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Siloxanes In The Nordic Environment
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Book Synopsis Siloxanes in the Nordic Environment by :
Download or read book Siloxanes in the Nordic Environment written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Siloxanes belong to a group of substances used in a number of industrial applications and in consumer products such as additives in fuel, car polish, cleaners, anti foamiers and car waxes. Besides this, they are widely used in e.g. personal care and biomedical products. As a result of their wide use, siloxanes are presumably spread into the environment both via point sources and via diffuse sources and may be found in the environment. Recent studies have suggested that siloxanes may have direct or indirect toxic effects on various biological processes. The aim of this screening study was to obtain a snapshot of the occurrence of siloxanes in the Nordic environment. The here presented screening study involved six countries: Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Sampled media types were air, biota, sediment, sludge, soil and water. Siloxanes were found in all the analysed samples types except soils. The results indicate that there is a general pollution of siloxanes in the Nordic environment, close to dense population and major sources. There was, however, a great variation in concentrations. The cyclic siloxanes occurred in all media in significantly higher concentrations than the linear siloxanes. At present, the observed concentrations are not alarmingly high, and many background sites seem to be non-contaminated. However, the use of siloxanes is extensive and it is possible that continued use will lead to increased environmental levels, eventually reaching effect concentrations.
Book Synopsis Siloxanes in the Nordic Environment by : Nordic Council of Ministers
Download or read book Siloxanes in the Nordic Environment written by Nordic Council of Ministers and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Siloxanes belong to a group of substances used in a number of industrial applications and in consumer products such as additives in fuel, car polish, cleaners, anti foamiers and car waxes. Besides this, they are widely used in e.g. personal care and biomedical products. As a result of their wide use, siloxanes are presumably spread into the environment both via point sources and via diffuse sources and may be found in the environment. Recent studies have suggested that siloxanes may have direct or indirect toxic effects on various biological processes. The aim of this screening study was to obtain a snapshot of the occurrence of siloxanes in the Nordic environment. The here presented screening study involved six countries: Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Sampled media types were air, biota, sediment, sludge, soil and water. Siloxanes were found in all the analysed samples types except soils. The results indicate that there is a general pollution of siloxanes in the Nordic environment, close to dense population and major sources. There was, however, a great variation in concentrations. The cyclic siloxanes occurred in all media in significantly higher concentrations than the linear siloxanes. At present, the observed concentrations are not alarmingly high, and many background sites seem to be non-contaminated. However, the use of siloxanes is extensive and it is possible that continued use will lead to increased environmental levels, eventually reaching effect concentrations
Book Synopsis Volatile Methylsiloxanes in the Environment by : Vera Homem
Download or read book Volatile Methylsiloxanes in the Environment written by Vera Homem and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprising 12 chapters, this book focuses on volatile methylsiloxanes (VMSs), the shorter-chained organosiloxanes, and reviews the main areas and environmental compartments where they have been found and studied. It opens with a detailed description of the structural and functional properties, toxic risks and possible transformations of VMSs in the environment and their main uses in various activities and products, as well as the identification of the main sources of emission. Further chapters examine the analytical strategies and protocols that have been used to address the quantification of VMSs, including the issue of possible cross-contaminations. The book also discusses the presence of VMSs in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and in water bodies, their atmospheric fate and levels in biota, as well as occurrences of VMSs in remote areas of the world. It closes with a comprehensive conclusion and discussion on future directions for upcoming studies. This book is not intended as a finishing line, but rather as an important step towards improving our understanding of VMSs, to fuel new collaborations between research groups and/or with industry and lastly to convince more researchers to explore the mysteries of these ubiquitous, yet understudied, chemicals.
Book Synopsis Perfluorinated Alkylated Substances (PFAS) in the Nordic Environment by :
Download or read book Perfluorinated Alkylated Substances (PFAS) in the Nordic Environment written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2004 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Personal Care Products in the Aquatic Environment by : M. Silvia Díaz‐Cruz
Download or read book Personal Care Products in the Aquatic Environment written by M. Silvia Díaz‐Cruz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-10 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers an overview of the occurrence and distribution of personal care products in continental and marine waters, presents analytical methods and degradation technologies and discusses their impact on human health. Experts from different disciplines highlight major issues for each family of compounds related to their occurrence in the water column as well as in solid and biota samples, methodological strategies for their analysis, non-conventional degradation technologies, (eco)toxicity data and their human and environmental risk assessment. The book also includes a general introduction to personal care products, covering their properties, use, behaviour and regulatory framework, and a final chapter identifying knowledge gaps and future research trends. It will appeal to experts from various fields of research, including analytical and environmental chemistry, toxicology and environmental engineering.
Book Synopsis International Environment Reporter by :
Download or read book International Environment Reporter written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Waterproof and Water Repellent Textiles and Clothing by : John T Williams
Download or read book Waterproof and Water Repellent Textiles and Clothing written by John T Williams and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-21 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waterproof and Water Repellent Textiles and Clothing provides systematic coverage of the key types of finishes and high performance materials, from conventional wax and silicone, through controversial, but widely used fluoropolymers and advanced techniques, such as atmospheric plasma deposition and sol-gel technology. The book is an essential resource for all those engaged in garment development, production and finishing, and for academics engaged in research into apparel technology and textile science. Rapid innovation in this field is driving new performance demands in many areas, including the sporting and military sectors. However, another innovation driver is the regulatory framework in the USA, Europe and globally, addressing both health concerns (e.g. with PFOS / PFOA) and environmental impacts (e.g. C8 fluorocarbon finishes). Both of these aspects are fully covered, along with the replacement materials / technologies currently available and under development. In addition, oleophobic and multifunctional coatings are discussed, as are aspects of performance, testing and applications in sportswear, protective clothing, and footwear. Introduces innovative materials and technologies, exploring their current and potential use across different sectors Provides expert guidance on the health and environmental aspects of key waterproof materials and coatings and their associated regulations Demystifies testing processes and design principles
Book Synopsis Marine Ecotoxicology by : Julián Blasco
Download or read book Marine Ecotoxicology written by Julián Blasco and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-08-05 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine Ecotoxicology: Current Knowledge and Future Issues is the first unified resource to cover issues related to contamination, responses, and testing techniques of saltwater from a toxicological perspective. With its unprecedented focus on marine environments and logical chapter progression, this book is useful to graduate students, ecotoxicologists, risk assessors, and regulators involved or interested in marine waters. As human interaction with these environments increases, understanding of the pollutants and toxins introduced into the oceans becomes ever more critical, and this book builds a foundation of knowledge to assist scientists in studying, monitoring, and making decisions that affect both marine environments and human health. A team of world renowned experts provide detailed analyses of the most common contaminants in marine environments and explain the design and purpose of toxicity testing methods, while exploring the future of ecotoxicology studies in relation to the world’s oceans. As the threat of increasing pollution in marine environments becomes an ever more tangible reality, Marine Ecotoxicology offers insights and guidance to mitigate that threat. Provides practical tools and methods for assessing and monitoring the accumulation and effects of contaminants in marine environments Unites world renowned experts in marine ecotoxicology to deliver thorough and diverse perspectives Builds the foundation required for risk assessors and regulators to adequately assess and monitor the impact of pollution in marine environments Offers helpful insights and guidance to graduate students, ecotoxicologists, risk assessors, and regulators interested in mitigating threats to marine waters
Book Synopsis The Nordic Environment by : Claes Bernes
Download or read book The Nordic Environment written by Claes Bernes and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis PFASs in the Nordic environment by : Anna Kärrman
Download or read book PFASs in the Nordic environment written by Anna Kärrman and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes a screening study of in all ninety-nine conventional and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the Nordic environment. In addition, extractable organic fluorine (EOF) was analysed. The latter can provide the amount, but not identity, of organofluorine in the samples, which in turn can be used to assess the mass balance between known and unknown PFASs. The study was initiated by the Nordic Screening Group and funded by these and the Nordic Council of Ministers through the Chemicals Group.A total of 102 samples were analyzed in this study, including bird eggs, fish, marine mammals, terrestrial mammals, surface water, WWTP effluents and sludge, and air. Samples were collected by institutes from the participating countries and self-governing areas; Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden.
Book Synopsis Screening of phenolic substances in the Nordic environments by : Nordiska Ministerrådet
Download or read book Screening of phenolic substances in the Nordic environments written by Nordiska Ministerrådet and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Microplastics in marine bivalves from the Nordic environment by : Bråte, Inger Lise N.
Download or read book Microplastics in marine bivalves from the Nordic environment written by Bråte, Inger Lise N. and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2020-504/ Abstract [en] Microplastics in marine bivalves from the Nordic environment: MP were analysed in mussels at 100 sites from Grenland to the Baltic. MP were found in 4 out of 5 species. The coastal waters of the North Sea, Kattegat, Skagerrak, and the western Baltic appear to be areas of MP accumulation. Mussels from urbanized areas and harbours contained the most MP. The abundance of MP was especially high in the Oslofjord. A total of 11 different polymer types were detected through 3 chemical characterisation methodes. Black rubbery particles, possibly derived from tyre wear, were the dominant particle type. The presence of rubber compounds was confirmed for Blue mussels (Mytilus) in analysis using pyrolysis GC-MS. This is the first study to document these polymer types in mussels. Mussels, especially Mytilus spp., Limecola balthica and Abra nitida are suitable for monitoring of MP in Nordic waters.
Book Synopsis Fate and Effects of Chemicals in the Nordic Environments Related to the Use of Biocides by : Hannu Braunschweiler
Download or read book Fate and Effects of Chemicals in the Nordic Environments Related to the Use of Biocides written by Hannu Braunschweiler and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2000 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tiivistelmä. - Sammandrag.
Book Synopsis Screening of Chlorinated Paraffins, Dechloranes and UV-filters in Nordic Countries by : Schlabach, Martin
Download or read book Screening of Chlorinated Paraffins, Dechloranes and UV-filters in Nordic Countries written by Schlabach, Martin and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2022-03-30 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2022-519/ On behalf of the Nordic Council of Ministers’ Screening Group, NILU and NIVA performed a monitoring study on selected environmental contaminants, namely UV-filters, dechloranes, and chlorinated paraffins. UV-compounds were frequently detected in samples related to the marine food web. In the group of dechloranes, dechlorane 602 was detected most frequently in samples related to the marine, freshwater, and terrestrial food web. Short and medium chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs) were found in most of the samples, but long chain chlorinated paraffins (LCCPs) with a slightly lower detection frequency. For nearly all biota samples, the concentrations of MCCPs were higher than the SCCP concentrations. LCCP-concentrations were as high or higher than the SCCP-concentrations.
Book Synopsis Nordic Swan Ecolabel and Product Environmental Footprint: Focus on Product Environmental Information by : Suikkanen, Johanna
Download or read book Nordic Swan Ecolabel and Product Environmental Footprint: Focus on Product Environmental Information written by Suikkanen, Johanna and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2019-09-27 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this report is to compare the Nordic Swan Ecolabel and the Product Environmental Footprint with a focus on environmental information. The report compares the methods used by the Nordic Swan Ecolabel and the PEF to identify the product-group-specific relevant environmental aspects. The analysis is based on the currently valid Swan Criteria and pilot phase final PEF Category Rules (PEFCRs). The report concludes that there are methodological differences in the way product comparisons are made. The report proposes recommendations for both schemes in terms of co-operation and required further work, related to the differences in methodological approaches, to avoid very different results in what will be considered as an environmentally sound product.
Book Synopsis Potential Ozone Depleting Substances by :
Download or read book Potential Ozone Depleting Substances written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2005-11-01 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Surface Treatment Industry in the Nordic Countries: Overview and BAT examples by : Karström, Kristoffer
Download or read book Surface Treatment Industry in the Nordic Countries: Overview and BAT examples written by Karström, Kristoffer and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2021-509/ The objectives of this report have been to present an overview of the surface treatment (STM) industry and the legal framework for implementation of the IED directive in the Nordic countries. The project describes currently used Best Available Techniques (BATs) in the STM industry in the Nordic countries. Further the project describes the key environmental aspects of the STM sector relating to the use of raw materials, resource use of energy and water, emissions to surface- and groundwater, the generation of solid and liquid wastes. For the final part of the project, twelve BAT candidates and four new emerging techniques are described. The techniques are focusing on resource use, emissions to water, waste management, circular economy, energy use. Optimisation, closed loop systems, digitalisation and automation are common denominators.
