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Selenium Supplementation In Cattle
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Book Synopsis Selenium Supplementation in Cattle by : Alejandro Ceballos-Marquez
Download or read book Selenium Supplementation in Cattle written by Alejandro Ceballos-Marquez and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soils in many regions of the world have low selenium (Se) content due to an uneven distribution of Se in the earth's crust. Selenium deficiency has been associated with a wide range of costly disorders in cattle, such as retained placenta, lowered milk production, reduced growth rate, altered immune responses and reduced disease resistance. Mastitis is likely to provide the most convincing evidence for the influence of Se on disease resistance. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of Se status and Se supplementation on milk Se concentration, and on indicators of udder health. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of oral Se supplementation on milk Se concentration in cattle indicated that milk Se concentration increased, on average, 0.16 mol/L, with a significant heterogeneity among studies. North American cows supplemented with Se yeast had higher milk Se concentration when measured approximately 75 d after the beginning of supplementation. This information provided the basis for tailoring daily animal requirements in order to enhance Se intake of consumers of dairy products. Mean cow-level milk Se concentration was considered marginal in 14% of dairy cows from Atlantic Canadian dairy herds. The risk of having a marginal Se status was highest when cows were pastured during the grazing season. Selenium status was not associated with the overall odds of new intramammary infections (IMI) in the dry period. However, new IMI caused by Streptococcus spp. and by other Gram-positive pathogens increased with higher milk Se concentration. Bulk tank milk Se from Canadian herds was not associated with milk production parameters or bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC). However, higher values of BTSe were associated with lower risk of being a Staph. aureus-positive herd. In pastured herds in Chile, whole blood activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) increased after Se supplementation beginning 45 days before calving, no matter what source of Se was used. Supplementation did not affect udder health in the subsequent lactation in multiparous cows, indicating that dietary basal Se intake (approximately 20% of the current recommendation) was adequate for preventing subclinical mastitis in pasture-based cows in Southern Chile. The effect of prepartum supplementation with a single injection of barium selenate or organic Se on the risk of IMI and SCC around calving in pastured first-lactation dairy heifers was studied in Chilean dairy herds. Supplementation was accompanied by a reduction in the prevalence of IMI and SCC at calving, but did not affect the risk of new IMI and SCC in milk during the balance of the first month of lactation. In conclusion, milk Se concentration does not appear to be a principal determinant of udder health in Atlantic Canadian dairy herds, or milk production parameters in Canadian dairy herds. However, higher values of BTSe may be associated with lower risk of being a Staph. aureus-positive herd. In cows raised in pastoral systems in Southern Chile, an intake of approximately 1 mg Se/cow/d was adequate for preventing subclinical mastitis during lactation. However, pre-calving Se supplementation appears beneficial for preventing subclinical mastitis shortly after calving in heifers grazing low Se pastures.
Book Synopsis Effect of Excess Dietary Selenium Supplementation on Holstein Cows by : Roger George Ellis
Download or read book Effect of Excess Dietary Selenium Supplementation on Holstein Cows written by Roger George Ellis and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Selenium Supplementation in Cattle on Aquatic Ecosystems in Northern California by : Ben Norman
Download or read book Effects of Selenium Supplementation in Cattle on Aquatic Ecosystems in Northern California written by Ben Norman and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selenium Supplementation and Selected Immune Responses of Beef Cattle by : William Sterrett Swecker
Download or read book Selenium Supplementation and Selected Immune Responses of Beef Cattle written by William Sterrett Swecker and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selenium Contamination in Water by : Pooja Devi
Download or read book Selenium Contamination in Water written by Pooja Devi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-05-12 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contamination of environment and water resources by Selenium (Se) and its oxyanions from various sources are emerging contaminants of significant health and environmental concern. The primary sources include agricultural drainage water, mine drainage, residues from fossil fuels, thermoelectric power plants, oil refineries, and metal ores. Various methods and technologies have been developed which focus on the treatment of selenium-containing waters and wastewater. High concentrations of selenium in water cause various adverse impact to human health, such as carcinogenic, genotoxic, and cytotoxic effects. But in the lower concentrations, it is a useful constituent of the biological system. The range between toxicity and deficiency of selenium is minimal (40 to 400 μg per day), due to its dual nature. Selenium Contamination in Water contains the latest status and information on selenium’s origin, its chemistry and its toxicity to humans. The book represents a comprehensive and advanced reference book for students, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in working in the field of metalloids, in particular selenium. A special emphasis is given on its geological distribution, monitoring techniques, and remedial technologies. As such, the authors critically analyze the various techniques used for the monitoring and removal of selenium from water. Featuring chapters arranged according to the major themes of the latest research, with specific case-studies from industrial experiences of selenium detection and removal, Selenium Contamination in Water will be particularly valued by researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in working in the field of metalloids including selenium.
Book Synopsis Selenium Supplementation of Grazing Beef Cattle by : Henry Werner Essig
Download or read book Selenium Supplementation of Grazing Beef Cattle written by Henry Werner Essig and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selenium Tolerance in Sheep and Selenium Supplementation Methods for Beef Cattle by : Paul Armand Davis
Download or read book Selenium Tolerance in Sheep and Selenium Supplementation Methods for Beef Cattle written by Paul Armand Davis and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Vitamin E and Selenium Supplementation in Parturient Dairy Cows by :
Download or read book Vitamin E and Selenium Supplementation in Parturient Dairy Cows written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Different Methods, Sources and Levels of Selenium Supplementation and Fertilization on Beef Cattle and Forage Tissue Levels by : Guillermo Valle
Download or read book Effects of Different Methods, Sources and Levels of Selenium Supplementation and Fertilization on Beef Cattle and Forage Tissue Levels written by Guillermo Valle and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Vitamin E and Selenium Supplementation for Dairy Cows by : K. Larry Smith
Download or read book Vitamin E and Selenium Supplementation for Dairy Cows written by K. Larry Smith and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selenium in the Environment by : Frankenberger
Download or read book Selenium in the Environment written by Frankenberger and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-06-10 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses the biochemical and geological cycling of selenium (Se), its worldwide distribution, and the factors controlling its fate and transport within and between major environmental media, presenting a global assessment of selenium's complex environmental behaviour. The focus of this work is upon Se management and remediation strategies.
Book Synopsis Mineral Tolerance of Animals by : National Research Council
Download or read book Mineral Tolerance of Animals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-01-22 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excess minerals in the diet and water of animals can have an adverse effect on animal health, consumers, and the environment. Preventing unsafe mineral exposure is a fundamental part of animal nutrition and management. At the request of the Food and Drug Administration, the National Academies convened a committee to make recommendations on animal tolerances and toxic dietary levels, updating a 1980 report on mineral tolerance in domestic animals. Based on a review of current scientific data and information, the report sets a "maximum tolerable level" (MTL) for each mineral as it applies to the diets of farm animals, poultry, and fish. The report includes an analysis of the effects of toxic levels in animal diets, and it identifies elements that pose potential human health concerns. The report recommends research that includes a better characterization of animal exposure to minerals through feedstuffs; a better understanding of the relationship between mineral concentrations in feed and water and the levels in consumer products such as meat, milk, and eggs; and more research on the maximum tolerable level of minerals for aquatic and companion animals.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Selenium Supplementation and Source on Performance and Selenium Status in Feedlot Cattle by : Molly J. McCray
Download or read book The Effects of Selenium Supplementation and Source on Performance and Selenium Status in Feedlot Cattle written by Molly J. McCray and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selenium in ruminant nutrition and health by : Peter Surai
Download or read book Selenium in ruminant nutrition and health written by Peter Surai and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2024-05-23 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selenium (Se) is an essential dietary trace element participating in the regulation of various physiological functions in humans and farm animals through its incorporation into a range of selenoproteins. Low Se content in main feed ingredients is a common problem worldwide and dietary Se supplementation is a current practice in ruminant nutrition. Recent research clearly proved that sodium selenite, used for the last 50 years as a feed supplement, is not an optimal form of Se. However, use of organic selenium in dairy and beef diets can help meet Se requirement and maintain health/high immunocompetence, productive and reproductive performance. The goal of this book is to provide up-to-date information about the roles of Se in ruminant nutrition and health. A special emphasis is given to the role of selenium as an essential part of the integrated antioxidant system. The concept of using organic Se in ruminant nutrition is described in detail with emphasis on selenomethionine as a storage form of Se in the body. Also, specific Se deficiency-related disorders in ruminants are described and the importance of Se in growth, development, immunity and reproduction is demonstrated. Molecular mechanisms of protective effects of Se under stressful conditions of commercial milk and meat production are characterized. This book will be of practical importance to dairy and beef producers, to nutritionists and vets as well as for animal scientists, students of agricultural colleges and universities. It will also be of interest for researchers in areas related to environmental sciences, food sciences, physiology, etc.
Book Synopsis Effects of Two Forms of Intrareticular Selenium Supplements on Beef Cow Selenium Status and on the Transfer of Selenium from Dam to Offspring by : Donald T. Campbell
Download or read book Effects of Two Forms of Intrareticular Selenium Supplements on Beef Cow Selenium Status and on the Transfer of Selenium from Dam to Offspring written by Donald T. Campbell and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two concurrent studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of selenium (Se) supplementation on beef cows. Trial 1 was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of two intrareticular Se supplementation delivery systems. Trial 2 was designed to evaluate the transfer of Se across the placenta and through the colostrum in beef cows. One hundred fifty, selenium (Se) deficient, pregnant crossbred beef cows were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: group A, negative control; group B, 1 Dura-Se bolus at 0 and 119 d; group C, 1 Dura-se at 0 d; and group D, 2 Permasel pellets at 0 d. Cattle were maintained on selenium deficient pastures or forages prepared from these pastures. Blood samples were collected from cows before treatment administration (0 time) and thereafter at 28, 52, 119, and 220 d. Calves from cows selected for data collection above were sampled at birth. Blood samples were collected from calves, prior to suckling, and were analyzed for whole blood selenium (WBSe) concentration. Colostrum samples were collected from dams and analyzed for total Se concentration. Additional samples were collected from calves 24-48 hours post suckling and analyzed for WBSe concentration and serum creatine kinase (CK) level. Weight and health data were recorded on all cows at each blood collection date. Birth weight, sex, and health were recorded on all calves at parturition. Whole blood selenium concentration of cows from all supplemented groups were significantly higher (P.001) than controls at all sample dates after treatments began. By the end of the 220 d study, treatment group B attained significantly higher (P.001) WBSe concentrations than any other group. Calves from all Se treated groups had significantly (P.001) higher WBSe concentrations, both pre- and post-suckling, than controls. Post-suckle WBSe concentration of calves were not significantly (P.05) different than pre-suckle concentrations in any of the groups. Colostrum selenium concentration from Se supplemented cows were significantly (P.001) higher than from control cows. No difference (P.05) was determined in plasma CK activities or birth weights between groups of calves. Seven animals died, two of which showed signs of Se deficiency. Necropsy of 5 calves provided no evidence linking these deaths to selenium treatments. No differences (P.05) in mortality between groups were determined.
Book Synopsis Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-27 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series of quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for healthy people. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) is the newest framework for an expanded approach developed by U.S. and Canadian scientists. This book discusses in detail the role of vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and the carotenoids in human physiology and health. For each nutrient the committee presents what is known about how it functions in the human body, which factors may affect how it works, and how the nutrient may be related to chronic disease. Dietary Reference Intakes provides reference intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for different groups based on age and gender, along with a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), designed to assist an individual in knowing how much is "too much" of a nutrient.
Book Synopsis Effects of Organic and Inorganic Selenium Supplementation During Late Gestation and Early Lactation on Beef Cow-calf Performance by : Christopher Robert Muegge
Download or read book Effects of Organic and Inorganic Selenium Supplementation During Late Gestation and Early Lactation on Beef Cow-calf Performance written by Christopher Robert Muegge and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Angus x Simmental cows (n = 48, BW = 594 kg, BCS = 5.26, Age = 2.7), pregnant with male fetuses, were used to determine the effect selenium (Se) source during the last 80 d of gestation and first 108 d of lactation on progeny feedlot performance. At 203 d in gestation, cows were blocked by body weight, age, breed composition, and calf sire, and allotted to 1 of 3 treatments: no Se, inorganic Se, or organic Se. Maternal diets were formulated to contain 10.4% CP and 0.90 Mcal/kg NEg during gestation and 12.1% CP and 1.01 Mcal/kg NEg during lactation. Basal diets contained 0.07 and 0.11 mg/kg Se for gestation and lactation diets; respectively. Diets were fed daily as a total mixed ration and Se was provided in a top-dress containing 0, 0.30 mg/kg Se as sodium selenite, or 0.30 mg/kg Se as Sel-PlexRTM. Treatment diets were fed through 108 d post-partum (DPP). At 68 DPP milk production was calculated using the weigh-suckle-weigh procedure and a milk sample was collected was at 62 DPP to determine composition. At 108 DPP cow-calf pairs were commingled until weaning at 216 DPP. At 28 d post-weaning, steers (n = 47, BW = 301 kg) were placed in individual pens and fed a diet formulated to provide 13.9% CP, 1.24 Mcal/kg NEg, and 0.10 mg/kg Se. The diet was delivered as total mixed ration once daily. Cow weight and BCS and calf birth weight did not differ at the beginning of the trial (P ≥ 0.55). Cow BW and BCS (P ≥ 0.85) did not differ between treatments at any time point during the study. Milk production, milk fat, and total solids ( P ≥ 0.38) did not differ among treatments. Milk protein tended to increase in cows fed inorganic Se compared to cows fed organic Se ( P = 0.07) and milk lactose tended to be greatest in cows fed organic Se (P = 0.10). Conception to AI and overall pregnancy rates did not differ between the diets (P ≥ 0.39). Calf weights and ADG did not differ for the 105 d experimental period (P ≥ 0.77) or for the entire pre-weaning period (P ≥ 0.33). Plasma Se concentration did not differ between treatments for the cows ( P ≥ 0.37). Liver Se concentration in cows fed inorganic and organic Se treatment were significantly greater than that of cows from the control treatment (P
