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Sensitivity Of Radio Emission From Galaxy Clusters And Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies To Dark Matter Annihilation
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Book Synopsis Sensitivity of Radio Emission from Galaxy Clusters and Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies to Dark Matter Annihilation by : Jan-Erik Schönberg
Download or read book Sensitivity of Radio Emission from Galaxy Clusters and Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies to Dark Matter Annihilation written by Jan-Erik Schönberg and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Improving the Sensitivity of Gamma-ray Telescopes to Dark Matter Annihilation in Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies by :
Download or read book Improving the Sensitivity of Gamma-ray Telescopes to Dark Matter Annihilation in Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fermi-LAT Collaboration has studied the gamma-ray emission from a stacked population of dwarf spheroidal galaxies and used this information to set constraints on the dark matter annihilation cross section. Interestingly, their analysis uncovered an excess with a test statistic (TS) of 8.7. If interpreted naively, this constitutes a 2.95[sigma] local excess (p-value=0.003), relative to the expectations of their background model. In order to further test this interpretation, the Fermi-LAT team studied a large number of blank sky locations and found TS>8.7 excesses to be more common than predicted by their background model, decreasing the significance of their dwarf excess to 2.2[sigma](p-value=0.027). We argue that these TS>8.7 blank sky locations are largely the result of unresolved blazars, radio galaxies, and star-forming galaxies, and show that multiwavelength information can be used to reduce the degree to which such sources contaminate the otherwise blank sky. In particular, we show that masking regions of the sky that lie within 1° of sources contained in the BZCAT or CRATES catalogs reduce the fraction of blank sky locations with TS>8.7 by more than a factor of 2. Taking such multiwavelength information into account can enable experiments such as Fermi to better characterize their backgrounds and increase their sensitivity to dark matter in dwarf galaxies, the most important of which remain largely uncontaminated by unresolved point sources. We also note that for the range of dark matter masses and annihilation cross sections currently being tested by studies of dwarf spheroidal galaxies, simulations predict that Fermi should be able to detect a significant number of dark matter subhalos. These subhalos constitute a population of subthreshold gamma-ray point sources and represent an irreducible background for searches for dark matter annihilation in dwarf galaxies.
Book Synopsis Searches for Dark Matter Self-annihilation Signals from Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies and the Fornax Galaxy Cluster with Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes by : Björn Helmut Bastian Opitz
Download or read book Searches for Dark Matter Self-annihilation Signals from Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies and the Fornax Galaxy Cluster with Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes written by Björn Helmut Bastian Opitz and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nonthermal Emission from Galaxy Clusters by :
Download or read book Nonthermal Emission from Galaxy Clusters written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Galaxy clusters are the most massive gravitationally-bound objects in the universe. The bulk of the mass in a cluster is dark matter, while the dominant baryonic component is a thermal, X-ray emitting plasma. Radio observations of diffuse synchrotron emission indicate that galaxy clusters host a population of cosmic rays; however, the nature of this nonthermal component is not well-understood. In this dissertation, I investigate three sources of nonthermal emission in galaxy clusters. The first is star formation in galaxies, which is correlated to gamma-ray emission. I derive lower limits on the gamma-ray emission for nearby clusters by considering the emission from star formation in cluster galaxies. These lower limits sit about an order of magnitude below current upper limits on gamma rays in clusters and will be an important contributor to gamma-ray emission as upper limits improve over time. Dark matter annihilation, which produces relativistic particles that can result in a broad spectrum of emission in cluster environments, is another source of nonthermal emission. I use nondetections and marginal detections of diffuse radio emission in clusters to constrain dark matter annihilation. I derive limits on the annihilation cross section that are competitive with limits from the nondetection of gamma rays in clusters and show that the best objects for study in the radio are different than those in gamma rays, indicating that dark matter searches in the radio can be complementary to searches in other energy bands. I also investigate the cosmic ray population in the merging cluster A2319, which hosts a previously detected radio halo. I present new observations which reveal a two-component radio halo: a 2 Mpc region that extends far past the observable X-ray emission, and an 800 kpc "core" that is bounded by the X-ray cold front. I speculate on the origins of this structure, and show that a hadronic origin for this radio halo is disfavored. Finally, I discuss current ideas and future telescopes that will clarify and deepen our understanding of nonthermal emission in clusters.
Book Synopsis Particle Dark Matter by : Gianfranco Bertone
Download or read book Particle Dark Matter written by Gianfranco Bertone and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-07 with total page 763 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the dark matter problem in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology for graduate students and researchers.
Book Synopsis Constraining Dark Matter Through the Study of Merging Galaxy Clusters by : William Anthony Dawson
Download or read book Constraining Dark Matter Through the Study of Merging Galaxy Clusters written by William Anthony Dawson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority (~85%) of the matter in the universe is composed of dark matter, a mysterious particle that does not interact via the electromagnetic force yet does interact with all other matter via the gravitational force. Many direct detection experiments have been devoted to finding interactions of dark matter with baryonic matter via the weak force. To date only tentative and controversial evidence for such interactions has been found. While such direct detection experiments have ruled out the possibility that dark matter interacts with baryonic matter via a strong scale force, it is still possible that dark matter interacts with itself via a strong scale force and has a self-scattering cross-section of ~0.5 cm2g−1. In fact such a strong scale scattering force could resolve several outstanding astronomical mysteries: a discrepancy between the cuspy density profiles seen in [Lambda]CDM simulations and the cored density profiles observed in low surface brightness galaxies, dwarf spheroidal galaxies, and galaxy clusters, as well as the discrepancy between the significant number of massive Milky Way dwarf spheroidal halos predicted by [Lambda]CDM and the dearth of observed Milky Way dwarf spheroidal halos. Need: While such observations are in conflict with [Lambda]CDM and suggest that dark matter may self-scatter, each suffers from a baryonic degeneracy, where the observations might be explained by various baryonic processes (e.g., AGN or supernove feedback, stellar winds, etc.) rather than self-interacting dark matter (SIDM). In fact, the important scales of these observations often coincide with baryonic scales (e.g., the core size in clusters is few factors smaller than the radius of the brightest cluster galaxy). What is needed is a probe of SIDM where the expected effect cannot be replicated by the same processes responsible for the baryonic degeneracy in the aforementioned probes. Merging galaxy clusters are such a probe. During the merging process the effectively collisionless galaxies (~2% of the cluster mass) become dissociated from the collisional intracluster gas (~15% of the cluster mass). A significant fraction of the gas self-interacts during the merger and slows down at the point of collision. If dark matter lags behind the effectively collisionless galaxies then this is clear evidence that dark matter self-interacts. The expected galaxy-dark matter offset is typically >25 kpc (for cross-sections that would explain the other aforementioned issues with [Lambda]CDM), this is larger than the scales of that are plagued by the baryonic degeneracies. Task: To test whether dark matter self-interacts we have carried out a comprehensive survey of the dissociative merging galaxy cluster DLSCL J0916.2+2951 (also known as the Musket Ball Cluster). This survey includes photometric and spectroscopic observations to quantify the position and velocity of the cluster galaxies, weak gravitational lensing observations to map and weigh the mass (i.e., dark matter which comprises ~85% of the mass) of the cluster, Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect and X-ray observations to map and quantify the intracluster gas, and finally radio observations to search for associated radio relics, which had they been observed would have helped constrain the properties of the merger. Using this information in conjunction with a Monte Carlo analysis model I quantify the dynamic properties of the merger, necessary to properly interpret constraints on the SIDM cross-section. I compare the locations of the galaxies, dark matter and gas to constrain the SIDM cross-section. This dissertation presents this work. Findings: We find that the Musket Ball is a merger with total mass of 4.8(+3.2)(-1.5) x 1014M(sun). However, the dynamic analysis shows that the Musket Ball is being observed 1.1(+1.3)(-0.4) Gyr after first pass through and is much further progressed in its merger process than previously identified dissociative mergers (for example it is 3.4(+3.8)(1.4) times further progressed that the Bullet Cluster). By observing that the dark matter is significantly offset from the gas we are able to place an upper limit on the dark matter cross-section of [sigma](SIDM)m−1(DM)
Book Synopsis Multi-wavelength Emissions from Dark Matter Annihilation Processes in Galaxy Clusters Using Cosmological Simulations by : Remudin Reshid Mekuria
Download or read book Multi-wavelength Emissions from Dark Matter Annihilation Processes in Galaxy Clusters Using Cosmological Simulations written by Remudin Reshid Mekuria and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dark Matter Annihilation Factors in the Milky Way's Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies by :
Download or read book Dark Matter Annihilation Factors in the Milky Way's Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dark Matter Profiles and Annihilation in Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies by :
Download or read book Dark Matter Profiles and Annihilation in Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Study of the Galactic Center and Dark Matter Search with H.E.S.S. by : Lucia Rinchiuso
Download or read book Study of the Galactic Center and Dark Matter Search with H.E.S.S. written by Lucia Rinchiuso and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The H.E.S.S. (High Energy Spectroscopic System) experiment is an array of five Cherenkov telescopes that observe the sky in gamma-rays from about 100 GeV up to several ten TeV.Gamma rays are produced in violent non-thermal phenomena in the Universe in the neighborhood of pulsars, supernovae, black holes, ..., and could also be produced by the annihilation of dark matter particles.Numerous cosmological and astrophysical probes suggest that 85% of the total matter budget in the Universe is of unknown origin. This component of matter known as dark matter is non baryonic and could consist of yet undiscovered particles which privileged candidates are arguably massive particles with electroweak couplings with ordinary matter (WIMPs).Dark matter particles may annihilate into Standard Model particles in dense regions of the Universe. Among the annihilation products are photons which detection at high energy with ground-based Cherenkov telescopes could bring unique information on the nature of the dark matter.H.E.S.S. observes dark-matter-dense regions of the sky such as the Galactic Center and dwarf galaxy satellites of the Milky Way. A study on the interpretation of an excess of gamma-rays detected by H.E.S.S. at the Galactic Center in terms of acceleration of protons by a population of unresolved millisecond pulsars is performed.10 years of observations of the Galactic Center with the four-telescope H.E.S.S.-I array, five years of data taking towards the Galactic Center region with the full H.E.S.S.-II array and a two-years dataset towards newly discovered dwarf spheroidal galaxies are analyzed. The search for dark matter annihilation signals towards these targets provided the strongest limits so far on dark matter annihilation cross section in gamma rays of TeV energies. The potential of dark matter detection with the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) towards the inner Galactic halo are studied. They may annihilate into Standard Model particles in dense regions of the Universe. Among the annihilation products are high energy photons. The detection of these photons with ground-based Cherenkov telescopes may reveal the nature of the dark matter. H.E.S.S. have observed some dark-matter-dense regions of the sky likethe Galactic Center and dwarf galaxies satellites of the Milky Way. In this work 10 years of observations of the Galactic Center with the four-telescopes H.E.S.S.-I array, five years of data taking towards the Galactic Center region with the full H.E.S.S.-II array and a two-years dataset towards newly discovered dwarf spheroidal galaxies are analyzed. The searches for dark matter annihilation signals towards these targets produced the strongest limits so far on dark matter annihilation cross section in gamma rays of TeV energies.Perspectives of dark matter detection with the future array CTA (Cherenkov Telescope Array) towards the inner Galactic halo are also discussed. A study on the interpretation of an excess of gamma-rays detected by H.E.S.S. at the Galactic Center in terms of acceleration of protons by a population of unresolved millisecond pulsars complements the dark matter searches.
Book Synopsis Dark Matter Searches with the Fermi-LAT in the Direction of Dwarf Spheroidals by :
Download or read book Dark Matter Searches with the Fermi-LAT in the Direction of Dwarf Spheroidals written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Isotropic Radio Background and Annihilating Dark Matter by :
Download or read book The Isotropic Radio Background and Annihilating Dark Matter written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Observations by ARCADE-2 and other telescopes sensitive to low frequency radiation have revealed the presence of an isotropic radio background with a hard spectral index. The intensity of this observed background is found to exceed the flux predicted from astrophysical sources by a factor of approximately 5-6. In this article, we consider the possibility that annihilating dark matter particles provide the primary contribution to the observed isotropic radio background through the emission of synchrotron radiation from electron and positron annihilation products. For reasonable estimates of the magnetic fields present in clusters and galaxies, we find that dark matter could potentially account for the observed radio excess, but only if it annihilates mostly to electrons and/or muons, and only if it possesses a mass in the range of approximately 5-50 GeV. For such models, the annihilation cross section required to normalize the synchrotron signal to the observed excess is sigma v ̃(0.4-30) x 10-̂26 cm3̂/s, similar to the value predicted for a simple thermal relic (sigma v ̃3 x 10-̂26 cm3̂/s). We find that in any scenario in which dark matter annihilations are responsible for the observed excess radio emission, a significant fraction of the isotropic gamma ray background observed by Fermi must result from dark matter as well.
Book Synopsis Probing Cosmic Dark Matter and Dark Energy with Weak Gravitational Lensing Statistics by : Masato Shirasaki
Download or read book Probing Cosmic Dark Matter and Dark Energy with Weak Gravitational Lensing Statistics written by Masato Shirasaki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-18 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book the applicability and the utility of two statistical approaches for understanding dark energy and dark matter with gravitational lensing measurement are introduced. For cosmological constraints on the nature of dark energy, morphological statistics called Minkowski functionals (MFs) to extract the non-Gaussian information of gravitational lensing are studied. Measuring lensing MFs from the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Lensing survey (CFHTLenS), the author clearly shows that MFs can be powerful statistics beyond the conventional approach with the two-point correlation function. Combined with the two-point correlation function, MFs can constrain the equation of state of dark energy with a precision level of approximately 3–4 % in upcoming surveys with sky coverage of 20,000 square degrees. On the topic of dark matter, the author studied the cross-correlation of gravitational lensing and the extragalactic gamma-ray background (EGB). Dark matter annihilation is among the potential contributors to the EGB. The cross-correlation is a powerful probe of signatures of dark matter annihilation, because both cosmic shear and gamma-ray emission originate directly from the same dark matter distribution in the universe. The first measurement of the cross-correlation using a real data set obtained from CFHTLenS and the Fermi Large Area Telescope was performed. Comparing the result with theoretical predictions, an independent constraint was placed on dark matter annihilation. Future lensing surveys will be useful to constrain on the canonical value of annihilation cross section for a wide range of mass of dark matter annihilation. Future lensing surveys will be useful to constrain on the canonical value of annihilation cross section for a wide range of mass of dark matter.
Book Synopsis Modern Cosmology by : Scott Dodelson
Download or read book Modern Cosmology written by Scott Dodelson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2003-03-13 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An advanced text for senior undergraduates, graduate students and physical scientists in fields outside cosmology. This is a self-contained book focusing on the linear theory of the evolution of density perturbations in the universe, and the anisotropiesin the cosmic microwave background.
Book Synopsis Limits to Dark Matter Annihilation Cross-section from a Combined Analysis of MAGIC and Fermi-LAT Observations of Dwarf Satellite Galaxies by :
Download or read book Limits to Dark Matter Annihilation Cross-section from a Combined Analysis of MAGIC and Fermi-LAT Observations of Dwarf Satellite Galaxies written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present the first joint analysis of gamma-ray data from the MAGIC Cherenkov telescopes and the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) to search for gamma-ray signals from dark matter annihilation in dwarf satellite galaxies. We combine 158 hours of Segue 1 observations with MAGIC with 6-year observations of 15 dwarf satellite galaxies by the Fermi-LAT. We obtain limits on the annihilation cross-section for dark matter particle masses between 10 GeV and 100 TeV - the widest mass range ever explored by a single gamma-ray analysis. These limits improve on previously published Fermi-LAT and MAGIC results by up to a factor of two at certain masses. Our new inclusive analysis approach is completely generic and can be used to perform a global, sensitivity-optimized dark matter search by combining data from present and future gamma-ray and neutrino detectors.
Book Synopsis Advancing astrophysics with the square kilometre array : [proceedings from a meeting held in Giardini Naxos, Sicily, Italy, 9-13 June 2014] by :
Download or read book Advancing astrophysics with the square kilometre array : [proceedings from a meeting held in Giardini Naxos, Sicily, Italy, 9-13 June 2014] written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bounds on Cross-sections and Lifetimes for Dark Matter Annihilation and Decay Into Charged Leptons from Gamma-ray Observations of Dwarf Galaxies by :
Download or read book Bounds on Cross-sections and Lifetimes for Dark Matter Annihilation and Decay Into Charged Leptons from Gamma-ray Observations of Dwarf Galaxies written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We provide conservative bounds on the dark matter cross-section and lifetime from final state radiation produced by annihilation or decay into charged leptons, either directly or via an intermediate particle [phi]. Our analysis utilizes the experimental gamma-ray flux upper limits from four Milky Way dwarf satellites: HESS observations of Sagittarius and VERITAS observations of Draco, Ursa Minor, and Willman 1. Using 90% confidence level lower limits on the integrals over the dark matter distributions, we find that these constraints are largely unable to rule out dark matter annihilations or decays as an explanation of the PAMELA and ATIC/PPB-BETS excesses. However, if there is an additional Sommerfeld enhancement in dwarfs, which have a velocity dispersion ≈ 10 to 20 times lower than that of the local Galactic halo, then the cross-sections for dark matter annihilating through [phi]'s required to explain the excesses are very close to the cross-section upper bounds from Willman 1. Dark matter annihilation directly into [tau]'s is also marginally ruled out by Willman 1 as an explanation of the excesses, and the required cross-section is only a factor of a few below the upper bound from Draco. Finally, we make predictions for the gamma-ray flux expected from the dwarf galaxy Segue 1 for the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. We find that for a sizeable fraction of the parameter space in which dark matter annihilation into charged leptons explains the PAMELA excess, Fermi has good prospects for detecting a gamma-ray signal from Segue 1 after one year of observation.
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