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Selective Separation Of Trivalent Actinides From Lanthanides By Aqueous Processing With Introduction Of Soft Donor Atoms
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Book Synopsis Selective Separation of Trivalent Actinides from Lanthanides by Aqueous Processing with Introduction of Soft Donor Atoms by :
Download or read book Selective Separation of Trivalent Actinides from Lanthanides by Aqueous Processing with Introduction of Soft Donor Atoms written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With increased application of MOX fuels and longer burnup times for conventional fuels, higher concentrations of the transplutonium actinides Am and Cm (and even heavier species like Bk and Cf) will be produced. The half-lives of the Am isotopes are significantly longer than those of the most important long-lived, high specific activity lanthanides or the most common Cm, Bk and Cf isotopes, thus the greatest concern as regards long-term radiotoxicity. With the removal and transmutation of Am isotopes, radiation levels of high level wastes are reduced to near uranium mineral levels within less than 1000 years as opposed to the time-fram if they remain in the wastes.
Book Synopsis Advanced Separation Techniques for Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and Radioactive Waste Treatment by : Kenneth L Nash
Download or read book Advanced Separation Techniques for Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and Radioactive Waste Treatment written by Kenneth L Nash and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-03-15 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced separations technology is key to closing the nuclear fuel cycle and relieving future generations from the burden of radioactive waste produced by the nuclear power industry. Nuclear fuel reprocessing techniques not only allow for recycling of useful fuel components for further power generation, but by also separating out the actinides, lanthanides and other fission products produced by the nuclear reaction, the residual radioactive waste can be minimised. Indeed, the future of the industry relies on the advancement of separation and transmutation technology to ensure environmental protection, criticality-safety and non-proliferation (i.e., security) of radioactive materials by reducing their long-term radiological hazard.Advanced separation techniques for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment provides a comprehensive and timely reference on nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment. Part one covers the fundamental chemistry, engineering and safety of radioactive materials separations processes in the nuclear fuel cycle, including coverage of advanced aqueous separations engineering, as well as on-line monitoring for process control and safeguards technology. Part two critically reviews the development and application of separation and extraction processes for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment. The section includes discussions of advanced PUREX processes, the UREX+ concept, fission product separations, and combined systems for simultaneous radionuclide extraction. Part three details emerging and innovative treatment techniques, initially reviewing pyrochemical processes and engineering, highly selective compounds for solvent extraction, and developments in partitioning and transmutation processes that aim to close the nuclear fuel cycle. The book concludes with other advanced techniques such as solid phase extraction, supercritical fluid and ionic liquid extraction, and biological treatment processes.With its distinguished international team of contributors, Advanced separation techniques for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment is a standard reference for all nuclear waste management and nuclear safety professionals, radiochemists, academics and researchers in this field. - A comprehensive and timely reference on nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment - Details emerging and innovative treatment techniques, reviewing pyrochemical processes and engineering, as well as highly selective compounds for solvent extraction - Discusses the development and application of separation and extraction processes for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment
Book Synopsis Selective Extraction of Trivalent Actinides from Lanthanides with Dithiophosphinic Acids and Tributylphosphate by :
Download or read book Selective Extraction of Trivalent Actinides from Lanthanides with Dithiophosphinic Acids and Tributylphosphate written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A variety of chemical systems have been developed to separate trivalent actinides from lanthanides based on the slightly stronger complexation of the trivalent actinides with ligands that contain soft donor atoms. The greater stability of the actinide complexes in these systems has often been attributed to a slightly greater covalent bonding component for the actinide ions relative to the lanthanide ions. The authors have investigated several synergistic extraction systems that use ligands with a combination of oxygen and sulfur donor atoms that achieve a good group separation of the trivalent actinides and lanthanides. For example, the combination of dicyclohexyldithiophosphinic acid and tributylphosphate has shown separation factors of up to 800 for americium over europium in a single extraction stage. Such systems could find application in advanced partitioning schemes for nuclear waste.
Book Synopsis Advanced Aqueous Separation Systems for Actinide Partitioning by :
Download or read book Advanced Aqueous Separation Systems for Actinide Partitioning written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most challenging aspects of advanced processing of used nuclear fuel is the separation of transplutonium actinides from fission product lanthanides. This separation is essential if actinide transmutation options are to be pursued in advanced fuel cycles, as lanthanides compete with actinides for neutrons in both thermal and fast reactors, thus limiting efficiency. The separation is difficult because the chemistry of Am3+ and Cm3+ is nearly identical to that of the trivalent lanthanides (Ln3+). The prior literature teaches that two approaches offer the greatest probability of devising a successful group separation process based on aqueous processes: 1) the application of complexing agents containing ligand donor atoms that are softer than oxygen (N, S, Cl- ) or 2) changing the oxidation state of Am to the IV, V, or VI state to increase the essential differences between Am and lanthanide chemistry (an approach utilized in the PUREX process to selectively remove Pu4+ and UO22+ from fission products). The latter approach offers the additional benefit of enabling a separation of Am from Cm, as Cm(III) is resistant to oxidation and so can easily be made to follow the lanthanides. The fundamental limitations of these approaches are that 1) the soft(er) donor atoms that interact more strongly with actinide cations than lanthanides form substantially weaker bonds than oxygen atoms, thus necessitating modification of extraction conditions for adequate phase transfer efficiency, 2) soft donor reagents have been seen to suffer slow phase transfer kinetics and hydro-/radiolytic stability limitations and 3) the upper oxidation states of Am are all moderately strong oxidants, hence of only transient stability in media representative of conventional aqueous separations systems. There are examples in the literature of both approaches having been described. However, it is not clear at present that any extant process is sufficiently robust for application at the scale necessary for commercial fuel processing supporting transmutation of transplutonium elements. This research project continued basic themes investigated by this research group during the past decade. In the Fuel Cycle Research and Development program at DOE, the current favorite process for accomplishing the separation of trivalent actinides from fission product lanthanides is the TALSPEAK process. TALSPEAK is a solvent extraction method (developed at Oak Ridge National Lab in the 1960s) based on the combination of a cation exchanging extractant (e.g., HDEHP), an actinide-selective aminopolycarboxylate complexing agent (e.g., DTPA), and a carboxylic acid buffer to control pH in the range of 3-4. Considerable effort has been expended in this research group during the past 8 years to elaborate the details of TALSPEAK in the interest of developing improved approaches to the operation of TALSPEAK-like systems. In this project we focused on defining aggregation phenomena in conventional TALSPEAK separations, on supporting the development of Advanced TALSPEAK processes, on profiling the aqueous complexation kinetics of lanthanides in TALSPEAK relevant aqueous media, on the design of new diglycolamide and N-donor extractants, and on characterizing cation-cation complexes of pentavalent actinides.
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :512 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Energy and Water Development Appropriations for Fiscal Year ... by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for Fiscal Year ... written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water, and Related Agencies Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :506 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (51 download)
Book Synopsis Energy and Water, and Related Agencies Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2006 by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water, and Related Agencies
Download or read book Energy and Water, and Related Agencies Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2006 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water, and Related Agencies and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Liquid-Phase Extraction by : Colin F. Poole
Download or read book Liquid-Phase Extraction written by Colin F. Poole and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-08-29 with total page 818 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid Phase Extraction thoroughly presents both existing and new techniques in liquid phase extraction. It not only provides all information laboratory scientists need for choosing and utilizing suitable sample preparation procedures for any kind of sample, but also showcases the contemporary uses of sample preparation techniques in the most important industrial and academic project environments, including countercurrent chromatography, pressurized-liquid extraction, single-drop Microextraction, and more. Written by recognized experts in their respective fields, it serves as a one-stop reference for those who need to know which technique to choose for liquid phase extraction. Used in conjunction with a similar release, Solid Phase Extraction, it allows users to master this crucial aspect of sample preparation. - Defines the current state-of-the-art in extraction techniques and the methods and procedures for implementing them in laboratory practice - Includes extensive referencing that facilitates the identification of key information - Aimed at both entry-level scientists and those who want to explore new techniques and methods
Book Synopsis Characterizing Mixed Ligand F-Element Complexes for Improved Actinide(III)/Lanthanide(III) Separations by : Ian Michael Hobbs
Download or read book Characterizing Mixed Ligand F-Element Complexes for Improved Actinide(III)/Lanthanide(III) Separations written by Ian Michael Hobbs and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seaborg and coworkers established in the 1950s that the most effective approach to accomplishing a lanthanide trivalent actinide group separation was to introduce donor atoms softer than oxygen, specifically Cl-- , into a low selectivity separation platform like Dowex 50 cation exchange resin. This soft-donor effect was attributed to the slightly stronger covalent contribution in the bonding of actinides to such ligands. A decade later, Weaver and Kappelmann developed the TALSPEAK concept, based on the introduction of multiple N-donor holdback reagents, like DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) to accomplish a similar separation. Though the chemistry of TALSPEAK is more complex than the soft donor-cation exchange separation, it did enable a potentially high throughput countercurrent solvent extraction approach to An(III)/Ln(III) separations with high separation factors. Because the covalency effect is relatively weak (7--8% increased bonding affinity for An(III) over similarly-sized Ln(III)), the adoption of reagents with more N-donor atoms increases separation efficiency. However, the octadentate DTPA suffers from some issues arising from the comparatively slow complexation/decomplexation kinetics of complex molecules. In the Advanced TALSPEAK system, the primary aqueous holdback reagent is HEDTA ((2 hyroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid), a pentadentate aminopolycarboxylate ligand, with three water molecules completing the cation coordination environment. The Ln(HEDTA)(OH2) 3 aqueous complex leaves room for the addition of a secondary soft donor ligand, for example iminodiacetic acid. In this report, selected results of an investigation of the thermodynamics and kinetics of such ternary complexes and their impact on Advanced TALSPEAK separations will be described.
Book Synopsis Innovative SANEX process for trivalent actinides separation from PUREX raffinate by : Michał Sypuła
Download or read book Innovative SANEX process for trivalent actinides separation from PUREX raffinate written by Michał Sypuła and published by Forschungszentrum Jülich. This book was released on 2014-03-27 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recycling of nuclear spent fuel and reduction of its radiotoxicity by separation of long-lived radionuclides would definitely help to close the nuclear fuel cycle ensuring sustainability of the nuclear energy. Partitioning of the main radiotoxicity contributors followed by their conversion into short-lived radioisotopes is known as partitioning and transmutation strategy. To ensure efficient transmutation of the separated elements (minor actinides) the content of lanthanides in the irradiation targets has to be minimised. This objective can be attained by solvent extraction using highly selective ligands that are able to separate these two groups of elements from each other. The objective of this study was to develop a novel process allowing co-separation of minor actinides and lanthanides from a high active acidic feed solution with subsequent actinide recovery using just one cycle, so-called innovative SANEX process. The conditions of each step of the process were optimised to ensure high actinide separation efficiency. Additionally, screening tests of several novel lipophilic and hydrophilic ligands provided by University of Twente were performed. These tests were aiming in better understanding the influence of the extractant structural modifications onto An(III)/Ln(III) selectivity and complexation properties. ...
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Trivalent Actinide/lanthanide Separation Using Hard/soft Donor Ligands by : William Forrest Smith
Download or read book Trivalent Actinide/lanthanide Separation Using Hard/soft Donor Ligands written by William Forrest Smith and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Interactions of Trivalent Lanthanides and Actinides with Solid-Phase Extractants by : Jennifer Anne Shusterman
Download or read book Interactions of Trivalent Lanthanides and Actinides with Solid-Phase Extractants written by Jennifer Anne Shusterman and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to successfully sequester and separate trivalent lanthanides and actinides has applications to the nuclear fuel cycle, processing of irradiated target materials, and nuclear forensics. The challenge in separating the trivalent lanthanides and actinides is their similar size and charge. As a result of this, standard size exclusion or ion exchange techniques become much more challenging. Instead of focusing on size or charge for separation, their differences in interactions with complexing ligands can be utilized. Another challenge in trivalent lanthanide and actinide separations is that these metals are often dissolved in highly acidic matrices. Thus, the stability of the extractant ligand used to complex the metal is at risk of degradation. The most common sequestration and separation routes based on complex formation for lanthanides and actinides use liquid-liquid separations, which can generate large volumes of hazardous organic waste. By moving to solid-liquid separations, in which the organic phase is replaced by a solid-phase extractant (SPE), the production of large volumes of waste can be minimized. The most common method of making SPEs for lanthanide and actinide separations is coating an organic extractant ligand on either a silica or polymer support. As a result of only coating the ligand rather than bonding it to the solid support, these materials can suffer from ligand degradation and detachment. Chapter 5 focuses on trivalent lanthanide and actinide interactions with a commercially available SPE. While those materials were found to have use for certain applications, their limitations motivated the organically-modified mesoporous silica (OMMS) development presented in Chapter 7. The work presented here is a study on solid-phase extractants for lanthanide and actinide separations, particularly focused on OMMS. The OMMS materials are made by covalently binding the extractant ligand to the mesoporous silica, to increase the stability of these SPEs in the presence of acidic media. Chapters 6 and 7 discuss the synthesis and characterization of two types of OMMS materials as well as macroscopic and molecular level studies of these materials with trivalent lanthanides and actinides. Additionally, the stability of the OMMS materials in the presence of acid was probed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The first OMMS material discussed is a caprolactam (CA)-modified mesoporous silica. The behavior of Eu(III), Sc(III), and Al(III) was studied with the CA-modified mesoporous silica. Al and Sc were studied as comparative trivalent metals that had smaller ionic radii than Eu. The results of batch sorption experiments and mainly solid-state NMR spectroscopy studies are presented. The acid stability studies showed that the CA-modified mesoporous silica degraded in two ways in the presence of acid: 1) the 7-membered ring of the ligand opened, and 2) a portion of the isolated ligands on the surface were cleaved at the silane anchor. It was determined that while the CA materials were not effective sorbents for Eu(III) from acidic matrices, they did bind Al(III) and Sc(III). Through the NMR studies, both Al and Sc were found to complex to the CA ligand and the surface silanols simultaneously. This work was the first time solid-state NMR had been used to study the surface, ligand, and metals directly of OMMS materials via their NMR active nuclei (29Si, 13C, 1H, 27Al, and 45Sc). The second OMMS material studied was a diglycolamide (DGA)-modified mesoporous silica. The main focus of this work was the interactions of the DGA-modified mesoporous silica with Eu(III) and Am(III), but also touched on other trivalent species such as La(III), Lu(III), and Y(III). Again, the stability of this material in the presence of acid was investigated using NMR spectroscopy and while the DGA ligand was found to withstand acid treatment, the isolated ligand cleavage at the silane anchor still occurred. The DGA-modified mesoporous silica was found to efficiently bind the trivalent species at high acid concentrations, particularly below pH 1. As a result of the mesoporous substrate and subsequently high ligand loading for the associated mass, the sorption capacity for Eu(III) (379 umol/g) was found to be higher than other diglycolamide SPEs. Through infrared spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy experiments, the trivalent metals were found to bind to the carbonyl and ether oxygens of the DGA ligand. Fluorescence spectroscopy of Eu(III) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies elucidated that the trivalent metals are complexing as three ligands per metal center. Proof-of-concept column experiments demonstrate the use of DGA-modified mesoporous silica as a stationary phase to which Eu was both sorbed and then eluted. A major focus of this work was the interplay of macroscopic and molecular level studies to best characterize metal interactions with OMMS materials. While both the bulk and molecular level investigations can provide information about these systems, neither gives the full picture in itself. In designing materials for separations, knowledge of the complete picture is necessary in order to best optimize methodologies and predict separation behavior.
Book Synopsis Lanthanides And Actinides, The: Synthesis, Reactivity, Properties And Applications by : Stephen T Liddle
Download or read book Lanthanides And Actinides, The: Synthesis, Reactivity, Properties And Applications written by Stephen T Liddle and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-12-30 with total page 727 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Lanthanides and Actinides: Synthesis, Reactivity, Properties and Applications constitutes an introduction to and comprehensive coverage of f-block chemistry encompassing the following areas: periodicity, natural occurrence and extraction, separations, electronic structure, coordination chemistry, organometallic chemistry, small molecule activation, catalysis, organic synthesis applications, magnetism, spectroscopy, computation, materials, photonics, solar cell technology, biological imaging, and technological applications. Under these subject areas the book provides a broad but deep coverage, providing basic overviews as well as detailed chapters on specific areas.This book, targeted at academics, postgraduates and advanced undergraduates, will serve as an ideal introductory text and key reference work to the Lanthanides and Actinides.
Book Synopsis Development of Nonadentate Ligands for the Selective Separation of Lanthanides and Actinides by : Ivan Fabe Dempsey Hyatt
Download or read book Development of Nonadentate Ligands for the Selective Separation of Lanthanides and Actinides written by Ivan Fabe Dempsey Hyatt and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: To meet the energy demands of the future, nuclear power provides one of the best options for providing electricity. The encumbrance that nuclear power bears is that the radioactive waste must be stored for many thousands of years. To counteract the problems associated with radioactive waste, the actinides can be separated from the waste stream in order to decrease waste volume and, after transmutation, decrease storage time of the hazardous materials. Transmutation of actinides is hindered by the presence of lanthanides lowering the efficiency of the process. The following work presents ligands that can separate these two groups of metals from each other. The design of the ligands is based on radioactive stability, hard-soft acid-base principles, and the use of environmentally friendly elements. Tridentate ligands with nitrogen donor groups can then be attached to a triphenoxymethane scaffold to make a rigid structure that bonds metals in a nonadentate fashion. Several computational methods were also used to investigate the geometric and electronic structure of the metal complexes.
Book Synopsis Aqueous Pyridine Ligands for Actinide Lanthanide Separations by : Nicolas Edwin F. Uhnak
Download or read book Aqueous Pyridine Ligands for Actinide Lanthanide Separations written by Nicolas Edwin F. Uhnak and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aromatic nitrogen donor (pyridine based) ligands have shown improved binding and dissociation kinetics over their aliphatic counterparts, and competitive complexation strength that make them a suitable replacement for traditional PAPC ligands in TALSPEAK and TALSPEAK-like extraction systems. To this end new pyridine and bipyridine based ligands have been synthesized to be used as actinide selective complexants when paired with a TALSPEAK or TALSPEAK-like solvent. Aqueous solubility limitations inherent to pyridine based ligands have been overcome by the addition of solubilizing functional groups such as 1-methylpiperazine, and iminodiacetic acid. Newly synthesized pyridine ligands have been characterized and evaluated in TALSPEAK or TALSPEAK-like combined extractant systems TALSPEAK-MME (Mixed Monofunctional Extractant) and ALSEP (Actinide Lanthanide SEParation) using radiotracer and stable metal solvent extraction studies. The findings of these studies and their implications to MA/Ln separation techniques are discussed in this dissertation.
Book Synopsis Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction by : Bruce A. Moyer
Download or read book Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction written by Bruce A. Moyer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-08-19 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growth in the world's nuclear industry, motivated by peaking world oil supplies, concerns about the greenhouse effect, and domestic needs for energy independence, has resulted in a heightened focus on the need for next-generation nuclear fuel-cycle technologies. Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction: A Series of Advances, Volume 19 provides a com
Book Synopsis Recent Progress in Actinides Separation Chemistry by : Zenko Yoshida
Download or read book Recent Progress in Actinides Separation Chemistry written by Zenko Yoshida and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1997 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book brings together some of the latest developments in solution chemistry and separation chemistry of f-block elements, which include (i) new solvent extraction systems and extractants for the separation of actinide and lanthanide elements, (ii) novel approach for fundamental solution chemistry study of solvent extraction reactions, and (iii) separation methods of new principle for f-block elements."--Publisher's website.
