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Shock Exchange
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Book Synopsis Is the Exchange Rate a Shock Absorber? the Case of Sweden by : Mr.Alun H. Thomas
Download or read book Is the Exchange Rate a Shock Absorber? the Case of Sweden written by Mr.Alun H. Thomas and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1997-12-01 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper uses a structural vector autoregression representation of the Mundell-Flemming model to analyze the determinants of movements in Sweden’s real exchange rate. It finds that, while (supply and demand) shocks account for over 60 percent of the forecast error variance, comparable to several Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) countries, demand shocks account for a higher fraction of these real shocks in Sweden than in those core countries. If real demand shocks result from controllable macroeconomic policies, the cost of relinquishing the exchange rate is no higher, and may be lower, for Sweden than for most core EMU countries.
Book Synopsis Shock Exchange by : Ralph W. Baker (Jr.)
Download or read book Shock Exchange written by Ralph W. Baker (Jr.) and published by Self Publisher. This book was released on 2012 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Shock Exchange explains the stock market and U.S. economy through the eyes of the New York Shock Exchange, a financial literacy program Ralph Baker started in 2006 to share his passion for investing and basketball with his 11 year old son and other boys his age. For those interested in learning about "the pain ahead" for the U.S. economy and/or the cut-throat world of New York City grassroots basketball, Shock Exchange is a must read." --from book description, Amazon.com.
Book Synopsis Exchange Rates and International Finance Markets by : Erich Streissler
Download or read book Exchange Rates and International Finance Markets written by Erich Streissler and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-03-14 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book poses the important question of whether exchange rates are ultimately tied down by economic fundamentals. In a unique approach the subject is analysed from an asset holder's perspective and Streissler takes the reader through an authoritative and wide-ranging study including: *Friedman's case for flexible exchange rates *interest parity and purchasing power parity *process analysis of temporal exchange rate equilibria *stabilization through bounded interest rates and exchange rate theory *the problem of the neutrality of money
Book Synopsis Shock Tubes and Waves by : Charles E. Treanor
Download or read book Shock Tubes and Waves written by Charles E. Treanor and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 1982-06-30 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, this conference was held in Niagara Falls on July 6–9, 1981. This book includes material on the following topics: instrumentation and diagnostics, shock tube facilities and techniques, gas dynamic experiments, heat transfer and real gas effects, boundary layers, shock structure, shock propagation, laser and spectral optical studies, chem and kinetics, relaxation and excitation, ionization, dusty gases, two-phase flow and condensation, shock waves in the environment and energy, and energy-related processes. The book contains a total of 98 papers by well-known specialists.
Book Synopsis Shock Therapy! What Role for Thai Monetary Policy? by : Mr.Harun Alp
Download or read book Shock Therapy! What Role for Thai Monetary Policy? written by Mr.Harun Alp and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-11-08 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thailand had to endure three major shocks during 2008–2011: the global financial crisis, the Japanese earthquake, and the Thai floods of 2011. Over this period, consistent with its inflation targeting framework, the Bank of Thailand (BOT) let the exchange rate depreciate and cut interest rates (to, for example, a historically low level of 11⁄4 percent by mid-2009). This paper seeks to uncover the role of monetary policy in softening the impact of these shocks. Specifically, it seeks to address the following question: if an inflation targeting framework underpinned by a flexible exchange rate regime had not been in place, how would the economic contractions associated with these shocks have differed? Counterfactual simulations based on an estimated structural model indicate that countercyclical monetary policy and exchange rate flexibility added up to a total of 4 percentage points to real GDP growth during periods when Thailand had to weather these three major shocks.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Spillovers by : Patrick Blagrave
Download or read book Fiscal Spillovers written by Patrick Blagrave and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-10-18 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are fiscal spillovers today as large as they were during the global financial crisis? How do they depend on economic and policy conditions? This note informs the debate on the cross-border impact of fiscal policy on economic activity, shedding light on the magnitude and the factors affecting transmission, such as the fiscal instruments used, cyclical positions, monetary policy conditions, and exchange rate regimes. The note assesses spillovers from five major advanced economies (France, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom, United States) on 55 advanced and emerging market economies that represent 85 percent of global output, looking at government-spending and tax revenue shocks during expansion and consolidation episodes. It finds that fiscal spillovers are economically significant in the presence of slack and/or accommodative monetary policy—and considerably smaller otherwise, which suggests that spillovers are large when domestic multipliers are also large. It also finds that spillovers from government-spending shocks are larger and more persistent than those from tax shocks and that transmission may be stronger among countries with fixed exchange rates. The evidence suggests that although spillovers from fiscal policies in the current environment may not be as large as they were during the crisis, they may still be important under certain economic circumstances.
Download or read book Shock Markets written by Robert I. Webb and published by FT Press. This book was released on 2013-03-26 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Don't fear crises: use them as opportunities to make money! Shock Markets shows traders and investors exactly how to do it -- with exceptional detail, not vague handwaving. Robert Webb and Alexander Webb offer meticulous breakdowns of recent crises, revealing how they impacted both individual stocks and the market as a whole -- and helping you create detailed game plans for profiting from future shocks. By fusing real-life trading examples with rigorous moment-by-moment analysis of price changes, they give you tools to survive and thrive in even the most volatile markets. This accessible, actionable book answers crucial questions like: What moves stock prices? What moves the overall market? How can you profit from understanding catalysts that precipitate sudden sharp changes in stock prices? From the actions of corporate executives to regulatory decisions, earnings announcements to merger deals, lawsuits to settlements, macroeconomic reports to the policy actions of foreign governments, seemingly remote factors can have a huge, sudden impact on stocks in today's interconnected markets. Shock Markets illuminates these catalysts, and demonstrates their shifting behavior during fads, fashions, bubbles, crashes, and market crises. The focus is completely practical: helping savvy traders uncover profit where others find only peril.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :151354067X Total Pages :34 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (135 download)
Book Synopsis El Salvador by : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Download or read book El Salvador written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-04-16 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses El Salvador’s IMF Staff report on Request for Purchase Under the Rapid Financing Instrument (RCI). This assistance is expected to help El Salvador direct funds swiftly to the country’s most affected sectors, including the healthcare system. El Salvador has adopted strict measures to prevent and contain the pandemic since early February—even before the first case was diagnosed—including travel restrictions, mandatory quarantine for exposed citizens, suspension of nonessential public and private sector operations, and a nationwide shelter-in-place order. The authorities’ emergency response also comprises measures to mitigate the economic impact of the pandemic on the population, including through targeted cash transfers to vulnerable households and tax relief in the most affected economic sectors. IMF financing will help preserve fiscal space and catalyze significant funding from other multilateral institutions. The IMF continues to closely monitor El Salvador’s situation and stands ready to provide policy advice and further support as needed.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1513568906 Total Pages :68 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (135 download)
Book Synopsis Iraq by : International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Download or read book Iraq written by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-02-11 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iraq's socio-economic fragilities have been severely aggravated by the pandemic and the sharp decline in oil revenues, which arrived on the heels of widespread social unrest and political instability. The health system’s limited capacity has been strained, while the fiscal position has become untenable as oil revenues declined sharply to a level that barely covers the government’s large wage and pension bills. Although the number of new infections declined recently, Iraq registered the second-highest COVID-related fatalities in the region, and the fiscal response to the pandemic has been one of the lowest. A six-month political paralysis preceding the formation of the government in May 2020 and plans to hold early parliamentary elections in mid-2021 have been weighing on political support for reforms. Risks of social unrest, geopolitical tensions, and insecurity remain elevated.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1484399897 Total Pages :71 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (843 download)
Book Synopsis Uruguay by : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Download or read book Uruguay written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-02-22 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Article IV Consultation highlights that Uruguay has preserved macroeconomic stability in the wake of the turbulence in the region due to prudent policies and the accumulation of buffers over the years. With the worsening outlook and less friendly external environment, in the near term, policies should focus on maintaining resilience. In this context, additional efforts are needed to put debt on a firm downward trajectory and reduce inflation to within the target band. The IMF staff assesses that the external position is broadly consistent with fundamentals and desirable policy settings. The authorities and IMF staff have remained in broad agreement on the macroeconomic policy objectives, including maintaining public debt on a sustainable trajectory, keeping inflation low, and allowing exchange rate to adjust in line with fundamentals. Fiscal adjustment, however, has not proceeded as quickly as had been originally expected, and inflation has proven difficult to contain within the authorities’ target range.
Book Synopsis Spain: 2021 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Spain by : International Monetary
Download or read book Spain: 2021 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Spain written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-02-16 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Spanish economy is recovering from the deep recession caused by the COVID pandemic and employment is already above its pre-pandemic level. A highly successful vaccination campaign helped limit the impact of the recent wave of infections on hospitalizations and economic activity. Output is expected to return to its pre-pandemic level by the end of 2022. However, there is significant uncertainty around the recovery path related to the evolution of the pandemic and the duration of global supply bottlenecks. The pace of absorption and the effectiveness of use of Next Generation EU (NGEU) funds will also affect growth in the coming years. In the near term, the key policy challenge is to continue to provide targeted pandemic support while facilitating resource reallocation and a transformation to a greener and more inclusive economy.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1513508407 Total Pages :70 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (135 download)
Book Synopsis Brazil by : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Download or read book Brazil written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-07-23 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2019 Article IV Consultation with Brazil discusses that growth is projected at 0.8 percent in 2019 and to accelerate in 2020 conditional on the approval of a robust pension reform and favorable financial conditions. The current budget is guided by the federal expenditure ceiling, entailing a minor reduction of the structural primary balance in 2019. The review encouraged the authorities to step up implementation of structural reforms essential to raise potential growth, including improving the business environment, lowering trade barriers, and boosting productivity. Fiscal policy is expected to be mildly supportive in 2019 and subsequently turn moderately contractionary to respect the constitutional ceiling. Gross public debt is projected to peak in 2024 at 96 percent of gross domestic product. Brazil needs decisive structural reforms to raise potential growth, including tax reforms, privatization, trade liberalization, and measures to enhance the efficiency of financial intermediation. Given the high and increasing level of public debt, fiscal consolidation is essential. The government should preserve a broadly neutral fiscal stance in 2019.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1513547747 Total Pages :48 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (135 download)
Book Synopsis Morocco by : International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Download or read book Morocco written by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-07-30 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The economy is recovering and the outlook is favorable but still subject to significant risks. After slowing to below 21⁄2 percent in 2014, growth is expected to be close to 5 percent in 2015, boosted by a strong agricultural output and a gradual acceleration of activity in other sectors. Fiscal policy is on track to achieve the annual deficit objective of 4.3 percent of GDP. The external position has improved rapidly, benefiting from lower oil prices and strong export performance. Inflation remains low. However, more remains to be done to reduce unemployment, especially among the youth. Assuming steadfast implementation of reforms, growth should gradually accelerate over the medium term. However, the outlook remains subject to the risks of a structurally weak growth in key advanced economies, tighter or more volatile global financial conditions, and increased volatility of energy prices. Important progress has been made on key reforms; sustaining these efforts will be important to foster higher and more inclusive growth. Significant progress was made in reforming the subsidy system, thereby reducing its costs and associated fiscal risks. At the same time, social programs on health and education were expanded. The adoption of the new organic budget law in May 2015 was a crucial step in improving the fiscal framework, while progress has also been made in upgrading the financial policy framework. Timely reform of the pension system is needed to ensure its viability while extending its coverage. Sustaining efforts to improve the business environment, competition, governance and transparency, as well as the functioning of the job market and the quality of education and vocational training, will also be important for increasing competitiveness, growth, and employment. The program remains on track and Morocco continues to meet the PLL qualification criteria. Both March 2015 quantitative indicative targets were met comfortably. Morocco continues to perform strongly in three out of the five PLL qualification areas, while not substantially underperforming in the fiscal and external areas. Staff recommends the completion of the second review under the arrangement.
Author :International Monetary Fund. European Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1498389937 Total Pages :68 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (983 download)
Book Synopsis Republic of Poland by : International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Download or read book Republic of Poland written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-06-26 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2014 Article IV Consultation highlights that Poland’s economy is steadily recovering from the 2012–2013 slowdown on the back of Poland’s very strong fundamentals and policies. Real GDP growth moderated to 1.6 percent in 2013 as the slowdown in core euro area countries had knock-on effects on consumer and investor confidence. However, a steady recovery is now under way. The outlook is for a continuing recovery, but external risks remain firmly on the downside. Growth is expected to reach 3.3 percent in 2014 but strong trade and financial linkages with core euro area countries make it vulnerable to growth shocks.
Book Synopsis International Student Exchange Programs. Enhancing Global Understanding by : Asmae Ourkiya
Download or read book International Student Exchange Programs. Enhancing Global Understanding written by Asmae Ourkiya and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2015-10-06 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2015 in the subject Didactics for the subject English - Miscellaneous, Mohamed I University (Faculty of letters and human sciences), course: English literature, language: English, abstract: Based on my personal experiences and other students’ testimonies and feedback, this work presents the benefits of international programs to students, and explains how this helps us, citizens of this world, to build mutual understanding. This monograph is addressed to the public, mainly university students from all over the world, and professors who are interested in the topic. Today’s students’ understanding of foreign cultures is usually shaped by social media. Although some of them are aware of the importance of overcoming stereotypes and studying other nations’ traditions and lifestyles, only few dare to go on exchanges. Travelling could be quite challenging especially for youths in developing countries, yet, this does not mean it is impossible to leave one’s home country for the sake of discovering the world and learning what cannot be taught in a classroom. International exchange programs are programs where students go overseas either for a long term or a short term, in order to explore the host country’s educational system, culture and values. In exchange, they get to share their own cultures and traditions, enhance their knowledge and start seeing things from a different perspective. It is undisputed that the majority of students who go abroad gain a rich understanding of other cultures and experience the stimulation of completing a part of their education in a different approach to learning. They get to develop their self confidence and their sense of self reliance, and make new friendships that allow them to see the world through new eyes. Students should be aware of the benefits of going taking part of such exchanges. In fact, many alumni realize the importance of international experience only when it is too late, and they wish they had taken the opportunity to study abroad.
Download or read book Nixon Shock written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2024-02-02 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is Nixon Shock In 1971, in response to rising inflation, President Richard Nixon of the United States of America implemented a series of economic measures, the most significant of which were wage and price freezes, surcharges on imports, and the unilateral cancellation of the direct international convertibility of the United States dollar to gold. These measures were collectively referred to as the Nixon shock. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Nixon shock Chapter 2: Gold standard Chapter 3: Reserve currency Chapter 4: Hard currency Chapter 5: Bretton Woods system Chapter 6: Devaluation Chapter 7: Foreign exchange reserves Chapter 8: International finance Chapter 9: History of the United States dollar Chapter 10: Triffin dilemma Chapter 11: Monetary hegemony Chapter 12: Smithsonian Agreement Chapter 13: Robert Triffin Chapter 14: Currency intervention Chapter 15: Exorbitant privilege Chapter 16: Fixed exchange rate system Chapter 17: Exchange-rate flexibility Chapter 18: International monetary system Chapter 19: London Gold Pool Chapter 20: History of monetary policy in the United States Chapter 21: United States and the International Monetary Fund (II) Answering the public top questions about nixon shock. (III) Real world examples for the usage of nixon shock in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Nixon Shock.
Author :International Monetary Fund. European Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1513513737 Total Pages :88 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (135 download)
Book Synopsis Montenegro by : International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Download or read book Montenegro written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-09-10 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2019 Article IV Consultation with Montenegro highlights that while the implementation of large publicly financed infrastructure projects has added economic growth, the accompanying use of fiscal resources has contributed to a large increase in government debt including guarantees, which reached 79 percent of gross domestic product in 2018. Despite the recent intervention in two non-systemic domestic banks, the overall banking sector exhibits improving asset quality, strong credit growth, high liquidity, and is well capitalized. Efforts to improve banking and Anti-Money Laundering/Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) supervision are paramount. The emphasis should be a shift to risk-based tools for supervision in both off-site and on-site functions, and the establishment of a stronger supervisory structure within the central bank. The main priorities are reduction of the labor tax wedge and implementation of the new labor law that aims to increase labor market flexibility. Future decisions on the minimum wage should consider a broad set of indicators and require careful analyses of the impact of past increases.
