Sintering Techniques of Materials

Download Sintering Techniques of Materials PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535120336
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sintering Techniques of Materials by : Arunachalam Lakshmanan

Download or read book Sintering Techniques of Materials written by Arunachalam Lakshmanan and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-04-01 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers new sintering techniques on ceramic materials, metals and composites as well as reprocessed PTFE. The book covers theoretical as well as experimental aspects on Spark Plasma Sintered (SPS) Porous copper, development of cutting blades with high hardness and resistance to cracking and wear, increased microhardness of austenitic steel ? TiB2 composites obtained with high pressure - high temperature sintering, Al2O3 porous body with cotton as the template and excellent thermal insulation with direct application for refractories as well as Metal matrix composites added nanostructured tantalum carbide and an overview of different sintering techniques used in powder metallurgy. Finally recycling of PTFE scrap materials using ram extrusion and compression molding is described.

Spark Plasma Sintering of Materials

Download Spark Plasma Sintering of Materials PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 303005327X
Total Pages : 781 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Spark Plasma Sintering of Materials by : Pasquale Cavaliere

Download or read book Spark Plasma Sintering of Materials written by Pasquale Cavaliere and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-18 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes spark plasma sintering (SPS) in depth. It addresses fundamentals and material-specific considerations, techniques, and applications across a broad spectrum of materials. The book highlights methods used to consolidate metallic or ceramic particles in very short times. It highlights the production of complex alloys and metal matrix composites with enhanced mechanical and wear properties. Emphasis is placed on the speed of the sintering processes, uniformity in product microstructure and properties, reduced grain growth, the compaction and sintering of materials in one processing step, various materials processing, and high energy efficiency. Current and potential applications in space science and aeronautics, automation, mechanical engineering, and biomedicine are addressed throughout the book.

Sintering of Advanced Materials

Download Sintering of Advanced Materials PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1845699947
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (456 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sintering of Advanced Materials by : Zhigang Zak Fang

Download or read book Sintering of Advanced Materials written by Zhigang Zak Fang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-09-27 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sintering is a method for manufacturing components from ceramic or metal powders by heating the powder until the particles adhere to form the component required. The resulting products are characterised by an enhanced density and strength, and are used in a wide range of industries. Sintering of advanced materials: fundamentals and processes reviews important developments in this technology and its applications Part one discusses the fundamentals of sintering with chapters on topics such as the thermodynamics of sintering, kinetics and mechanisms of densification, the kinetics of microstructural change and liquid phase sintering. Part two reviews advanced sintering processes including atmospheric sintering, vacuum sintering, microwave sintering, field/current assisted sintering and photonic sintering. Finally, Part three covers sintering of aluminium, titanium and their alloys, refractory metals, ultrahard materials, thin films, ultrafine and nanosized particles for advanced materials. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Sintering of advanced materials: fundamentals and processes reviews the latest advances in sintering and is a standard reference for researchers and engineers involved in the processing of ceramics, powder metallurgy, net-shape manufacturing and those using advanced materials in such sectors as electronics, automotive and aerospace engineering. Explores the thermodynamics of sintering including sinter bonding and densification Chapters review a variety of sintering methods including atmosphere, vacuum, liquid phase and microwave sintering Discusses sintering of a variety of materials featuring refractory metals, super hard materials and functionally graded materials

Sintering of Ceramics

Download Sintering of Ceramics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535100173
Total Pages : 628 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sintering of Ceramics by : Arunachalam Lakshmanan

Download or read book Sintering of Ceramics written by Arunachalam Lakshmanan and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-03-02 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chapters covered in this book include emerging new techniques on sintering. Major experts in this field contributed to this book and presented their research. Topics covered in this publication include Spark plasma sintering, Magnetic Pulsed compaction, Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic technology for the preparation of 3-dimesinal circuits, Microwave sintering of thermistor ceramics, Synthesis of Bio-compatible ceramics, Sintering of Rare Earth Doped Bismuth Titanate Ceramics prepared by Soft Combustion, nanostructured ceramics, alternative solid-state reaction routes yielding densified bulk ceramics and nanopowders, Sintering of intermetallic superconductors such as MgB2, impurity doping in luminescence phosphors synthesized using soft techniques, etc. Other advanced sintering techniques such as radiation thermal sintering for the manufacture of thin film solid oxide fuel cells are also described.

Sintering: From Empirical Observations to Scientific Principles

Download Sintering: From Empirical Observations to Scientific Principles PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 0124016774
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (24 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sintering: From Empirical Observations to Scientific Principles by : Randall German

Download or read book Sintering: From Empirical Observations to Scientific Principles written by Randall German and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2014-02-07 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As sintering applications march toward a $30 billion global business, the models for sintering have progressed, but generally follow behind observation. Documentation of the steps needed to build to a quantitative and predictive theory are often missed. Sintering: From Empirical Observations to Scientific Principles partitions sintering applications and observations to show critical turning points required to establish modern sintering as a predictive science. This book, written by the most cited author in his field, is laced with people, organizations, critical steps, and important formulations in a mixture of history, personalities, and applications. Exploring how insights in seemingly unrelated fields sparked progress, it is also a teaching tool to show where there is success, where there are problems, and how to organize teams to leapfrog to new applications or plateaus of use. Randall German's Sintering: From Empirical Observations to Scientific Principles is a platform for directly addressing the critical control parameters in these new research and development efforts. Shows how the theories and understanding of sintering were developed and improved over time, and how different products were developed, ultimately leading to important knowledge and lessons for solving real sintering problems Covers all the necessary infrastructure of sintering theory and practice, such as atomic theory, surface energy, microstructure, and measurement and observation tools Introduces the history and development of such early sintered products as porcelain, tungsten lamp filaments, bronze bearings, steel automotive components, platinum crucibles and more

Sintered Metallic and Ceramic Materials

Download Sintered Metallic and Ceramic Materials PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Wiley
ISBN 13 : 9780471981558
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (815 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sintered Metallic and Ceramic Materials by : Gopal S. Upadhyaya

Download or read book Sintered Metallic and Ceramic Materials written by Gopal S. Upadhyaya and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2000-01-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sintering is one of the most important industrial techniques for optimizing the capabilities of different materials and this book deals exclusively with the state-of-the-art on the processing of sintered materials, both metallic and ceramic. Emphasis is placed on on the relationship between the composition of the material, the powder processing techniques used and the properties of the materials and the applications of end products. Materials covered include: ferrous (low and high alloy steels) and nonferrous (light and heavy) alloys, rare earth intermetallics, ceramics (oxide and nonoxide) and cermets. The various applications of sintered materials in the automotive, aerospace and defence, machine tool and power industries and in magnetic, electrical, and electronic applications are discussed in the final chapter. This book will be used by engineers working with sintering techniques and sintered materials and by engineering students studying powder metallurgy. The author is internationally renowned for his work on sintering and sintered materials.

Sintering Applications

Download Sintering Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 953510974X
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sintering Applications by : Burcu Ertug

Download or read book Sintering Applications written by Burcu Ertug and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-02-06 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sintering is one of the final stages of ceramics fabrication and is used to increase the strength of the compacted material. In the Sintering of Ceramics section, the fabrication of electronic ceramics and glass-ceramics were presented. Especially dielectric properties were focused on. In other chapters, sintering behaviour of ceramic tiles and nano-alumina were investigated. Apart from oxides, the sintering of non-oxide ceramics was examined. Sintering the metals in a controlled atmosphere furnace aims to bond the particles together metallurgically. In the Sintering of Metals section, two sections dealt with copper containing structures. The sintering of titanium alloys is another topic focused in this section. The chapter on lead and zinc covers the sintering in the field of extractive metallurgy. Finally two more chapter focus on the basics of sintering,i.e viscous flow and spark plasma sintering.

Sintering of Ceramics

Download Sintering of Ceramics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 142000705X
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sintering of Ceramics by : Mohamed N. Rahaman

Download or read book Sintering of Ceramics written by Mohamed N. Rahaman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-07-06 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sintering of Ceramics provides the only comprehensive treatment of the theories and principles of sintering and their application to the production of advanced ceramics with the required target microstructure. Stemming from the author's bestselling text, Ceramic Processing and Sintering, this book includes additional material selected

Field-Assisted Sintering

Download Field-Assisted Sintering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319760327
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Field-Assisted Sintering by : Eugene A. Olevsky

Download or read book Field-Assisted Sintering written by Eugene A. Olevsky and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-09 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents the first ever scientific monograph including an in-depth analysis of all major field-assisted sintering techniques. Until now, the electromagnetic field-assisted technologies of materials processing were lacking a systematic and generalized description in one fundamental publication; this work promotes the development of generalized concepts and of comparative analyses in this emerging area of materials fabrication. This book describes modern technologies for the powder processing-based fabrication of advanced materials. New approaches for the development of well-tailored and stable structures are thoroughly discussed. Since the potential of traditional thermo-mechanical methods of material treatment is limited due to inadequate control during processing, the book addresses ways to more accurately control the resultant material's structure and properties by an assisting application of electro-magnetic fields. The book describes resistance sintering, high-voltage consolidation, sintering by low-voltage electric pulses (including spark plasma sintering), flash sintering, microwave sintering, induction heating sintering, magnetic pulse compaction and other field-assisted sintering techniques. Includes an in-depth analysis of all major field-assisted sintering techniques; Explains new techniques and approaches for material treatment; Provides detailed descriptions of spark plasma sintering, microwave sintering, high-voltage consolidation, magnetic pulse compaction, and various other approaches when field-assisted treatment is applied.

Advances in Ceramics

Download Advances in Ceramics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9533075058
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (33 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances in Ceramics by : Costas Sikalidis

Download or read book Advances in Ceramics written by Costas Sikalidis and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-08-09 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current book contains twenty-two chapters and is divided into three sections. Section I consists of nine chapters which discuss synthesis through innovative as well as modified conventional techniques of certain advanced ceramics (e.g. target materials, high strength porous ceramics, optical and thermo-luminescent ceramics, ceramic powders and fibers) and their characterization using a combination of well known and advanced techniques. Section II is also composed of nine chapters, which are dealing with the aqueous processing of nitride ceramics, the shape and size optimization of ceramic components through design methodologies and manufacturing technologies, the sinterability and properties of ZnNb oxide ceramics, the grinding optimization, the redox behaviour of ceria based and related materials, the alloy reinforcement by ceramic particles addition, the sintering study through dihedral surface angle using AFM and the surface modification and properties induced by a laser beam in pressings of ceramic powders. Section III includes four chapters which are dealing with the deposition of ceramic powders for oxide fuel cells preparation, the perovskite type ceramics for solid fuel cells, the ceramics for laser applications and fabrication and the characterization and modeling of protonic ceramics.

Sintering Fundamentals

Download Sintering Fundamentals PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Trans Tech Publications Ltd
ISBN 13 : 3038132497
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (381 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sintering Fundamentals by : G.S. Upadhyaya

Download or read book Sintering Fundamentals written by G.S. Upadhyaya and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2009-06-11 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters BCI (WoS). This book comprises state-of-the–art reviews written by acknowledged experts who are active in sintering science. It includes seven invited reviews by authors hailing from five countries: J-M.Chaix (France) discusses quantitative aspects of the microstructures and modeling of sintering; with the technical aspects of image-analysis - including that of nanostructured materials - adding extra value. Z.S. Nikolic (Serbia) provides a theoretical review of the simulation of liquid-phase sintering, particularly under microgravity conditions, and extensively and critically reviews the results reported in the sintering literature. A.L. Lisovsky (Ukraine) opens up the vista of deconsolidation of polycrystalline skeletons in sintered composite materials, and deals with systems having more than one refractory solid phase, and with nanodispersed composite materials. G.S. Upadhyaya ( India) reviews the Samsonov model for the electronic mechanism of sintering, and its relevance; pointing out that, although the model is a qualitative one, it has great utility as a predictive tool and that various case-studies drawn from real multi-phase material systems are a testimony to the value of Samsonov’s model.

Sintering Technology

Download Sintering Technology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789842816
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (898 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sintering Technology by : Malin Liu

Download or read book Sintering Technology written by Malin Liu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-10-31 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sintering technology is an old and extensive technology in many areas, and it has been used especially in ceramic fabrication. This book covers many fields, for example, the development of different sintering technologies in recent years, such as spark plasma sintering, flash sintering, microwave sintering, reaction and laser sintering, and so on, and also some special ceramic material fabrication methods and applications, such as carbon nanotubes mixed with alumina and zirconia ceramics, pure and doped zirconia, ZnO ceramic varistors, and so on.

Spark Plasma Sintering: Current Status, New Developments and Challenges

Download Spark Plasma Sintering: Current Status, New Developments and Challenges PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128177446
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Spark Plasma Sintering: Current Status, New Developments and Challenges by : Giacomo Cao

Download or read book Spark Plasma Sintering: Current Status, New Developments and Challenges written by Giacomo Cao and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-06-17 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spark Plasma Sintering: Current Status, New Developments and Challenges: A Review of the Current Trends in SPS looks at the progress made in the field of SPS. It includes a review of the scientific mechanisms, materials synthesis and industry applications for this processing technique. Chapters are written by leading experts in the field, encompassing topics surrounding the densification mechanism and microstructure evolution, the classification of high-performance materials, a review of numerical simulation, discussions of new technology advances, such as HP-SPS, flash sintering and related challenges. This book will be useful for researchers, engineers and students within the materials science and engineering fields. Provides significant information on the most relevant research topics currently being addressed by the SPS community Highlights the application of SPS techniques Reviews critical issues that still need to be overcome when utilizing SPS technology

Ceramic Processing and Sintering

Download Ceramic Processing and Sintering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351990578
Total Pages : 963 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ceramic Processing and Sintering by : Mohamed N. Rahaman

Download or read book Ceramic Processing and Sintering written by Mohamed N. Rahaman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 963 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the field's premiere source, this reference is extensively revised and expanded to collect hard-to-find applications, equations, derivations, and examples illustrating the latest developments in ceramic processing technology. This book is concerned primarily with the processing of polycrystalline ceramics and focuses on the widespread fabrication of ceramics by the firing of consolidated powders forms. A brief treatment of sol-gel processing is also included. Ceramic Processing and Sintering, Second Edition provides clear and intensive discussions on colloidal and sol-gel processing, sintering of ceramics, and kinetic processes in materials. From powder synthesis and consolidation to sintering and densification behavior, this latest edition emphasizes the impact of each processing procedure on ceramic properties. The second edition also contains new and extended discussions on colloid stability, polymer growth and gelation, additives in ceramic forming, diffusion and defect strucutre, normal and abnormal grain growth, microwave sintering, Rayleigh instability effects, and Ostwald ripening. Illustrating the interconnectedness between the various steps in the overall fabrication route, Ceramic Processing and Sintering, Second Edition approaches the fundamental issues of each process and show how they are applied to the practical fabrication of ceramics.

Sintering

Download Sintering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080493076
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sintering by : Suk-Joong L. Kang

Download or read book Sintering written by Suk-Joong L. Kang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-11-27 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sintering is the process of forming materials and components from a powder under the action of thermal energy. It is a key materials science subject: most ceramic materials and many specialist metal powder products for use in key industries such as electronics, automotive and aerospace are formed this way. Written by one of the leading experts in the field, this book offers an unrivalled introduction to sintering and sintering processes for students of materials science and engineering, and practicing engineers in industry. The book is unique in providing a complete grounding in the principles of sintering and equal coverage of the three key sintering processes: densification, grain growth and microstructure. Students and professional engineers alike will be attracted by the emphasis on developing a detailed understanding of the theory and practical processes of sintering, the balanced coverage of ceramic and metal sintering, and the accompanying examination questions with selected solutions. Delivering unrivalled depth of coverage on the basis of sintering, science, including thermodynamics and polycrystalline microstructure. Unique in its balanced coverage of the three key sintering elements - densification, grain growth and microstructure. A key reference for students and engineers in materials science and engineering, accompanied by examination questions and selected solutions.

Sintering Theory and Practice

Download Sintering Theory and Practice PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Wiley-Interscience
ISBN 13 : 9780471057864
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (578 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sintering Theory and Practice by : Randall M. German

Download or read book Sintering Theory and Practice written by Randall M. German and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1996-01-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although sintering is an essential process in the manufacture ofceramics and certain metals, as well as several other industrialoperations, until now, no single book has treated both thebackground theory and the practical application of this complex andoften delicate procedure. In Sintering Theory and Practice, leadingresearcher and materials engineer Randall M. German presents acomprehensive treatment of this subject that will be of great useto manufacturers and scientists alike. This practical guide to sintering considers the fact that while thebonding process improves strength and other engineering propertiesof the compacted material, inappropriate methods of control maylead to cracking, distortion, and other defects. It provides aworking knowledge of sintering, and shows how to avoid problemswhile accounting for variables such as particle size, maximumtemperature, time at that temperature, and other problems that maycause changes in processing. The book describes the fundamental atomic events that govern thetransformation from particles to solid, covers all forms of thesintering process, and provides a summary of many actual productioncycles. Building from the ground up, it begins with definitions andprogresses to measurement techniques, easing the transition,especially for students, into advanced topics such as single-phasesolid-state sintering, microstructure changes, the complications ofmixed particles, and pressure-assisted sintering. German draws onsome six thousand references to provide a coherent and lucidtreatment of the subject, making scientific principles andpractical applications accessible to both students andprofessionals. In the process, he also points out and avoids thepitfalls found in various competing theories, concepts, andmathematical disputes within the field. A unique opportunity to discover what sintering is all about--bothin theory and in practice What is sintering? We see the end product of this thermal processall around us--in manufactured objects from metals, ceramics,polymers, and many compounds. From a vast professional literature,Sintering Theory and Practice emerges as the only comprehensive,systematic, and self-contained volume on the subject. Covering all aspects of sintering as a processing topic, includingmaterials, processes, theories, and the overall state of the art,the book * Offers numerous examples, illustrations, and tables that detailactual processing cycles, and that stress existing knowledge in thefield * Uses the specifics of various consolidation cycles to illustratethe basics * Leads the reader from the fundamentals to advanced topics,without getting bogged down in various mathematical disputes overtreatments and measurements * Supports the discussion with critically selected references fromthousands of sources * Examines the sintering behavior of a wide variety of engineeredmaterials--metals, alloys, oxide ceramics, composites, carbides,intermetallics, glasses, and polymers * Guides the reader through the sintering processes for severalimportant industrial materials and demonstrates how to controlthese processes effectively and improve present techniques * Provides a helpful reference for specific information onmaterials, processing problems, and concepts For practitioners and researchers in ceramics, powder metallurgy,and other areas, and for students and faculty in materials scienceand engineering, this book provides the know-how and understandingcrucial to many industrial operations, offers many ideas forfurther research, and suggests future applications of thisimportant technology. This book offers an unprecedented opportunity to explore sinteringin both practical and theoretical terms, whether at the lab or inreal-world applications, and to acquire a broad, yet thorough,understanding of this important technology.

Spark Plasma Sintering of Materials

Download Spark Plasma Sintering of Materials PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783030053284
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (532 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Spark Plasma Sintering of Materials by : Pasquale Cavaliere

Download or read book Spark Plasma Sintering of Materials written by Pasquale Cavaliere and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes spark plasma sintering (SPS) in depth. It addresses fundamentals and material-specific considerations, techniques, and applications across a broad spectrum of materials. The book highlights methods used to consolidate metallic or ceramic particles in very short times. It highlights the production of complex alloys and metal matrix composites with enhanced mechanical and wear properties. Emphasis is placed on the speed of the sintering processes, uniformity in product microstructure and properties, reduced grain growth, the compaction and sintering of materials in one processing step, various materials processing, and high energy efficiency. Current and potential applications in space science and aeronautics, automation, mechanical engineering, and biomedicine are addressed throughout the book.