Simulation and Inversion of Borehole Electromagnetic Measurements for the Estimation of Petrophysical Properties in the Presence of Mud-filtrate Invasion

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Total Pages : 526 pages
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Book Synopsis Simulation and Inversion of Borehole Electromagnetic Measurements for the Estimation of Petrophysical Properties in the Presence of Mud-filtrate Invasion by : Jesús Mauricio Salazar Luna

Download or read book Simulation and Inversion of Borehole Electromagnetic Measurements for the Estimation of Petrophysical Properties in the Presence of Mud-filtrate Invasion written by Jesús Mauricio Salazar Luna and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acoustic, electromagnetic (EM), and nuclear open-hole measurements are affected by fluids saturating near-wellbore porous and permeable rock formations, including hydrocarbons, water, and mud filtrate. Fluid invasion effects can be quantified and advantageously used to estimate petrophysical properties of the invaded rock formations. This dissertation incorporates the physics of water-base mud- (WBM) and oil-base mud- (OBM) filtrate invasion to the simulation and inversion of borehole EM measurements. We assume vertical boreholes penetrating clastic hydrocarbon- or water-bearing formations subject to either WBM- or OBM-filtrate invasion. The simulation of EM measurements in the presence of mud-filtrate invasion considers three different approaches: (1) piston-like invasion profiles, where we solely consider invaded- (flushed) and virgin- (uncontaminated) zones, (2) two-phase immiscible displacement and salt mixing between the invading WBM filtrate and connate water, and (3) invasion of single or multi-component OBM-filtrate into a formation saturated with multiple hydrocarbon components wherein the individual components are first-contact miscible. The last two approaches honor the physics of mudcake growth as well as the petrophysical properties that govern the process of multi-phase, multi-component fluid-flow displacement and include the presence of irreducible, capillary-bound and movable water. Electromagnetic measurements are simulated from spatial distributions of electrical resistivity calculated from the simulations of mud-filtrate invasion using clean- or shaly-sand water-saturationresistivity models. Inversion of petrophysical properties is posed as the nonlinear minimization of quadratic objective functions that quantify the misfit between EM measurements and their simulations. In the case of WBM piston-like invasion profiles in water-bearing formations, combined inversion of array-induction resistivity and spontaneous potential (SP) measurements yields connate water electrical resistivity and Archie's cementation exponent. Permeability is calculated from the inversion of array-induction resistivity measurements assuming immiscible fluid-flow displacement of WBM into hydrocarbonbearing formations. Accurate reconstructions of layer-by-layer permeability are primarily constrained by the availability of a-priori information about time of invasion, rate of mud-filtrate invasion, overbalance pressure, capillary pressure, and relative permeability. This dissertation also quantifies the influence of petrophysical and fluid properties on borehole resistivity measurements acquired in the presence of compositional mixing of OBM filtrate invading partially hydrocarbon-saturated rock formations. Numerical simulations of OBM-filtrate invasion are performed with an adaptive-implicit compositional formulation that allows one to quantify the effects of additional components of mud-filtrate and native fluids on EM measurements. Perturbations of petrophysical and fluid properties enable the quantification of rock wettability changes due to OBM-filtrate invasion and their effect on the simulated induction resistivity measurements. Finally, simulations of induction resistivity measurements in the presence of OBM are compared to the corresponding measurements in the presence of WBMfiltrate invasion. The latter analysis allows us to estimate a realistic flow rate of OBMfiltrate invasion that is responsible for the variation of induction resistivity measurements as a function of their radial length of response. The combined simulation of the physics of mud-filtrate invasion and EM measurements provides reliable estimates of true formation resistivity and hence of water saturation, thereby improving the assessment of in-place hydrocarbons reserves.

Combined Borehole Seismic and Electromagnetic Inversion For High-Resolution Petrophysical Assessment Of Hydocarbon Reservoirs

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Book Synopsis Combined Borehole Seismic and Electromagnetic Inversion For High-Resolution Petrophysical Assessment Of Hydocarbon Reservoirs by :

Download or read book Combined Borehole Seismic and Electromagnetic Inversion For High-Resolution Petrophysical Assessment Of Hydocarbon Reservoirs written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes the work performed between January 2005 and December 2007, under DOE research contract DE-FC26-04NT15507. The project is was performed by the Center for Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering of The University of Texas at Austin and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under the auspices of the National Energy Technology Office (NETL) and the Strategic Center for Natural Gas and Oil (SCNGO). During the three-year project, we developed new methods to combine borehole sonic and electromagnetic (EM) measurements for the improved assessment of elastic and petrophysical properties of rock formations penetrated by a well. Sonic measurements consisted of full waveform acoustic amplitudes acquired with monopole and dipole sources, whereas EM measurements consisted of frequency-domain voltages acquired with multi-coil induction systems. The combination of sonic and EM measurements permitted the joint estimation of elastic and petrophysical properties in the presence of mud-filtrate invasion. It was conclusively shown that the combined interpretation of sonic and EM measurements reduced non-uniqueness in the estimation of elastic and petrophysical properties and improved the spatial resolution of the estimations compared to estimations yielded separately from the two types of measurements. Moreover, this approach enabled the assessment of dynamic petrophysical properties such as permeability, as it incorporated the physics of mud-filtrate invasion in the interpretation of the measurements. The first part of the project considered the development of fast and reliable numerical algorithms to simulate borehole sonic waveforms in 2D, 3D, and radial 1D media. Such algorithms were subsequently used in the quantitative estimation of elastic properties jointly from borehole sonic and EM measurements. In the second part of the project we developed a new algorithm to estimate water saturation, porosity, and dry-rock elastic moduli jointly from borehole sonic and EM measurements. This algorithm assumed radial 1D variations of fluid saturation due to mud-filtrate invasion. Subsequently, we adapted the estimation method to interpret borehole field measurements acquired in both a shaly-sand sedimentary sequence and a tight-gas sandstone formation. In the two cases, we simulated the process of mud-filtrate invasion and concomitantly honored sonic and EM measurements. We produced reliable estimates of permeability and dry-rock moduli that were successfully validated with rock-core measurements. Finally, we introduced a new stochastic inversion procedure to estimate elastic, electrical, and petrophysical properties of layered media jointly from waveform sonic and frequency-domain EM measurements. The procedure was based on Bayesian statistical inversion and delivered estimates of uncertainty under various forms of a-priori information about the unknown properties. Tests on realistic synthetic models confirmed the reliability of this procedure to estimate elastic and petrophysical properties jointly from sonic and EM measurements. Several extended abstracts and conference presentations stemmed from this project, including 2 SEG extended abstracts, 1 SPE extended abstract, and 2 SPWLA extended abstracts. Some of these extended abstracts have been submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.

Dissertation Abstracts International

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 810 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Rapid Modeling of Borehole Measurements of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Via Spatial Sensitivity Functions

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)

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Book Synopsis Rapid Modeling of Borehole Measurements of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Via Spatial Sensitivity Functions by : Mohammad Albusairi

Download or read book Rapid Modeling of Borehole Measurements of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Via Spatial Sensitivity Functions written by Mohammad Albusairi and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Borehole measurements of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) are routinely used to estimate in situ rock and fluid properties. Conventional NMR interpretation methods often neglect bed-boundary, mud-filtrate invasion, layer-thickness, and layer-dip effects in the calculation of fluid volumetric concentrations and NMR relaxation-diffusion correlations. Such effects introduce notable spatial averaging of intrinsic rock and fluid properties across thinly-bedded formations or in the vicinity of boundaries between layers exhibiting large property contrasts. Furthermore, the interpretation of NMR measurements entails major technical challenges in horizontal layers penetrated by high-angle and horizontal wells (HAHz) or across dipping layers penetrated by a vertical well. Three-dimensional (3D) geometrical effects, coupled with spatially and petrophysically heterogeneous rocks, may bias petrophysical estimates obtained from borehole NMR measurements when using interpretation procedures designed for vertical wells and horizontal layers. Forward modeling and inversion methods can mitigate the aforementioned effects and improve the accuracy of true layer properties in the presence of mud-filtrate invasion and borehole environmental and 3D geometrical effects across spatially complex formations. This dissertation introduces a fast and accurate algorithm to simulate borehole NMR measurements using the concept of spatial sensitivity functions (SSFs) that honor NMR physics and explicitly incorporate tool, borehole, and geometrical properties. To that end, a 3D multiphysics forward model is developed that couples NMR tool properties, magnetization time evolution, and electromagnetic propagation to derive the 3D spatial sensitivity maps associated with a specific borehole instrument. Additionally, a multifluid relaxation model based on Brownstein-Tarr’s equation is introduced to estimate layer-by-layer NMR porosity decays and relaxation-diffusion correlations from pore-size-dependent rock and fluid properties. The latter model is convolved with the SSFs to reproduce borehole NMR measurements acquired with advanced pulsing sequences (e.g., diffusion-editing and saturation recovery sequences). Results indicate that the spatial sensitivity of NMR measurements is controlled by porosity, electrical conductivity, excitation pulse duration, and tool geometry. The SSF-derived forward approximation is benchmarked and verified against 3D multiphysics simulations for a series of synthetic cases with variable bed thickness and petrophysical properties, as well as in the presence of mud-filtrate invasion. It is shown that the approximation can be executed in a few seconds of central processing unit (CPU), by a factor of 1000 times faster than rigorous multiphysics calculations, with maximum root-mean- square errors (RMSE) of 1%. On average, the fast approximation via SSFs reproduces borehole NMR measurements in 0.08 seconds of CPU time per logging measurement and can therefore be used for real-time calculations and interpretations. Next, the NMR forward modeling approximation is implemented to simulate measurements acquired across dipping formations penetrated by deviated wells in the presence of mud-filtrate invasion. Borehole NMR measurements are simulated by transforming a dipping layered model penetrated by an arbitrary well trajectory into an apparent layered model probed by a vertical well. This work compares the effect of radial length of investigation (DOI) from the three distinct NMR acquisition shells at 3.81 cm (1 in), 6.35 cm (2.5 in) and 10.16 cm (4 in), to integrate borehole NMR measurements acquired in 3D complex geometries. It is found that thinly-bedded formations and their petrophysical properties can be resolved with limited measurement resolution in HAHz wells and highly dipping formations. In thinly-bedded layers (e.g., thinner than 0.15 m) probed by a vertical well, spatial averaging effects bias the NMR porosity logs acquired with high vertical resolution (e.g., sampling rate equals to 2.54 cm). Conversely, formation geometrical and petrophysical properties can be accurately estimated across high apparent-dip formations. It is found that the shallower NMR acquisition shell (3.81 cm) is the least affected by bed-boundary averaging with increasing apparent dip. Moreover, the increase in apparent dip shifts the location of apparent bed boundaries. The latter phenomenon is more pronounced at deeper radial DOI. Interpretation procedures must mitigate such geometrical effects to accurately detect true bed boundaries and estimate layer-by-layer petrophysical properties

Mechanistic Numerical Simulation and Interpretation of Borehole Measurements of Spontaneous Electrical Potential Acquired in Complex Petrophysical Environments

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (128 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanistic Numerical Simulation and Interpretation of Borehole Measurements of Spontaneous Electrical Potential Acquired in Complex Petrophysical Environments by : Joshua Christopher Bautista-Anguiano

Download or read book Mechanistic Numerical Simulation and Interpretation of Borehole Measurements of Spontaneous Electrical Potential Acquired in Complex Petrophysical Environments written by Joshua Christopher Bautista-Anguiano and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Borehole measurements of spontaneous electrical potential (SP) are routinely acquired in wells drilled with water-based mud. However, to this day, the interpretation of borehole SP measurements is chiefly limited to imprecise calculations of formation water resistivity and qualitative assessments of volumetric concentration of shale and permeability. This dissertation develops new methods to numerically simulate borehole SP measurements and improve their quantitative interpretation. Interpretation products are water saturation, water resistivity, and radius of invasion of mud-filtrate invasion in permeable rocks, together with their uncertainty. The calculation of formation water resistivity from borehole SP measurements is commonly performed via Nernst’s equation under the assumptions of shallow mud-filtrate invasion, negligible streaming potentials, and water as the only rock-saturating fluid. To circumvent these limitations while honoring the governing physics of coupled mass transport associated with SP phenomena, a three-dimensional finite-difference algorithm is developed to incorporate electrochemical, membrane, and electrokinetic SP phenomena in the simulation of borehole SP measurements. The algorithm implements a mechanistic description of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, which is coupled to a fluid-flow simulator to quantify the effects of time-varying conditions within permeable formations due to mud-filtrate invasion. Simulations indicate that the best spatial resolution of rock properties possible with SP borehole measurements occurs when rock beds are perpendicular to the well; deviated wells or dipping beds give rise to extended and pronounced shoulder-bed effects on SP measurements. It is also found that the simplifying assumption of perpendicular beds relative to the borehole does not cause significant errors in the numerical simulation of borehole SP measurements acquired in well trajectories with a relative dip less than 30°, thereby reducing CPU time by a factor of at least 1.76. Furthermore, electrokinetic effects on SP measurements become negligible for commonly used pressure overbalance ranges. For the interpretation of borehole SP measurements acquired in hydrocarbon-bearing rocks, this dissertation explores whether the difference between borehole SP measurements and Nernst-equation predictions enables the estimation of in situ hydrocarbon saturation of porous rocks. A new petrophysical model is advanced and successfully verified to establish the limits of detectability of hydrocarbon saturation solely from borehole SP measurements. It is found that optimal conditions for the quantification of hydrocarbon saturation from borehole SP measurements take place when (1) capillary forces dominate the process of mud-filtrate invasion, (2) the matrix-pore interface region, known as the electrical double layer, has a relevant impact on the diffusion of counter-ions, and (3) the electrolyte concentration of drilling mud is greater than that of formation water. Three blind tests show that the developed petrophysical model and the mechanistic SP simulation algorithm enable the estimation of hydrocarbon saturation from SP borehole measurements without the need of electrical resistivity measurements or porosity calculations. The estimation is reliable when (a) the volumetric concentration of shale is negligible, (b) the pore network structure is constant throughout the reservoir, and (c) radial invasion profiles are similar to those observed in calibration key wells used to adjust the parameters of the new petrophysical model. Finally, this dissertation develops a new inversion-based method for the interpretation of borehole SP measurements, which concomitantly mitigates shoulder-bed and mud-filtrate invasion effects on SP logs via fast numerical simulations based on Green’s functions. The method delivers layer-by-layer estimates of (a) equivalent NaCl concentration, (b) radius of mud-filtrate invasion, and (c) sodium macroscopic transport number, together with their uncertainty, by progressively matching borehole SP measurements with their numerical simulations. Successful examples of implementation include noisy borehole SP measurements acquired in aquifers with various degrees of petrophysical complexity. Results confirm the possibility of accurately and reliably estimating the electrical resistivity of formation water resistivity solely from borehole SP measurements, i.e., without the need of porosity calculations or fitting parameters from independent core measurements (as is the case with borehole resistivity measurements). Inversion-based interpretation results (a) compare well to those obtained from resistivity and nuclear porosity logs, (b) provide estimates of uncertainty, and (c) can assimilate a priori knowledge of aquifer petrophysical properties in the estimation

Interpretation of Multi-component Induction and Sonic Measurements Acquired in High-angle Wells and Joint 1D Radial Inversion of Resistivity and Sonic Logs

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Total Pages : 342 pages
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Book Synopsis Interpretation of Multi-component Induction and Sonic Measurements Acquired in High-angle Wells and Joint 1D Radial Inversion of Resistivity and Sonic Logs by : Robert Keays Mallan

Download or read book Interpretation of Multi-component Induction and Sonic Measurements Acquired in High-angle Wells and Joint 1D Radial Inversion of Resistivity and Sonic Logs written by Robert Keays Mallan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multi-component induction resistivity and sonic measurements acquired in high-angle wells can be strongly influenced by shoulder-bed effects, anisotropy resulting from sand-shale laminations, and presence of mud-filtrate invasion. Understanding the corresponding biasing effects aids in the interpretation of resistivity and sonic measurements and subsequently leads to more accurate and reliable formation evaluation. This dissertation describes numerical simulation studies examining the effects on multi-component induction and sonic measurements in a variety of complex formation models. Subsequently, a joint inversion scheme is presented that combines resistivity and sonic measurements to estimate in situ petrophysical and elastic properties in the presence of mud-filtrate invasion. To facilitate the simulation study of multi-component induction logs, I develop a new finite-difference algorithm for the numerical simulation of frequency-domain electromagnetic borehole measurements. The algorithm~uses a coupled scalar-vector potential formulation for arbitrary three-dimensional inhomogeneous and electrically anisotropic media. Simulations show that shoulder-bed anisotropy: enhances shoulder-bed effects across sand layers; and impacts invasion sensitivities to significantly alter the assessment of invasion in terms of invaded- and virgin-zone resistivities, radial length, and front shape. For the simulation study of sonic logs, I develop a three-dimensional, finite-difference time-domain algorithm that models elastic wave propagation in a fluid-filled borehole. Simulations show that presence of anisotropy not only alters the degree of dispersion observed in flexural and Stoneley waves, but also alters their responses to invasion. In addition, presence of a dipping shoulder bed can significantly distort flexural dispersion, making it difficult to identify the low frequency asymptote corresponding to formation shear wave velocity. Lastly, I consider a radial one-dimensional model in the development of a joint resistivity and sonic inversion algorithm. This scheme simultaneously inverts array-induction apparent conductivities and sonic flexural and Stoneley dispersions for the rock's elastic moduli and water saturation in the presence of mud-filtrate invasion. Inversions are performed on numerically simulated data for a variety of models reflecting soft and hard rock formations with presence of water- and oil-based mud-filtrate invasion. Results show the estimated invasion profiles display excellent agreement with the true models, and the elastic moduli are estimated to within a few percent of the true values.

Simulation and Interpretation of Formation-tester Measurements Acquired in the Presence of Mud-filtrate Invasion, Multiphase Flow, and Deviated Wellbores

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 572 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (436 download)

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Book Synopsis Simulation and Interpretation of Formation-tester Measurements Acquired in the Presence of Mud-filtrate Invasion, Multiphase Flow, and Deviated Wellbores by : Renzo Moisés Angeles Boza

Download or read book Simulation and Interpretation of Formation-tester Measurements Acquired in the Presence of Mud-filtrate Invasion, Multiphase Flow, and Deviated Wellbores written by Renzo Moisés Angeles Boza and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation implements three-dimensional numerical simulation models to interpret formation-tester measurements acquired at arbitrary angles of wellbore deviation. Simulations include the dynamic effects of mud-filtrate invasion and multi-phase flow. Likewise, they explicitly consider the asymmetric spatial distribution of water-base and oil-base mud filtrate in the near-wellbore region due to the interplay of viscous, gravity, and capillary forces. Specific problems considered by the dissertation are: (a) estimation of permeability from formation-tester measurements (pressure and fractional flow) affected by multi-phase flow and mud-filtrate invasion, (b) quantification of the spatial zone of response of transient measurements of pressure and fractional flow rate, (c) prediction of fluid-cleanup times during sampling operations in vertical and deviated wells, (d) joint inversion of formation-tester and resistivity measurements to estimate initial water saturation and permeability of multi-layer models, and (e) estimation of saturation-dependent relative permeability and capillary pressure using selective measurement weighting and Design-of-Experiment (DoE) methods to secure a reliable initial guess for nonlinear inversion. Using realistic tool and formation configurations, field measurements validate the reliability of the proposed methods. In one example, multi-layer rock formations are modeled using electrofacies derived from nuclear magnetic resonance logs, thereby reducing the number of unknown layer permeability values from 22 to 6. In the same example, non-uniqueness in the estimation of permeability is reduced with the quantitative integration of resistivity and formation-tester measurements. A second field example undertakes the estimation of permeability by history matching both pressure and gas-oil ratio (GOR) measurements acquired with a focused-sampling probe in a 27° deviated well. Because the latter measurements are affected by partial miscibility between oil-base mud and in-situ oil, Equation-of-State (EOS) simulations are used to account for variations of fluid viscosity, fluid compressibility, fluid density, and GOR during the processes of invasion and fluid pumpout. Results indicate that gravity-segregation and capillary-pressure effects become significant with increasing angles of wellbore deviation. If not accounted for, such effects could substantially degrade the estimation of permeability. Synthetic and field examples confirm that standard formation-tester interpretation techniques based on single-phase analytical solutions lead to biased estimations of permeability, especially in deviated wells or when complete fluid cleanup is not achieved during sampling. In addition, it is found that gravity-segregated invaded formations strongly affect predictions of fluid sampling time. Reliable and accurate estimations of petrophysical properties are only possible when both the angle of wellbore deviation and the process of mud-filtrate invasion are included in the interpretation methods.

Petrophysics

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Petrophysics by :

Download or read book Petrophysics written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Quantitative Analysis of Muli-component Borehole Electromagnetic Induction Responses Using Anisotropic Forward Modeling and Inversion

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Quantitative Analysis of Muli-component Borehole Electromagnetic Induction Responses Using Anisotropic Forward Modeling and Inversion by : Michael John Batiste Tompkins

Download or read book Quantitative Analysis of Muli-component Borehole Electromagnetic Induction Responses Using Anisotropic Forward Modeling and Inversion written by Michael John Batiste Tompkins and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Fast Forward Modeling and Inversion of Borehole Sonic Measurements Using Spatial Sensitivity Functions

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (923 download)

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Book Synopsis Fast Forward Modeling and Inversion of Borehole Sonic Measurements Using Spatial Sensitivity Functions by : Shan Huang (Ph. D.)

Download or read book Fast Forward Modeling and Inversion of Borehole Sonic Measurements Using Spatial Sensitivity Functions written by Shan Huang (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Borehole sonic measurements are widely used by petrophysicists to estimate in-situ dynamic elastic properties of rock formations. The estimated formation properties typically guide the interpretation of seismic amplitude measurements in the exploration and development of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Due to limitations in vertical resolution, borehole sonic measurements (sonic logs) provide spatially averaged values of formation properties in thinly bedded rocks. In addition, mud-filtrate invasion and near-wellbore formation damage can bias the elastic properties estimated from sonic logs. The interpretation of sonic logs in high angle (HA) and horizontal (HZ) wells is even more challenging because of three-dimensional geometrical effects and anisotropy. A reliable approach to account for geometrical effects in the interpretation of sonic logs is the implementation of forward modeling and inversion techniques. However, the computation time required to model the direct problem, namely wave propagation in the borehole environment, severely constraints the usage of inversion approaches in sonic-log interpretation. This dissertation develops new methods for the rapid simulation of sonic logs using the concept of spatial sensitivity functions. Sonic spatial sensitivity functions are equivalent to the Green's function of a particular sonic measurement; they also serve as weighting matrices to map formation elastic properties into the respective measurement space. Application of sensitivity functions to challenging synthetic examples verifies that the maximum relative error in the modeled sonic logs is lower than 3% for flexural, Stoneley, and compressional (P-) and shear (S-) modes. Compared to rigorous numerical simulations, the new fast sonic modeling method reduces computation time by 98%. Using the fast sonic simulation algorithm, we develop an inversion method that combines multi-frequency flexural dispersion and P- and S- mode slowness logs to estimate layer-by-layer compressional and shear slownesses of rock formations. Synthetic verification examples as well as interpretation of field cases indicate that the estimated formation compressional and shear slownesses are within 3% of true model properties, exhibiting a maximum uncertainty of 6%. When compared to conventional sonic-log interpretation, the new inversion-based method effectively reduces shoulder-bed effects and relative errors in estimated properties by 15%, while the vertical resolution of sonic logs is improved from 1.83 m to 0.5 m. Finally, we show that multi-mode wave interference in HA/HZ wells makes it difficult to identify the low-frequency slowness asymptote of the flexural mode. We extend the sensitivity method to three dimensions to approach this latter problem and to model high-frequency dispersion logs. Because the calculated P-mode slowness log exhibits strong dependence to processing parameters, conventional waveform semblance-based processing becomes inadequate in HA wells. We introduce a new P-arrival slowness log to circumvent wave mode interference and to avoid semblance calculations. Additionally, we also develop a one-dimensional integration method to rapidly model P-arrival slowness logs when HA/HZ wells penetrate anisotropic thin beds. The fast modeling algorithm generates synthetic logs that match sonic logs simulated with rigorous modeling procedures within 5% while providing a 99% reduction in computation time.

Borehole Electromagnetic Telemetry System

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030215377
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Borehole Electromagnetic Telemetry System by : Jiefu Chen

Download or read book Borehole Electromagnetic Telemetry System written by Jiefu Chen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-20 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains the theory, numerical modeling, and applications of a borehole electromagnetic telemetry system used for wireless communication between the downhole tool and the surface control center during oilfield drilling. The authors begin by introducing borehole electromagnetic telemetry and explaining each part of the system with schematics and illustrations. They describe the working principle and compare it with other borehole wireless communication methods, such as mud pulse telemetry. They then address 2D and 3D electromagnetic telemetry modelling, listing previous 2D and 3D modeling methods and detailing the advantages and limitations, before discussing their recent work on a novel layered finite element method for 2D electromagnetic telemetry modelling, and on 3D electromagnetic modelling based on integral equation, thin wire kernel, and layered medium Green’s functions. Lastly, the authors show applications of electromagnetic telemetry, including single well borehole wireless communication and cross well communication in pad drilling. This includes photos, figures, and field data from real oilfield jobs. This book is a useful reference for drilling engineers, well logging tool research and development scientists and researchers, as well as for students in the areas of petroleum engineering and electrical engineering.

Simulation of Borehole Electromagnetic Measurements in Dipping and Anisotropic Rock Formations and Inversion of Array Induction Data

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Simulation of Borehole Electromagnetic Measurements in Dipping and Anisotropic Rock Formations and Inversion of Array Induction Data by : Guozhong Gao

Download or read book Simulation of Borehole Electromagnetic Measurements in Dipping and Anisotropic Rock Formations and Inversion of Array Induction Data written by Guozhong Gao and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Oklahoma Geology Notes

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Oklahoma Geology Notes by :

Download or read book Oklahoma Geology Notes written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Modeling of Resistivity and Acoustic Borehole Logging Measurements Using Finite Element Methods

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128214651
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling of Resistivity and Acoustic Borehole Logging Measurements Using Finite Element Methods by : David Pardo

Download or read book Modeling of Resistivity and Acoustic Borehole Logging Measurements Using Finite Element Methods written by David Pardo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-05-22 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modeling of Resistivity and Acoustic Borehole Logging Measurements Using Finite Element Methods provides a comprehensive review of different resistivity and sonic logging instruments used within the oil industry, along with precise and solid mathematical descriptions of the physical equations and corresponding FE formulations that govern these measurements. Additionally, the book emphasizes the main modeling considerations that one needs to incorporate into the simulations in order to obtain reliable and accurate results. Essentially, the formulations and methods described here can also be applied to simulate on-surface geophysical measurements such as seismic or marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) measurements. Simulation results obtained using FE methods are superior. FE methods employ a mathematical terminology based on FE spaces that facilitate the design of sophisticated formulations and implementations according to the specifics of each problem. This mathematical FE framework provides a highly accurate, robust, and flexible unified environment for the solution of multi-physics problems. Thus, readers will benefit from this resource by learning how to make a variety of logging simulations using a unified FE framework. Provides a complete and unified finite element approach to perform borehole sonic and electromagnetic simulations Includes the latest research in mathematical and implementation content on Finite Element simulations of borehole logging measurements Features a variety of unique simulations and numerical examples that allow the reader to easily learn the main features and limitations that appear when simulating borehole resistivity measurements

A Fast Inversion Method for Interpreting Borehole Electromagnetic Data

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis A Fast Inversion Method for Interpreting Borehole Electromagnetic Data by :

Download or read book A Fast Inversion Method for Interpreting Borehole Electromagnetic Data written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Probabilistic Methods for Inversion of Marine Controlled Source Electromagnetic Data Using Rock Physics Modeling for Reservoir Characterization

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Probabilistic Methods for Inversion of Marine Controlled Source Electromagnetic Data Using Rock Physics Modeling for Reservoir Characterization by : Mohit Ayani

Download or read book Probabilistic Methods for Inversion of Marine Controlled Source Electromagnetic Data Using Rock Physics Modeling for Reservoir Characterization written by Mohit Ayani and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) methods have gained popularity in reservoir characterization studies for exploring the hydrocarbon reservoirs in the marine sediments. Analysis of CSEM data reveals the subsurface resistivity, which in turn can be correlated with the hydrocarbon-bearing formations or other resistive features. Because of the diffusive nature of EM signal, the vertical resolution of these methods is low. Secondly, the data recorded by the receivers placed on the sea floor surface are contaminated by noise. Such a low-resolution data, in conjunction with the presence of noise causes non-uniqueness of the solution, therefore the inversion becomes an ill-posed problem. This dissertation focuses on the probabilistic methods for the inversion of CSEM data for predicting the geophysical and petrophysical properties of the reservoir along with the associated uncertainty. Three innovative methods are proposed to solve this inverse problem. The first method belongs to the class of stochastic algorithms and performs multi-objective optimization of CSEM data using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms for predicting the subsurface resistivity distribution and studying the non-uniqueness associated with it. The second method is based on inverting the time-lapse CSEM data using the Ensemble Smoother and estimates the CO2 plume location at different time steps after being injected into the reservoir. The third method combines the statistical rock physics modeling with the Bayesian approach to invert elastic and electrical data and jointly estimates most likely models of porosity and CO2 saturation. The proposed methods are tested on the synthetic and real datasets for validation.

Numerical Modeling and Inversion of Geophysical Electromagnetic Measurements Using a Thin Plate Model

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Author :
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ISBN 13 : 9789514271182
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (711 download)

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Book Synopsis Numerical Modeling and Inversion of Geophysical Electromagnetic Measurements Using a Thin Plate Model by : Markku Pirttijärvi

Download or read book Numerical Modeling and Inversion of Geophysical Electromagnetic Measurements Using a Thin Plate Model written by Markku Pirttijärvi and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: