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Sensor Systems For Biological Agent Attacks
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Book Synopsis Sensor Systems for Biological Agent Attacks by : National Research Council
Download or read book Sensor Systems for Biological Agent Attacks written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-12-11 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last ten years, there has been growing concern about potential biological attacks on the nation's population and its military facilities. It is now possible to detect such attacks quickly enough to permit treatment of potential victims prior to the onset of symptoms. The capability to "detect to warn", that is in time to take action to minimize human exposure, however, is still lacking. To help achieve such a capability, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) asked the National Research Council (NRC) to assess the development path for "detect to warn" sensors systems. This report presents the results of this assessment including analysis of scenarios for protecting facilities, sensor requirements, and detection technologies and systems. Findings and recommendations are provided for the most probable path to achieve a detect-to-warn capability and potential technological breakthroughs that could accelerate its attainment.
Book Synopsis Sensor Systems for Biological Agent Attacks: Protecting Buildings and Military Bases by :
Download or read book Sensor Systems for Biological Agent Attacks: Protecting Buildings and Military Bases written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past decade has seen a growing concern about the potential for biological attacks on this nation's homeland and its military facilities. This concern was dramatically underscored by the events in the fall of 2001. The attack against the World Trade Center and the Pentagon made clear terrorists interest in mass casualties rather than smaller events to call attention to their cause. And the introduction of B. anthracis into the U.S. mail showed a willingness by some to use biological agents and also demonstrated their ability to develop or acquire relatively high-grade agent. Fortunately, during the past decade the nation had also invested significantly in developing technology to detect and respond to such a biological attack. As a result of this investment, it is now possible to detect and identify biological agents in time (tens of minutes to hours) to pretreat potential victims before the onset of symptoms, thereby greatly reducing the consequences of most attacks. However, these time scales are still too long to enable the occupants of a facility to take some action to minimize their exposure for example, by altering airflow in a facility, sheltering in place, or evacuating the facility. Realizing the attractiveness of certain facilities as targets of biological attack and the desirability of minimizing the effects of any such attack not just by early treatment of exposed personnel but also by detection in time to minimize such exposures, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) chartered a study to examine the path to "detect to warn" sensors for facility protection. Specifically, DTRA asked that the study examine representative scenarios for facility protection, elucidate the driving sensor requirements, identify detection technologies and systems that have the potential for meeting those requirements, and chart a roadmap for attaining those capabilities.
Author :Committee on R&D Needs for Improving Civilian Medical Response to Chemical and Biological Terrorism Incidents Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309523141 Total Pages :303 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (95 download)
Book Synopsis Chemical and Biological Terrorism by : Committee on R&D Needs for Improving Civilian Medical Response to Chemical and Biological Terrorism Incidents
Download or read book Chemical and Biological Terrorism written by Committee on R&D Needs for Improving Civilian Medical Response to Chemical and Biological Terrorism Incidents and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-02-26 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The threat of domestic terrorism today looms larger than ever. Bombings at the World Trade Center and Oklahoma City's Federal Building, as well as nerve gas attacks in Japan, have made it tragically obvious that American civilians must be ready for terrorist attacks. What do we need to know to help emergency and medical personnel prepare for these attacks? Chemical and Biological Terrorism identifies the R&D efforts needed to implement recommendations in key areas: pre-incident intelligence, detection and identification of chemical and biological agents, protective clothing and equipment, early recognition that a population has been covertly exposed to a pathogen, mass casualty decontamination and triage, use of vaccines and pharmaceuticals, and the psychological effects of terror. Specific objectives for computer software development are also identified. The book addresses the differences between a biological and chemical attack, the distinct challenges to the military and civilian medical communities, and other broader issues. This book will be of critical interest to anyone involved in civilian preparedness for terrorist attack: planners, administrators, responders, medical professionals, public health and emergency personnel, and technology designers and engineers.
Book Synopsis Countering Bioterrorism by : National Research Council
Download or read book Countering Bioterrorism written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-01-03 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The attacks of September 11 and the release of anthrax spores revealed enormous vulnerabilities in the U.S. public-health infrastructure and suggested similar vulnerabilities in the agricultural infrastructure as well. The traditional public health response-surveillance (intelligence), prevention, detection, response, recovery, and attribution-is the paradigm for the national response not only to all forms of terrorism but also to emerging infectious diseases. Thus, investments in research on bioterrorism will have enormous potential for application in the detection, prevention, and treatment of emerging infectious diseases that also are unpredictable and against which we must be prepared. The deciphering of the human genome sequence and the complete elucidation of numerous pathogen genomes, our rapidly increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis and of immune responses, and new strategies for designing drugs and vaccines all offer unprecedented opportunities to use science to counter bioterrorist threats. But these same developments also allow science to be misused to create new agents of mass destruction. Hence the effort to confront bioterrorism must be a global one. Countering Bioterrorism makes the following recommendations: Recommendation 1: All agencies with responsibility for homeland security should work together to establish stronger and more meaningful working ties between the intelligence, S&T, and public health communities. Recommendation 2: Federal agencies should work cooperatively and in collaboration with industry to develop and evaluate rapid, sensitive, and specific early-detection technologies. Recommendation 3: Create a global network for detection and surveillance, making use of computerized methods for real-time reporting and analysis to rapidly detect new patterns of disease locally, nationally, and ultimately- internationally. The use of high-throughput methodologies that are being increasingly utilized in modern biological research should be an important component of this expanded and highly automated surveillance strategy. Recommendation 4: Use knowledge of complex biological patterns and high-throughput laboratory automation to classify and diagnose infections in patients in primary care settings. Recommendation 5: USDA should create an agency for control and prevention of plant disease. This agency should have the capabilities necessary to deal effectively with biothreats.
Book Synopsis BioWatch and Public Health Surveillance by : National Research Council
Download or read book BioWatch and Public Health Surveillance written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-25 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the attacks of September 11, 2001 and the anthrax letters, the ability to detect biological threats as quickly as possible became a top priority. In 2003 the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) introduced the BioWatch program-a federal monitoring system intended to speed detection of specific biological agents that could be released in aerosolized form during a biological attack. The present volume evaluates the costs and merits of both the current BioWatch program and the plans for a new generation of BioWatch devices. BioWatch and Public Health Surveillance also examines infectious disease surveillance through hospitals and public health agencies in the United States, and considers whether BioWatch and traditional infectious disease surveillance are redundant or complementary.
Book Synopsis An introduction to biological agent detection equipment for emergency first responders by :
Download or read book An introduction to biological agent detection equipment for emergency first responders written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Biological Agent Detection Equipment for Emergency First Responders by :
Download or read book An Introduction to Biological Agent Detection Equipment for Emergency First Responders written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook on Biological Warfare Preparedness by : S.J.S. Flora
Download or read book Handbook on Biological Warfare Preparedness written by S.J.S. Flora and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-10-05 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook on Biological Warfare Preparedness provides detailed information on biological warfare agents and their mode of transmission and spread. In addition, it explains methods of detection and medical countermeasures, including vaccine and post-exposure therapeutics, with specific sections detailing diseases, their transmission, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, vaccines, prevention and management. This book is useful reading for researchers and advanced students in toxicology, but it will also prove helpful for medical students, civil administration, medical doctors, first responders and security forces. As the highly unpredictable nature of any event involving biological warfare agents has given rise to the need for the rapid development of accurate detection systems, this book is a timely resource on the topic. Introduces different bacterial and viral agents, including Ebola and other emerging threats and toxins Discusses medical countermeasures, including vaccines and post-exposure therapeutics Includes a comprehensive review of current methods of detection
Book Synopsis Science and Technology of Terrorism and Counterterrorism by : Tushar K. Ghosh
Download or read book Science and Technology of Terrorism and Counterterrorism written by Tushar K. Ghosh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-08-29 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Citing viable homeland defense strategies, this book examines the potential agents, delivery methods, and toxic and nontoxic effects of possible nuclear, biological, and chemical terrorist attacks. Providing countermeasures for governmental and emergency first-response teams, the book covers the impact of WMDs on public health, agriculture, and eco
Book Synopsis Science and Technology of Terrorism and Counterterrorism, Second Edition by : Mark A. Prelas
Download or read book Science and Technology of Terrorism and Counterterrorism, Second Edition written by Mark A. Prelas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-08-10 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, resources on terrorism and counterterrorism tend to focus on the social, behavioral, and legal aspects of the subject, with minimal emphasis on the scientific and technological aspects. Taking into account these practical considerations, the second edition of Science and Technology of Terrorism and Counterterrorism discusses the nature of terrorism and the materials used by terrorists. It describes how intelligence professionals and law enforcement personnel can detect and destroy these materials, and how they can deal with terrorist groups. This volume begins by introducing the shift in analysis of terrorist attacks after September 11, 2001 and summarizes selected case studies. It discusses the origin and nature of terrorism and the factors involved in diplomacy. Covering a broad range of topics, the book examines: Aerosol dispersion of toxic materials Bioterrorism and the manufacture, detection, and delivery of biological agents Agricultural terrorism Nuclear terrorism and nuclear weapons systems, threats, and safeguards Chemical terrorism, including manufacture, detection, delivery, and decontamination Cyber-terrorism Personal protective equipment The role of government at federal, state, and local levels The role of international agencies and their resources, capabilities, and responsibilities The National Infrastructure Protection Plan As terrorist activities increase globally, it is critical that those charged with protecting the public understand the myriad of ways in which terrorists operate. While we cannot predict where, when, and how terrorists will strike, our vigilance in staying abreast of the terrorist threat is the only way to have a fighting chance against those who seek to destroy our world.
Download or read book High-Threat Biological Agents written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The anthrax mailings in 2001, which culminated in 5 deaths, 22 infections, and contamination of both postal and congressional buildings, intensified concerns about terrorist use of biological agents. This event increased Congressional interest in actions to limit the vulnerability of the United States to such attacks. High-threat biological agents, defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as Category A pathogens, are considered relatively easy to disseminate, have high mortality, and have the potential for major public health impacts. High-threat biological agents cause different symptoms in their victims, depending on the pathogen. Since the nature of these agents differs, no single treatment can be given in the case of a biological attack. As a result, treatment of the victims of a biological attack, especially one which is covert, may be difficult. The identification process for many pathogens may be complicated by their incubation period, and the lack of distinct symptoms early in the disease's progress. The difficulties in treating the various high-threat agents may place strain on the resources of the medical system, especially in the case of mass casualties. Protection from biological agents is an area of active research and development. The range of protection and detection equipment available to first responders has led to questions regarding equipment standardization and state and local preparedness. Development and distribution of vaccines continues to be a contentious issue. Attempts to detect biological releases using sensor technologies, or through analyzing public health data, continue to be implemented, but these technologies are in relatively early stages of development. It is unclear whether terrorist groups are capable of effectively using biological agents as weapons of mass destruction, but the relatively small amounts of pathogen that may be needed to execute a significant attack is a source of concern. Some suggest that terrorist interest in biological agents is increasing. However, others assert that technical difficulties would make mass casualty attacks unlikely. Current policies seek to reduce the proliferation of biological weapons by relying on both domestic and international controls, to increase the number of countermeasures available against such pathogens through research and development activities, to improve the nation's ability to detect pathogen releases, and to increase the ability of hospitals and care providers to treat mass casualties. Policymakers may be called upon to further address potential biological terrorism vulnerabilities, including overseeing the use of atmospheric monitoring equipment for pathogen detection; the direction of continued research and development into biological agent detectors; review of further research into protective equipment, prophylaxis and treatment against high-threat pathogens; and assessment of first responder emergency preparedness. This report will be updated as events warrant.
Book Synopsis Opportunities in Biotechnology for Future Army Applications by : National Research Council
Download or read book Opportunities in Biotechnology for Future Army Applications written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-07-11 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report surveys opportunities for future Army applications in biotechnology, including sensors, electronics and computers, materials, logistics, and medical therapeutics, by matching commercial trends and developments with enduring Army requirements. Several biotechnology areas are identified as important for the Army to exploit, either by direct funding of research or by indirect influence of commercial sources, to achieve significant gains in combat effectiveness before 2025.
Book Synopsis Defending the U.S. Air Transportation System Against Chemical and Biological Threats by : National Research Council
Download or read book Defending the U.S. Air Transportation System Against Chemical and Biological Threats written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-01-10 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, most terrorist attacks on civilian targets have involved the use of firearms or explosives, and current defensive strategies are aimed at preventing attacks perpetrated by such means. However, the use of the nerve agent sarin in 1995 to attack the Tokyo subway system, the use of the U.S. mail in 2001 to distribute letters containing anthrax spores, and the discovery in 2004 of the biological toxin ricin in U.S. Senate Office Buildings in Washington, D.C., demonstrate that chemical and biological agents have been added to terrorists' arsenals. Attacks involving chemical/biological agents are of great concern, not only because of the potential for mass casualties but also because there is no strategy or technology fielded today that can respond adequately to this threat. As the United States and other countries reassess the security measures they have in place to prevent or defend against such attacks, the risks to the air transportation system as a primary target become clear. Defending the U.S. Air Transportation System Against Chemical and Biological Threats is an exploration of defensive strategies that could be used to protect air transportation spaces (specifically, airport terminals and aircraft) against attack with chemical or biological agents and makes recommendations with respect to the role of TSA in implementing these strategies.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309471745 Total Pages :223 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Strategies for Effective Improvements to the BioWatch System by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Strategies for Effective Improvements to the BioWatch System written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-05-17 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BioWatch is the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS's) system for detecting an aerosolized biological attack using collectors that are positioned strategically across the country to continuously monitor the air for biological threats. As currently deployed, BioWatch collectors draw air through filters that field technicians collect daily and transport to laboratories, where professional technicians analyze the material collected on the filter for evidence of biological threats. As part of the BioWatch program's efforts to enhance its effectiveness and capabilities, particularly with regard to detecting biological threats in challenging indoor environments, DHS requested the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hold a workshop to explore alternative and effective biodetection systems for aerosolized biological agents that would meet BioWatch's technical and operational requirements, integrate into the existing system architecture and public health infrastructure, and be deployable by 2027. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :030947177X Total Pages :223 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Strategies for Effective Improvements to the BioWatch System by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Strategies for Effective Improvements to the BioWatch System written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-04-17 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BioWatch is the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS's) system for detecting an aerosolized biological attack using collectors that are positioned strategically across the country to continuously monitor the air for biological threats. As currently deployed, BioWatch collectors draw air through filters that field technicians collect daily and transport to laboratories, where professional technicians analyze the material collected on the filter for evidence of biological threats. As part of the BioWatch program's efforts to enhance its effectiveness and capabilities, particularly with regard to detecting biological threats in challenging indoor environments, DHS requested the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hold a workshop to explore alternative and effective biodetection systems for aerosolized biological agents that would meet BioWatch's technical and operational requirements, integrate into the existing system architecture and public health infrastructure, and be deployable by 2027. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Book Synopsis Technology for Combating WMD Terrorism by : P. Stopa
Download or read book Technology for Combating WMD Terrorism written by P. Stopa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-19 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much has been written on WMD terrorism, but few books present a systems approach to this problem. In this book, we present an integrated view of WMD terrorism. The threat section reviews several scenarios that a terrorist might use and a very comprehensive list of the possible biological organisms and compounds that can be used as biological, mid-spectrum, and chemical threats. In the science and technology section, the technical aspects of a successful defense against WMD agents are presented. Arguments are presented for the control of the release of scientific information to bolster CB defense. Approaches to biological agent detection and a system for ranking detection technologies are discussed next. The generic approach to biological screening and detection is then illustrated with some applications of generic detectors to water, food, and aerosol. The future of biological detection and identification is also presented, along with a call to perhaps change the paradigms that we are using. The last section of the book deals with response system planning. An example of regional cooperation is presented. Risk-based management is discussed and a practical example of this approach to emergency planning is presented. Arguments for an epidemiological reporting system are presented, while the last chapter discusses means to integrate the various components of a response system via a software tool.
Book Synopsis USAMRIID's Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook by : U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
Download or read book USAMRIID's Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook written by U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases and published by Imp. This book was released on 2001 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose for this handbook is to serve as a concise pocket-sized manual that will guide medical personnel in the prophylaxis and management of biological casulties. It is designed as a quick reference and overview, and is not intended as a definitive text on the medical management of biological casualties.
