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Simulation Of Turbulent Airflow And Particle Deposition In Human And Animal Airways
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Book Synopsis Simulation of Turbulent Airflow and Particle Deposition in Human and Animal Airways by : Taylor Steven Geisler
Download or read book Simulation of Turbulent Airflow and Particle Deposition in Human and Animal Airways written by Taylor Steven Geisler and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prolonged exposure to inhaled micron-sized airborne particles is a known public health concern. These particles impact the health of staggering numbers of residents of polluted urban areas, as well as significant portions of the third world where it is still common to burn wood or charcoal indoors for cooking or heating. An understanding of the fate of inhaled particles in the lungs is useful for assessing their associated health risks, as well as improving the effectiveness of respiratory drug delivery techniques. The transport of microparticles is inseparable from behavior of the suspending airflow and this is studied using computational fluid dynamics techniques. The anatomy of the airways seems to have evolved to encourage turbulent airflow for functions such as mixing of flow to promote the warming and humidification of inhaled air, as well as for filtration. Large eddy simulation models are employed to capture turbulent flow in extremely complex patient-specific airway geometries. These collectively comprise the oral and nasal cavities, larynx, trachea, and the bronchial tree. The flow in anatomically-accurate rhesus macaque airways is also studied. Simulations are carried out for inspiratory flow rates corresponding to nominal Reynolds numbers in the hundreds to low-thousands yet somewhat surprisingly yield unsteady flows due to local geometric factors. A computed mean flow field is compared extensively with magnetic resonance velocimetry measurements carried out in the same computed-tomography--based lung geometry, showing good agreement. Microparticle deposition predictions are also verified. Focus is placed on the dynamics of the flow in the nasal airway, trachea, and bronchial tree. After becoming unsteady at constrictions in the upper airways, the flow is found to be chaotic, exhibiting fluctuations with broad-band spectra even at the most distal simulated airways in which the Reynolds numbers are as low as 300. The unsteadiness is attributed to the convection of turbulent structures produced in the upper airways as well as to local kinetic energy production throughout the bronchial tree.
Book Synopsis Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics in the Human Respiratory System by : Jiyuan Tu
Download or read book Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics in the Human Respiratory System written by Jiyuan Tu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-18 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional research methodologies in the human respiratory system have always been challenging due to their invasive nature. Recent advances in medical imaging and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have accelerated this research. This book compiles and details recent advances in the modelling of the respiratory system for researchers, engineers, scientists, and health practitioners. It breaks down the complexities of this field and provides both students and scientists with an introduction and starting point to the physiology of the respiratory system, fluid dynamics and advanced CFD modeling tools. In addition to a brief introduction to the physics of the respiratory system and an overview of computational methods, the book contains best-practice guidelines for establishing high-quality computational models and simulations. Inspiration for new simulations can be gained through innovative case studies as well as hands-on practice using pre-made computational code. Last but not least, students and researchers are presented the latest biomedical research activities, and the computational visualizations will enhance their understanding of physiological functions of the respiratory system.
Book Synopsis Numerical Simulation of Airflow, Particle Deposition and Drug Delivery in a Representative Human Nasal Airway Model by :
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Airflow, Particle Deposition and Drug Delivery in a Representative Human Nasal Airway Model written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human nasal cavities, each with an effective length of only 10cm, feature a wide array of basic flow phenomena due to their complex geometries. Dependent on such airflow fields are the transport and deposition of micro- and nano- particles in the human nasal cavities, of interest to engineers, scientists, air-pollution regulators, and healthcare officials. By utilizing advanced CAD and reverse engineering skills, a realistic model of the human nasal cavity was constructed from MRI image data for 3-D computer simulations. Assuming laminar quasi-steady airflow, dilute micro- and nano-particle suspension flows and local deposition efficiencies were analyzed for 7.5
Book Synopsis Inhaled Particles by : Chiu-sen Wang
Download or read book Inhaled Particles written by Chiu-sen Wang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-01-20 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaled Particles integrates all that is known about inhaled particles in a unified treatment. It aims to provide a scientific framework essential to a reasonable understanding of inhaled particles. The emphasis is placed on demonstrating the key roles of lung morphology on airflow and particle transport as well as identifying physical and biological factors that influence deposition. Special attention is paid to maintaining consistency of treatment and a balance between theoretical modeling and experimental measurements. The book covers all important aspects of inhaled particles including inhalability, aerosol dispersion, particle deposition, and clearance. It reviews concisely the basic background of lung morphology, respiratory physiology, aerodynamics, and aerosol science pertinent to the subject. Essential aspects of health effects and applications are also included. An easy-to-read, self contained introduction to the field An excellent source of updated research information Useful for students and professionals in aerosol science, environmental health science, occupational hygiene, health physics and biomedical engineering
Book Synopsis Numerical Simulation of Airflow, Particle Deposition and Drug Delivery in a Representative Human Nasal Airway Model by : Huawei Shi
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Airflow, Particle Deposition and Drug Delivery in a Representative Human Nasal Airway Model written by Huawei Shi and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: CFD, drug delivery, airflow, particle deposition, nasal airway.
Book Synopsis Numerical Simulation of Airflow and Particle Deposition in Bronchial Airway Bifurcation Models by : Thomas Heistracher
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Airflow and Particle Deposition in Bronchial Airway Bifurcation Models written by Thomas Heistracher and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Voltaire en son temps by : René Pomeau
Download or read book Voltaire en son temps written by René Pomeau and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Jet Fuel Toxicology by : Mark L. Witten
Download or read book Jet Fuel Toxicology written by Mark L. Witten and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-07-30 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently serving as a resource for the National Center for Toxological Research in their work with the Gulf Coast oil spill, this book presents current research conducted primarily by the airforce on the toxic effects of JP-8 jet fuel on the pulmonary, immune, dermal, and nervous systems. In all, the book considers 13 toxicology studies
Book Synopsis Particle Deposition in Human and Canine Tracheobronchial Casts by :
Download or read book Particle Deposition in Human and Canine Tracheobronchial Casts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this work is to measure deposition patterns and efficiencies of aerosol particles within realistic, single-pathway physical models of the tracheobronchial airways of humans and experimental animals over a range of particle sizes for a variety of respiratory modes and rates. This will provide data needed to assess the dose to the bronchial epithelium from inhaled radon progeny. In prior grant years an empirical expression for diffusional deposition efficiency of particles in the upper airways was obtained based on experimental data collected in central airway casts. The work also provided new quantitative data of airflow distribution in a realistic central airway cast for two species for both steady and pulsatile inspiratory flow and for expiratory flow. Theoretical studies were then extended based on a developing flow model. We concluded that although the developing flow model is a better predictor of the data than assumption of parabolic flow, the predicted deposition is significantly lower than that predicted by our best fit equation. In the current year the experimental results were evaluated in terms of the parametric solution of the convective diffusion equation.
Book Synopsis Computer Simulation of Inspiratory Flow and Particle Deposition in Human Oral Airway by : Xiaobo Zhu
Download or read book Computer Simulation of Inspiratory Flow and Particle Deposition in Human Oral Airway written by Xiaobo Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Airflow and Micro-Particle Transport and Deposition in Realistic Lung Airways Including the Alveolar Region by :
Download or read book Airflow and Micro-Particle Transport and Deposition in Realistic Lung Airways Including the Alveolar Region written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People may inhale 100 millions of particles each day, including toxic particulate matter as well as drug aerosols. Some of those deposited in the respiratory system can be either harmful or therapeutic to humans depending upon the particle material, deposition site, and local concentration. These transport and deposition phenomena as well as the resulting biomedical processes are greatly determined by the airflow field, particle properties, breathing pattern, and geometric airway characteristics. Realistic models of tracheobronchial and nasal⁄oral- tracheobronchial airways were built. Airflow and particle transport and deposition in these airway models were investigated in detail by mainly using the validated, in-house FORTRAN code CFPD (computational fluid-particle dynamics), which is a cell-centered, finite volume multi-block code. Both laminar and transitional-turbulent-laminar flows were considered for different transient and steady inhalation flow rates and inlet velocity profiles. The resulting effects of transients, upstream conditions and geometric characteristics, i.e., spatial angle and/or cartilaginous rings, are fully discussed. A new code based on the lattice-Boltzmann method (LBM) has been developed and validated to investigate airflow patterns and pressure changes in representative alveolar structures of the human respiratory zone. The new idea of targeted drug aerosol delivery technology was numerically tested for a more realistic human airway configuration and thereby addressing the problem of inter-subject variability. Specifically, controlled air-particle streams were studied using the oral and asymmetric tracheobronchial airway models. The results were compared with data obtained for a symmetric Weibel Type A tracheobronchial airway model.
Book Synopsis Cardiovascular and Respiratory Bioengineering by : Nenad Filipovic
Download or read book Cardiovascular and Respiratory Bioengineering written by Nenad Filipovic and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-05-12 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Bioengineering focuses on computational tools and modeling techniques in cardiovascular and respiratory systems that help develop bioengineered solutions. The book demonstrates how these technologies can be utilized in order to tackle diseases and medical issues. It provides practical guidance on how a bioengineering or medical problem can be modeled, along with which computational models can be used. Topics include computer modeling of Purkinje fibers with different electrical potential applied, modeling of cardiomyopathies caused by sarcomeric gene mutations, altered sarcomere function, perturbations in intracellular ion homeostasis, impaired myocardial energetics at reduced costs, and more. The book also discusses blood flow through deformable blood vessels in human aorta, abdominal aortic aneurysm, carotid artery, coronary artery and plaque formation, along with content on stent deployment modeling and stent design and optimization techniques. - Features practical applications of cardiovascular and respiratory technology to counteract diseases - Includes detailed steps for the modeling of cardiovascular and respiratory systems - Explores a range of different modeling methods, including computational modeling, predictive modeling and multi-scale modeling - Covers biological processes and biomechanics relevant to cardiovascular and respiratory bioengineering
Book Synopsis Digital Human Modeling and Medicine by : Gunther Paul
Download or read book Digital Human Modeling and Medicine written by Gunther Paul and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-12-04 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Digital Human Modeling and Medicine: The Digital Twin explores the body of knowledge and state-of-the-art in Digital Human Modeling (DHM) and its applications in medicine. DHM is the science of representing humans with their physical properties, characteristics and behaviors in computerized, virtual models. These models can be used standalone or integrated with other computerized object design systems to both design or study designs of medical devices or medical device products and their relationship with humans. They serve as fast and cost-efficient computer-based tools for the assessment of human functional systems and human-system interaction. This book provides an industry first introductory and practitioner focused overview of human simulation tools, with detailed chapters describing body functional elements and organs, organ interactions and fields of application. Thus, DHM tools and a specific scientific/practical problem – functional study of the human body – are linked in a coherent framework. Eventually the book shows how DHM interfaces with common physical devices in medical practice, answering to a gap in literature and a common practitioner question. Case studies provide the applied knowledge for practitioners to make informed decisions. - A non-specialist level, up-to-date overview and introduction to all medically relevant DHM systems to inform trialing, procurement decisions and initial application - Includes user-level examples and case studies of DHM applications in various medical fields - Clearly structured and focused compendium that is easy to access, read and understand
Book Synopsis High Temperature Airflow and Particle Deposition in Human Upper Lung-airway Models with a Focus on the Mucus-layer Dynamics by : Nilay Atul Kulkarni
Download or read book High Temperature Airflow and Particle Deposition in Human Upper Lung-airway Models with a Focus on the Mucus-layer Dynamics written by Nilay Atul Kulkarni and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Animal Biomechanics: Application of the Biomedical Engineering to the Veterinary Sciences for the Animal Healthcare by : Mauro Malvè
Download or read book Animal Biomechanics: Application of the Biomedical Engineering to the Veterinary Sciences for the Animal Healthcare written by Mauro Malvè and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-04-01 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Textbook of Pulmonary Vascular Disease by : Jason X. -J. Yuan
Download or read book Textbook of Pulmonary Vascular Disease written by Jason X. -J. Yuan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-24 with total page 1640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Textbook of Pulmonary Vascular Diseases combines basic scientific knowledge on the pulmonary circulatory system at levels of the molecule, cell, tissue, and organ with clinical diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary vascular diseases. State-of-the-art techniques and their potential applications in research, diagnosis, and treatment of pulmonary vascular diseases are also covered.
Book Synopsis Particle Deposition Patterns in Human Upper Bronchial Airways Under Simulated Inspiratory Flow by : Joshua Gurman
Download or read book Particle Deposition Patterns in Human Upper Bronchial Airways Under Simulated Inspiratory Flow written by Joshua Gurman and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
