Sensing Techniques for Next Generation Cognitive Radio Networks

Download Sensing Techniques for Next Generation Cognitive Radio Networks PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 152255355X
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (225 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sensing Techniques for Next Generation Cognitive Radio Networks by : Bagwari, Ashish

Download or read book Sensing Techniques for Next Generation Cognitive Radio Networks written by Bagwari, Ashish and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2018-08-30 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The inadequate use of wireless spectrum resources has recently motivated researchers and practitioners to look for new ways to improve resource efficiency. As a result, new cognitive radio technologies have been proposed as an effective solution. Sensing Techniques for Next Generation Cognitive Radio Networks is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the application of spectrum sensing techniques. While highlighting topics such as radio identification, compressive sensing, and wavelet transform, this publication explores the standards and the methods of cognitive radio network architecture. This book is ideally designed for IT and network engineers, practitioners, and researchers seeking current research on radio scene analysis for cognitive radios and networks.

Cognitive Radio. Future of Wireless Communication

Download Cognitive Radio. Future of Wireless Communication PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3656952795
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (569 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cognitive Radio. Future of Wireless Communication by : Pragnesh Patel

Download or read book Cognitive Radio. Future of Wireless Communication written by Pragnesh Patel and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific Essay from the year 2015 in the subject Communications - Technical Communication, , language: English, abstract: This Paper describes the shortage of Radio Spectrum that the world is facing today. The solution to this problem is cognitive radio. Cognitive radio and its briefs are explained here. Increase in demand of something is good for mankind as it shows their economic development. But there is a natural resource which creates problems whenever there is increase in demand. That resource is radio spectrum and technology to deal with is this problem is called as cognitive radio. Cognitive radio is been developed under DARPA – XG. Cognitive radio is next generation technology in which wireless communicators can use spectrum that is allotted to someone for commercial use under certain restrictions. Section I introduces with the problems faced for spectrum and Cognitive radio and Cognitive Radio Networks are described in Section II and Section III respectively. Section IV deals with Spectrum Assignment and related problems whereas Spectrum Sensing techniques are addressed in Section V. Section VI discusses Applications of Cognitive Radio and we finally conclude in Section VII.

Artificial Intelligent Techniques for Wireless Communication and Networking

Download Artificial Intelligent Techniques for Wireless Communication and Networking PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119821789
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (198 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Artificial Intelligent Techniques for Wireless Communication and Networking by : R. Kanthavel

Download or read book Artificial Intelligent Techniques for Wireless Communication and Networking written by R. Kanthavel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-02-24 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING The 20 chapters address AI principles and techniques used in wireless communication and networking and outline their benefit, function, and future role in the field. Wireless communication and networking based on AI concepts and techniques are explored in this book, specifically focusing on the current research in the field by highlighting empirical results along with theoretical concepts. The possibility of applying AI mechanisms towards security aspects in the communication domain is elaborated; also explored is the application side of integrated technologies that enhance AI-based innovations, insights, intelligent predictions, cost optimization, inventory management, identification processes, classification mechanisms, cooperative spectrum sensing techniques, ad-hoc network architecture, and protocol and simulation-based environments. Audience Researchers, industry IT engineers, and graduate students working on and implementing AI-based wireless sensor networks, 5G, IoT, deep learning, reinforcement learning, and robotics in WSN, and related technologies.

Cognitive Radio - An Enabler for Internet of Things

Download Cognitive Radio - An Enabler for Internet of Things PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000799298
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cognitive Radio - An Enabler for Internet of Things by : R. Kalidoss

Download or read book Cognitive Radio - An Enabler for Internet of Things written by R. Kalidoss and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internet of Things (IoT) deals with the interconnection of devices that can communicate with each other over the internet. Currently, several smart systems have evolved with the evolution in IoT. Cognitive Radio - an enabler for Internet of Things is a research level subject for all communication engineering students at undergraduate, post graduate and research levels. The contents of the book are designed to cover the prescribed syllabus for one semester course on the subject prescribed by universities. Concepts have been explained thoroughly in simple and lucid language. Mathematical analysis has been used wherever necessary followed by clear and lucid explanation of the findings and their implication. Key technologies presented include dynamic spectrum access, spectrum sensing techniques, IEEE 802.22 and different radio network architectures. Their role and use in the context of mobile broadband access in general is explained, giving both a high level overview and a detailed step by step explanation. The book includes a large number of diagrams, MATLAB examples, thereby enabling the readers to have a sound grasp of the concepts presented and their applications. This book is a must have resource for engineers and other professionals in the telecommunication industry working with cellular or wireless broadband technologies, helping comprehension of the process of utilization of the updated technology to enable being ahead competition.

Cognitive Radio and Interference Management: Technology and Strategy

Download Cognitive Radio and Interference Management: Technology and Strategy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1466620064
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (666 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cognitive Radio and Interference Management: Technology and Strategy by : Ku, Meng-Lin

Download or read book Cognitive Radio and Interference Management: Technology and Strategy written by Ku, Meng-Lin and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2012-08-31 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Broadcast spectrum is scarce, both in terms of our ability to access existing spectrum and as a result of access rules created by governments. An emerging paradigm called cognitive radio, however, has the potential to allow different systems to dynamically access and opportunistically exploit the same frequency band in an efficient way, thereby allowing broadcasters to use spectrum more efficiently. Cognitive Radio and Interference Management: Technology and Strategy brings together state-of-the-art research results on cognitive radio and interference management from both theoretical and practical perspectives. It serves as a bridge between people who are working to develop theoretical and practical research in cognitive radio and interference management, and therefore facilitate the future development of cognitive radio and its applications.

Cognitive Wireless Communication Networks

Download Cognitive Wireless Communication Networks PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387688323
Total Pages : 459 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (876 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cognitive Wireless Communication Networks by : Ekram Hossain

Download or read book Cognitive Wireless Communication Networks written by Ekram Hossain and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-23 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a unified view on the state-of-the-art of cognitive radio technology. It includes a set of research and survey articles featuring the recent advances in theory and applications of cognitive radio technology for the next generation (e.g., fourth generation) wireless communication networks. The contributed articles cover both the theoretical concepts (e.g., information-theoretic analysis) and system-level implementation issues.

Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio

Download Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000472035
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio by : Kamal M. Captain

Download or read book Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio written by Kamal M. Captain and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-12-30 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive reference text discusses concepts of cognitive radio and the advances in the field of spectrum sensing. This text discusses the concept of cognitive radio for next generation wireless communication and a very critical aspect of cognitive radio – that is, spectrum sensing – in detail. It covers important topics including narrowband spectrum sensing, wideband spectrum sensing, cooperative spectrum sensing, system and channel models, detection algorithms, approximation of decision statistics, and theoretical analysis of detection algorithms in detail. Separate chapters are dedicated to discussing the analysis and use of detection algorithms for narrowband spectrum sensing, wideband spectrum sensing, and cooperative wideband spectrum sensing. Aimed at graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of electrical engineering and electronics and communication engineering, this text: Discusses concepts of cognitive radio and research in spectrum sensing. Presents mathematical analysis of algorithms considering practical environment. Explains novel wideband spectrum sensing algorithms with detailed analysis. Provides mathematical derivations to help readers. Discusses basic spectrum sensing algorithms, from narrowband spectrum sensing to the more advanced wideband spectrum sensing.

Design, Implementation, and Analysis of Next Generation Optical Networks: Emerging Research and Opportunities

Download Design, Implementation, and Analysis of Next Generation Optical Networks: Emerging Research and Opportunities PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1522597697
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (225 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Design, Implementation, and Analysis of Next Generation Optical Networks: Emerging Research and Opportunities by : Imtiaz, Waqas Ahmed

Download or read book Design, Implementation, and Analysis of Next Generation Optical Networks: Emerging Research and Opportunities written by Imtiaz, Waqas Ahmed and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2019-07-05 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the end of the decade, approximately 50 billion devices will be connected over the internet using multiple services such as online gaming, ultra-high definition videos, and 5G mobile services. The associated data traffic demand in both fixed and mobile networks is increasing dramatically, causing network operators to have to migrate the existing optical networks towards next-generation solutions. The main challenge within this development stems from network operators having difficulties finding cost-effective next-generation optical network solutions that can match future high capacity demand in terms of data, reach, and the number of subscribers to support multiple network services on a common network infrastructure. Design, Implementation, and Analysis of Next Generation Optical Networks: Emerging Research and Opportunities is an essential reference source that discusses the next generation of high capacity passive optical access networks (PON) in terms of design, implementation, and analysis and offers a complete reference of technology solutions for next-generation optical networks. Featuring research on topics such as artificial intelligence, electromagnetic interface, and wireless communication, this book is ideally designed for researchers, engineers, scientists, and students interested in understanding, designing, and analyzing the next generation of optical networks.

Cognitive Radio and its Application for Next Generation Cellular and Wireless Networks

Download Cognitive Radio and its Application for Next Generation Cellular and Wireless Networks PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400718276
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cognitive Radio and its Application for Next Generation Cellular and Wireless Networks by : Hrishikesh Venkataraman

Download or read book Cognitive Radio and its Application for Next Generation Cellular and Wireless Networks written by Hrishikesh Venkataraman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-28 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a broad introduction to Cognitive Radio, which attempts to mimic human cognition and reasoning applied to Software Defined Radio and reconfigurable radio over wireless networks. It provides readers with significant technical and practical insights into different aspects of Cognitive Radio, starting from a basic background, the principle behind the technology, the inter-related technologies and application to cellular and vehicular networks, the technical challenges, implementation and future trends. The discussion balances theoretical concepts and practical implementation. Wherever feasible, the different concepts explained are linked to application of the corresponding scheme in a particular wireless standard. This book has two sections: the first section begins with an introduction to cognitive radio and discusses in detail various, inter-dependent technologies such as network coding, software-based radio, dirty RF, etc. and their relation to cognitive radio. The second section deals with two key applications of cognitive radio – next generation cellular networks and vehicular networks. The focus is on the impact and the benefit of having cognitive radio-based mechanisms for radio resource allocation, multihop data transmission, co-operative communication, cross-layer solutions and FPGA-level framework design, as well as the effect of relays as cognitive gateways and real-time, seamless multimedia transmission using cognitive radio.

Developments in Cognitive Radio Networks

Download Developments in Cognitive Radio Networks PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303064653X
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Developments in Cognitive Radio Networks by : Bodhaswar TJ Maharaj

Download or read book Developments in Cognitive Radio Networks written by Bodhaswar TJ Maharaj and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-14 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides holistic yet concise information on what modern cognitive radio networks are, how they work, and the possible future directions for them. The authors first present the most generic models of modern cognitive radio networks, taking into consideration their different architectural designs and classifications. While the spectrum resource is shown to be the most important resource for the cognitive radio networks, the book exposes the importance of the other resources that are needed to help drive the technology. The book then discusses in-depth the key tools (such as optimization and queuing theory) and techniques (such as cooperative diversity and relaying) that are being employed to formulate resource problems, investigate solutions, and interpret such solutions for useful and practical modern cognitive radio networks realization. Further, the book studies the impact of modern cognitive radio networks on other emerging technologies -- such as 5G, Internet of Things, and advanced wireless sensor networks -- and discusses the role that cognitive radio networks play in the evolution of smart cities and in the realization of a highly interconnected world. In discussing the future of the cognitive radio networks, the book emphasizes the need to advance new or improved tools, techniques, and solutions to address lingering problems in the aspects of resource realization and utilization, network complexity, network security, etc., which can potentially limit the cognitive radio networks in their stride to becoming one of the most promising technologies for the immediate and near future.

Robust Spectrum Sensing Techniques for Cognitive Radio Networks

Download Robust Spectrum Sensing Techniques for Cognitive Radio Networks PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Robust Spectrum Sensing Techniques for Cognitive Radio Networks by : Qi Huang

Download or read book Robust Spectrum Sensing Techniques for Cognitive Radio Networks written by Qi Huang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Advanced Sensing Techniques for Cognitive Radio

Download Advanced Sensing Techniques for Cognitive Radio PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319427849
Total Pages : 85 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advanced Sensing Techniques for Cognitive Radio by : Guodong Zhao

Download or read book Advanced Sensing Techniques for Cognitive Radio written by Guodong Zhao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-09 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This SpringerBrief investigates advanced sensing techniques to detect and estimate the primary receiver for cognitive radio systems. Along with a comprehensive overview of existing spectrum sensing techniques, this brief focuses on the design of new signal processing techniques, including the region-based sensing, jamming-based probing, and relay-based probing. The proposed sensing techniques aim to detect the nearby primary receiver and estimate the cross-channel gain between the cognitive transmitter and primary receiver. The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated by simulations in terms of several performance parameters, including detection probability, interference probability, and estimation error. The results show that the proposed sensing techniques can effectively sense the primary receiver and improve the cognitive transmission throughput. Researchers and postgraduate students in electrical engineering will find this an exceptional resource.

Fundamentals of Cognitive Radio

Download Fundamentals of Cognitive Radio PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111940584X
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Cognitive Radio by : Peyman Setoodeh

Download or read book Fundamentals of Cognitive Radio written by Peyman Setoodeh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-07-06 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive treatment of cognitive radio networks and the specialized techniques used to improve wireless communications The human brain, as exemplified by cognitive radar, cognitive radio, and cognitive computing, inspires the field of Cognitive Dynamic Systems. In particular, cognitive radio is growing at an exponential rate. Fundamentals of Cognitive Radio details different aspects of the human brain and provides examples of how it can be mimicked by cognitive dynamic systems. The text offers a communication-theoretic background, including information on resource allocation in wireless networks and the concept of robustness. The authors provide a thorough mathematical background with data on game theory, variational inequalities, and projected dynamic systems. They then delve more deeply into resource allocation in cognitive radio networks. The text investigates the dynamics of cognitive radio networks from the perspectives of information theory, optimization, and control theory. It also provides a vision for the new world of wireless communications by integration of cellular and cognitive radio networks. This groundbreaking book: Shows how wireless communication systems increasingly use cognition to enhance their networks Explores how cognitive radio networks can be viewed as spectrum supply chain networks Derives analytic models for two complementary regimes for spectrum sharing (open-access and market-driven) to study both equilibrium and disequilibrium behaviors of networks Studies cognitive heterogeneous networks with emphasis on economic provisioning for resource sharing Introduces a framework that addresses the issue of spectrum sharing across licensed and unlicensed bands aimed for Pareto optimality Written for students of cognition, communication engineers, telecommunications professionals, and others, Fundamentals of Cognitive Radio offers a new generation of ideas and provides a fresh way of thinking about cognitive techniques in order to improve radio networks.

Cognitive Radio Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Download Cognitive Radio Mobile Ad Hoc Networks PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441961720
Total Pages : 491 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cognitive Radio Mobile Ad Hoc Networks by : F. Richard Yu

Download or read book Cognitive Radio Mobile Ad Hoc Networks written by F. Richard Yu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-28 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive radios (CR) technology is capable of sensing its surrounding environment and adapting its internal states by making corresponding changes in certain operating parameters. CR is envisaged to solve the problems of the limited available spectrum and the inefficiency in the spectrum usage. CR has been considered in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), which enable wireless devices to dynamically establish networks without necessarily using a fixed infrastructure. The changing spectrum environment and the importance of protecting the transmission of the licensed users of the spectrum mainly differentiate classical MANETs from CR-MANETs. The cognitive capability and re-configurability of CR-MANETs have opened up several areas of research which have been explored extensively and continue to attract research and development. The book will describe CR-MANETs concepts, intrinsic properties and research challenges of CR-MANETs. Distributed spectrum management functionalities, such as spectrum sensing and sharing, will be presented. The design, optimization and performance evaluation of security issues and upper layers in CR-MANETs, such as transport and application layers, will be investigated.

Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks

Download Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119665442
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks by : Ghanshyam Singh

Download or read book Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks written by Ghanshyam Singh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-05-27 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SPECTRUM SHARING IN COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORKS Discover the latest advances in spectrum sharing in wireless networks from two internationally recognized experts in the field Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks: Towards Highly Connected Environments delivers an in-depth and insightful examination of hybrid spectrum access techniques with advanced frame structures designed for efficient spectrum utilization. The accomplished authors present the energy and spectrum efficient frameworks used in high-demand distributed architectures by relying on the self-scheduled medium access control (SMC-MAC) protocol in cognitive radio networks. The book begins with an exploration of the fundamentals of recent advances in spectrum sharing techniques before moving onto advanced frame structures with spectrum accessing approaches and the role of spectrum prediction and spectrum monitoring to eliminate interference. The authors also cover spectrum mobility, interference, and spectrum management for connected environments in substantial detail. Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks: Towards Highly Connected Environments offers readers a recent and rational theoretical mathematical model of spectrum sharing strategies that can be used for practical simulation of future generation wireless communication technologies. It also highlights ongoing trends, revealing fresh research outcomes that will be of interest to active researchers in the area. Readers will also benefit from: An inclusive study of connected environments, 3GPP Releases, and the evolution of wireless communication generations with a discussion of advanced frame structures and access strategies in cognitive radio networks A treatment of cognitive radio networks using spectrum prediction and monitoring techniques An analysis of the effects of imperfect spectrum monitoring on cognitive radio networks An exploration of spectrum mobility in cognitive radio networks using spectrum prediction and monitoring techniques An examination of MIMO-based CR-NOMA communication systems for spectral and interference efficient designs Perfect for senior undergraduate and graduate students in Electrical and Electronics Communication Engineering programs, Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks: Towards Highly Connected Environments will also earn a place in the libraries of professional engineers and researchers working in the field, whether in private industry, government, or academia.

Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks

Download Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319531476
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks by : Shweta Pandit

Download or read book Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks written by Shweta Pandit and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-12 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the use of the spectrum sharing techniques in cognitive radio technology, in order to address the problem of spectrum scarcity for future wireless communications. The authors describe a cognitive radio medium access control (MAC) protocol, with which throughput maximization has been achieved. The discussion also includes use of this MAC protocol for imperfect sensing scenarios and its effect on the performance of cognitive radio systems. The authors also discuss how energy efficiency has been maximized in this system, by applying a simple algorithm for optimizing the transmit power of the cognitive user. The study about the channel fading in the cognitive user and licensed user and power adaption policy in this scenario under peak transmit power and interference power constraint is also present in this book.

Cognitive Radio Networks

Download Cognitive Radio Networks PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420064215
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cognitive Radio Networks by : Yang Xiao

Download or read book Cognitive Radio Networks written by Yang Xiao and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-12-24 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fueled by ongoing and increasing consumer demand, the explosive growth in spectrum-based communications continues to tax the finite resources of the available spectrum. One possible solution, Cognitive Radio Network (CRN), allows unlicensed users opportunistic access to licensed bands without interfering with existing users. Although some initial s