taiwan, Korea, China, and Manchuria. Michael Schiltz points to the paradox of acute capital shortages within the Japan’s domestic economy and aggressive capital exports to its colonial possessions as the inevitable but ultimately disastrous outcome of the Japanese government’s goal to exercise macroeconomic control over greater East Asia and establish a self-sufficient “yen bloc.” Through their efforts to implement their policies and contribute to the expansion of the Japanese empire, the “money doctors” brought to the colonies a series of banking institutions and a corollary capitalist ethos, which would all have a formidable impact on the development of the receiving countries, eventually affecting their geopolitical position in the postcolonial world."
