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Sex Selective Abortions Fertility And Birth Spacing
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Book Synopsis Sex-Selective Abortions, Fertility, and Birth Spacing by : Claus C. Pörtner
Download or read book Sex-Selective Abortions, Fertility, and Birth Spacing written by Claus C. Pörtner and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous research on sex-selective abortions has ignored the interactions between fertility, birth spacing, and sex selection, despite both fertility and birth spacing being important considerations for parents when deciding on the use of sex selection. This paper presents a novel approach that jointly estimates the determinants of sex-selective abortions, fertility, and birth spacing, using data on Hindu women from India's National Family and Health Surveys. Women with eight or more years of education in urban and rural areas are the main users of sex-selective abortions and they also have the lowest fertility. Predicted lifetime fertility for these women declined 11 percent between the 1985-1994 and 1995-2006 periods, which correspond to the periods of time before and after sex selection became illegal. Fertility is now around replacement level. This decrease in fertility has been accompanied by a 6 percent increase in the predicted number of abortions during the childbearing years between the two periods, and sex selection is increasingly used for earlier parities. Hence, the legal steps taken to combat sex selection have been unable to reverse its use. Women with fewer than eight years of education have substantially higher fertility and do not appear to use sex selection.
Book Synopsis Sex-selective Abortions and Instrumental Births as the Two Faces of the Stopping Rule by : Jean-Marie Baland
Download or read book Sex-selective Abortions and Instrumental Births as the Two Faces of the Stopping Rule written by Jean-Marie Baland and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stopping rule refers to a behaviour by which parents continue child bearing till they reach a specific number of children of a given gender (boys, in general). Under this behaviour, parents can choose to carry out these pregnancies to term and raise a larger number of children than originally desired. Some of these children are therefore not desired for their own sake, and can be defined as 'instrumental'. When additional births become too costly, parents can also resort to sex-selective abortion by terminating pregnancies of the undesired gender. We argue that these two practices are the two complementary expressions of the stopping rule and ought to be considered under a unified framework. In this paper, we take the child as the unit of interest and propose new measures of detection of these two practices. With instrumental births, a girl is, on average, exposed to a larger number of younger siblings than a boy. Under sex-selective abortion, a boy has on average more sisters among her elder siblings than a girl. These measures are easily implementable, precise, and do not rely on a natural sex ratio. We carry out our detection tests over a large set of countries and quantify, for the countries identified by our tests, the magnitude of gender bias in parental preferences. We highlight, in particular, the minor role played by sex-selective abortion as compared to instrumental births in fertility behaviour.
Book Synopsis Sex Selective Abortions and Fertility Decline by :
Download or read book Sex Selective Abortions and Fertility Decline written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sex Selection of Children by : Neil G. Bennett
Download or read book Sex Selection of Children written by Neil G. Bennett and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sex Selection of Children explores the strategies used to control the sex of children, the conditions under which a couple would employ a given technique, and the technology to achieve their desired family composition. It also considers the social consequences of sex-selection techniques, the legal factors that might impinge on the use of such a technology, and the ethical considerations associated with its use. Organized into 10 chapters, this book begins with an overview of some of the more humorous past approaches to sex selection. It then discusses the effects of sex selection on fertility, sex selection by means of amniocentesis and selective abortion, and the theorized link between the timing of fertilization and the sex ratio of offspring. A chapter considers a decision-making model that describes the use of sex-selection techniques by couples who wish to have a specific number of children over their entire childbearing period, while another chapter analyzes the economics of sex preference and selection. The remaining chapters address the parental preferences about the sexes of their offspring in different societies, the legal aspects of prenatal sex selection, a moral policy for sex choice, and the ethics and public policy on sex choice. This book is a valuable resource for specialists involved in fields ranging from sociology and economics to biology, public health, law, and ethics.
Book Synopsis The Subsequent Child by : Carolyn Szybist
Download or read book The Subsequent Child written by Carolyn Szybist and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Son Targeting Fertility Behavior in Albania by : Marie-Claire Robitaille
Download or read book Son Targeting Fertility Behavior in Albania written by Marie-Claire Robitaille and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The collapse of communism led to highly skewed sex-ratios in Albania, which had a long patriarchal tradition before the advent of communism. While the use of sex-selective abortions in the region is well-known, little is known about other forms taken by revealed son preference, such as differential stopping behavior and birth spacing. Using data from the Demographic Health Surveys in 2008-2009 and 2017-2018, we find evidence of a higher proportion of boys being born at the last parity, indicating that parents practice differential stopping behaviour. Using Cox Proportional Hazard model and logit; we also show that in son-less households parents shorten the birth intervals significantly, endangering mothers' and children's health. We conclude that differential stopping behaviour and short birth spacing are prevalent in all regions and across the socio-economic spectrum.
Book Synopsis Contraceptive Use and Controlled Fertility by : National Research Council
Download or read book Contraceptive Use and Controlled Fertility written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-02-01 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These four papers supplement the book Contraception and Reproduction: Health Consequences for Women and Children in the Developing World by bringing together data and analyses that would otherwise be difficult to obtain in a single source. The topics addressed are an analysis of the relationship between maternal mortality and changing reproductive patterns; the risks and benefits of contraception; the effects of changing reproductive patterns on infant health; and the psychosocial consequences to women of controlled fertility and contraceptive use.
Book Synopsis Watering the Neighbour's Garden by : Christophe Guilmoto
Download or read book Watering the Neighbour's Garden written by Christophe Guilmoto and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Best Intentions by : Committee on Unintended Pregnancy
Download or read book The Best Intentions written by Committee on Unintended Pregnancy and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-06-16 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experts estimate that nearly 60 percent of all U.S. pregnancies--and 81 percent of pregnancies among adolescents--are unintended. Yet the topic of preventing these unintended pregnancies has long been treated gingerly because of personal sensitivities and public controversies, especially the angry debate over abortion. Additionally, child welfare advocates long have overlooked the connection between pregnancy planning and the improved well-being of families and communities that results when children are wanted. Now, current issues--health care and welfare reform, and the new international focus on population--are drawing attention to the consequences of unintended pregnancy. In this climate The Best Intentions offers a timely exploration of family planning issues from a distinguished panel of experts. This committee sheds much-needed light on the questions and controversies surrounding unintended pregnancy. The book offers specific recommendations to put the United States on par with other developed nations in terms of contraceptive attitudes and policies, and it considers the effectiveness of over 20 pregnancy prevention programs. The Best Intentions explores problematic definitions--"unintended" versus "unwanted" versus "mistimed"--and presents data on pregnancy rates and trends. The book also summarizes the health and social consequences of unintended pregnancies, for both men and women, and for the children they bear. Why does unintended pregnancy occur? In discussions of "reasons behind the rates," the book examines Americans' ambivalence about sexuality and the many other social, cultural, religious, and economic factors that affect our approach to contraception. The committee explores the complicated web of peer pressure, life aspirations, and notions of romance that shape an individual's decisions about sex, contraception, and pregnancy. And the book looks at such practical issues as the attitudes of doctors toward birth control and the place of contraception in both health insurance and "managed care." The Best Intentions offers frank discussion, synthesis of data, and policy recommendations on one of today's most sensitive social topics. This book will be important to policymakers, health and social service personnel, foundation executives, opinion leaders, researchers, and concerned individuals. May
Book Synopsis Bare Branches by : Valerie M. Hudson
Download or read book Bare Branches written by Valerie M. Hudson and published by National Geographic Books. This book was released on 2005-09-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What happens to a society that has too many men? In this provocative book, Valerie Hudson and Andrea den Boer argue that, historically, high male-to-female ratios often trigger domestic and international violence. Most violent crime is committed by young unmarried males who lack stable social bonds. Although there is not always a direct cause-and-effect relationship, these surplus men often play a crucial role in making violence prevalent within society. Governments sometimes respond to this problem by enlisting young surplus males in military campaigns and high-risk public works projects. Countries with high male-to-female ratios also tend to develop authoritarian political systems. Hudson and den Boer suggest that the sex ratios of many Asian countries, particularly China and India—which represent almost 40 percent of the world's population—are being skewed in favor of males on a scale that may be unprecedented in human history. Through offspring sex selection (often in the form of sex-selective abortion and female infanticide), these countries are acquiring a disproportionate number of low-status young adult males, called "bare branches" by the Chinese. Hudson and den Boer argue that this surplus male population in Asia's largest countries threatens domestic stability and international security. The prospects for peace and democracy are dimmed by the growth of bare branches in China and India, and, they maintain, the sex ratios of these countries will have global implications in the twenty-first century.
Book Synopsis Gender-Biased Sex Selection in South Korea, India and Vietnam by : Laura Rahm
Download or read book Gender-Biased Sex Selection in South Korea, India and Vietnam written by Laura Rahm and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-18 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an in-depth analysis of the influence of public policy on sex selection. Three Asian countries were chosen for the comparative policy analysis, namely South Korea, India and Vietnam that share in common a historical legacy of son preference, high levels of sex imbalances and active policy response to curbing the growing demographic masculinization of their nations. The research based on the data collected from field work in the three countries shows that despite the adoption of very similar anti-sex selection policies the outcomes have been markedly different for each of the three countries. These unexpected diverse outcomes are explained partly by their different historical and cultural contexts, and partly to the different social, political and economic institutions and dynamics. This monograph offers careful and detailed explanations of both within and across country diversities in policy outcomes, pointing to the importance and the limits of cross-national policy learning and adoption, and raising questions about the efficacy of international organizations’ current approaches to global policy and knowledge transfer.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309468183 Total Pages :223 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis The Safety and Quality of Abortion Care in the United States by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book The Safety and Quality of Abortion Care in the United States written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-06-24 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abortion is a legal medical procedure that has been provided to millions of American women. Since the Institute of Medicine first reviewed the health implications of national legalized abortion in 1975, there has been a plethora of related scientific research, including well-designed randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, and epidemiological studies examining abortion care. This research has focused on examining the relative safety of abortion methods and the appropriateness of methods for different clinical circumstances. With this growing body of research, earlier abortion methods have been refined, discontinued, and new approaches have been developed. The Safety and Quality of Abortion Care in the United States offers a comprehensive review of the current state of the science related to the provision of safe, high-quality abortion services in the United States. This report considers 8 research questions and presents conclusions, including gaps in research.
Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 2) by : Robert Black
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 2) written by Robert Black and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-04-11 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk.
Book Synopsis The Economics of the Family by : Esther Redmount
Download or read book The Economics of the Family written by Esther Redmount and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2014-12-02 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fascinating look at the role that households—and the dynamics of families, in particular—play in creating economic growth and social stability in modern economies and markets. This timely compilation of essays examines the paradigm of family in the 21st century, delving into cohabitation, marriage, and divorce; the effects of modern family units on work and consumption; and the ramifications of life choices on economic growth and stability. The text ponders highly personal yet societal topics, such as who lives with whom and why; the reasons for low birth rates among highly educated, high-income women; and strategies busy parents use to balance career, parenthood, and personal life. Volume I explores the various profiles of families today, covering multi- or single-generational, single or dual parent, and same- or opposite-sex couples. Volume II considers how time and money are shared among family members and what impact this distribution of resources has on occupations, technology, and markets. The text scrutinizes the factors that drive family formation and dissolution, control population in countries all over the world, and contribute to a family's well-being and fortitude.
Book Synopsis From Death to Birth by : National Research Council
Download or read book From Death to Birth written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-01-12 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last 35 years or so have witnessed a dramatic shift in the demography of many developing countries. Before 1960, there were substantial improvements in life expectancy, but fertility declines were very rare. Few people used modern contraceptives, and couples had large families. Since 1960, however, fertility rates have fallen in virtually every major geographic region of the world, for almost all political, social, and economic groups. What factors are responsible for the sharp decline in fertility? What role do child survival programs or family programs play in fertility declines? Casual observation suggests that a decline in infant and child mortality is the most important cause, but there is surprisingly little hard evidence for this conclusion. The papers in this volume explore the theoretical, methodological, and empirical dimensions of the fertility-mortality relationship. It includes several detailed case studies based on contemporary data from developing countries and on historical data from Europe and the United States.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy by : Susan L. Averett
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy written by Susan L. Averett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transformation of women's lives over the past century is among the most significant and far-reaching of social and economic phenomena, affecting not only women but also their partners, children, and indeed nearly every person on the planet. In developed and developing countries alike, women are acquiring more education, marrying later, having fewer children, and spending a far greater amount of their adult lives in the labor force. Yet, because women remain the primary caregivers of children, issues such as work-life balance and the glass ceiling have given rise to critical policy discussions in the developed world. In developing countries, many women lack access to reproductive technology and are often relegated to jobs in the informal sector, where pay is variable and job security is weak. Considerable occupational segregation and stubborn gender pay gaps persist around the world. The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy is the first comprehensive collection of scholarly essays to address these issues using the powerful framework of economics. Each chapter, written by an acknowledged expert or team of experts, reviews the key trends, surveys the relevant economic theory, and summarizes and critiques the empirical research literature. By providing a clear-eyed view of what we know, what we do not know, and what the critical unanswered questions are, this Handbook provides an invaluable and wide-ranging examination of the many changes that have occurred in women's economic lives.
Book Synopsis The Global Family Planning Revolution by : Warren C. Robinson
Download or read book The Global Family Planning Revolution written by Warren C. Robinson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The striking upsurge in population growth rates in developing countries at the close of World War II gained force during the next decade. From the 1950s to the 1970s, scholars and advocacy groups publicized the trend and drew troubling conclusions about its economic and ecological implications. Private educational and philanthropic organizations, government, and international organizations joined in the struggle to reduce fertility. Three decades later this movement has seen changes beyond anyone's most optimistic dreams, and global demographic stabilization is expected in this century. The Global Family Planning Revolution preserves the remarkable record of this success. Its editors and authors offer more than a historical record. They disccuss important lessons for current and future initiatives of the international community. Some programs succeeded while others initially failed, and the analyses provide valuable guidance for emerging health-related policy objectives and responses to global challenges.
