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Seismic Imaging Fault Damage And Heal
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Book Synopsis Seismic Imaging, Fault Damage and Heal by : Yong-Gang Li
Download or read book Seismic Imaging, Fault Damage and Heal written by Yong-Gang Li and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2014-05-21 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting current approaches in observational and computational seismology, this book introduces advanced methods and techniques by means of case studies in earthquake research. Among others these include solving inverse seismologic problems, tomography for structure imaging, characterizing fault damage and healing, seismicity analysis for determining pre-shock moment release, and coupled solid-fluid models.
Book Synopsis Seismic Imaging, Fault Damage and Heal by : Yong-Gang Li
Download or read book Seismic Imaging, Fault Damage and Heal written by Yong-Gang Li and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting current approaches in observational and computational seismology, this book introduces advanced methods and techniques by means of case studies in earthquake research. Among others these include solving inverse seismologic problems, tomography for structure imaging, characterizing fault damage and healing, seismicity analysis for determining pre-shock moment release, and coupled solid-fluid models.
Book Synopsis Imaging, Modeling and Assimilation in Seismology by : Yong-Gang Li
Download or read book Imaging, Modeling and Assimilation in Seismology written by Yong-Gang Li and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2012-02-22 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work presents current approaches in geophysical research of earthquakes. A global authorship from top institutions presents case studies to model, measure, and monitor earthquakes. Among others a full-3D waveform tomography method is introduced, as well as propagator methods for modeling and imaging. In particular the earthquake prediction method makes this book a must-read for researchers in the field.
Book Synopsis Fault-Zone Guided Wave, Ground Motion, Landslide and Earthquake Forecast by : Yong-Gang Li
Download or read book Fault-Zone Guided Wave, Ground Motion, Landslide and Earthquake Forecast written by Yong-Gang Li and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-03-19 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers multi-disciplinary topics in observational, computational and applied geophysics in aspects of solid earth system. The authors provide an up-to-date overview for methods and techniques in seismology, with a focus on fault structure, strong ground motion and earthquake forecast based on full-3D earth structure models. Abundant of case studies make it a practical reference for researchers in seismology and applied geophysics.
Book Synopsis China Seismic Experimental Site by : Yong-Gang Li
Download or read book China Seismic Experimental Site written by Yong-Gang Li and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-10 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces an integrated conceptual framework of the China Seismic Experimental Site (CSES), describes its scientific challenges and research priorities, and reports preliminary results coming out of observational infrastructure in seismology, tectonophysics, geodesy, geophysics and geochemistry. Preliminary community fault model, community velocity model, and community strain rate model in the CSES are described in this book. A multidisciplinary test observation system includes GNSS, seismic array, and deep drilling system under construct around middle segment of the Xiansuihe-Xiaojiang fault and other seismogenic faults in the CSES which are also introduced. This book introduces multidisciplinary topics and a wide spectrum of solid earth system to describe various disciplines, methods, and techniques through the CSES. This book presents a vision of the CSES that is dedicated to deepen the scientific understanding of continental earthquake preparation and occurrence and enhance the disaster resilience of the society. It aims at establishing a field laboratory of earthquake science, in which international and interdisciplinary cooperation could be fostered and supported. Contents of this book include the following: • History of Seismic Experiment Sites in the World. • Launching of CSES Project: Seismicity, Existed Earthquake Monitoring Networks, and Historical Seismic Disasters. • Seismotectonics and Geodynamics of the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau with Implication for the CSES. • Theoretical Framework of CSES in View of Natural Science and in view of Social Science. • Updated Earthquake Monitoring Network in China. • CSES Community Models of Geology, Structure, and Deformation. • Earthquake Forecasting Models. • CSES Products: Massive Data Procession and Distribution. • A Review of the Field Expedition of the June 17, 2019, Changning, Sichuan, M6.0 Earthquake. • Rupture Structure and Earthquake Risk of the South Longmenshan Fault Viewed by Guided Waves. • Seismic Risk Assessment. • Model of a Seismic Experimental Site with Application to the Comparative Study between CSES and ASES.
Book Synopsis Properties and Processes of Crustal Fault Zones by : Yehuda Ben-Zion
Download or read book Properties and Processes of Crustal Fault Zones written by Yehuda Ben-Zion and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2015-06-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent theoretical developments, acquisitions of large seismic and other data sets, detailed geological studies and novel laboratory experiments offer new opportunities for advancing the understanding of fault zone and earthquake processes. The present and a previous volume provide broad state-of-the-art perspectives on earthquakes and crustal fault zones. Subjects discussed in this volume include imaging of fault zones and the crust, microstructural analyses of fault zone rocks, long paleoseismic record, inferences on stress, stress drops and fault geometries, properties of dynamic ruptures, generation and healing of rock damage, temporal changes of attenuation, postseismic deformation and scaling of earthquake source properties. The volume will be useful to students and professional researchers from Earth Sciences, Material Sciences, Physics and other disciplines, who are interested in properties and processes of earthquakes and faults.
Book Synopsis Mechanics, Structure and Evolution of Fault Zones by : Yehuda Ben-Zion
Download or read book Mechanics, Structure and Evolution of Fault Zones written by Yehuda Ben-Zion and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-30 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considerable progress has been made recently in quantifying geometrical and physical properties of fault surfaces and adjacent fractured and granulated damage zones in active faulting environments. There has also been significant progress in developing rheologies and computational frameworks that can model the dynamics of fault zone processes. This volume provides state-of-the-art theoretical and observational results on the mechanics, structure and evolution of fault zones. Subjects discussed include damage rheologies, development of instabilities, fracture and friction, dynamic rupture experiments, and analyses of earthquake and fault zone data.
Book Synopsis Living on an Active Earth by : National Research Council
Download or read book Living on an Active Earth written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-09-22 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The destructive force of earthquakes has stimulated human inquiry since ancient times, yet the scientific study of earthquakes is a surprisingly recent endeavor. Instrumental recordings of earthquakes were not made until the second half of the 19th century, and the primary mechanism for generating seismic waves was not identified until the beginning of the 20th century. From this recent start, a range of laboratory, field, and theoretical investigations have developed into a vigorous new discipline: the science of earthquakes. As a basic science, it provides a comprehensive understanding of earthquake behavior and related phenomena in the Earth and other terrestrial planets. As an applied science, it provides a knowledge base of great practical value for a global society whose infrastructure is built on the Earth's active crust. This book describes the growth and origins of earthquake science and identifies research and data collection efforts that will strengthen the scientific and social contributions of this exciting new discipline.
Book Synopsis Fault Zone Dynamic Processes by : Marion Y. Thomas
Download or read book Fault Zone Dynamic Processes written by Marion Y. Thomas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-06-09 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquakes are some of the most dynamic features of the Earth. This multidisciplinary volume presents an overview of earthquake processes and properties including the physics of dynamic faulting, fault fabric and mechanics, physical and chemical properties of fault zones, dynamic rupture processes, and numerical modeling of fault zones during seismic rupture. This volume examines questions such as: • What are the dynamic processes recorded in fault gouge? • What can we learn about rupture dynamics from laboratory experiments? • How do on-fault and off-fault properties affect seismic ruptures? • How do fault zones evolve over time? Fault Zone Dynamic Processes: Evolution of Fault Properties During Seismic Rupture is a valuable resource for scientists, researchers and students from across the geosciences interested in the earthquakes processes.
Download or read book Tectonic Faults written by Mark R. Handy and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists examine tectonic faulting on all scales--from seismic fault slip to the formation of mountain ranges--and discuss its connection to a wide range of global phenomena, including long-term climate change and evolution. Tectonic faults are sites of localized motion, both at the Earth's surface and within its dynamic interior. Faulting is directly linked to a wide range of global phenomena, including long-term climate change and the evolution of hominids, the opening and closure of oceans, and the rise and fall of mountain ranges. In Tectonic Faults, scientists from a variety of disciplines explore the connections between faulting and the processes of the Earth's atmosphere, surface, and interior. They consider faults and faulting from many different vantage points--including those of surface analysts, geochemists, material scientists, and physicists--and in all scales, from seismic fault slip to moving tectonic plates. They address basic issues, including the imaging of faults from Earth's surface to the base of the lithosphere and deeper, the structure and rheology of fault rocks, and the role of fluids and melt on the physical properties of deforming rock. They suggest strategies for understanding the interaction of faulting with topography and climate, predicting fault behavior, and interpreting the impacts on the rock record and the human environment. Using an Earth Systems approach, Tectonic Faults provides a new understanding of feedback between faulting and Earth's atmospheric, surface, and interior processes, and recommends new approaches for advancing knowledge of tectonic faults as an integral part of our dynamic planet.
Download or read book Advances in Geophysics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-02-26 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The critically acclaimed serialized review journal for over 50 years, Advances in Geophysics is a highly respected publication in the field of geophysics. Since 1952, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. Now in its 54th volume, it contains much material still relevant today--truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of geophysics. Contributions from leading authorities Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
Book Synopsis Bulk Time-dependent Properties of Fault Damage Zones by : Mayukh Talukdar
Download or read book Bulk Time-dependent Properties of Fault Damage Zones written by Mayukh Talukdar and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis aims to characterize the bulk time-dependent properties of fault damage zone rocks with a combination of field, experimental and numerical data. Damage zones are ubiquitous features of fault zones. They surround the primarily slip plane, and, in many cases, are characterized by the presence of pervasive fractures and clay minerals. Where fractures and clay minerals are present, they promote stable sliding along crack surfaces and grain boundaries, which allow damage zones to deform by bulk creep deformation. Such mesoscopic ductile deformation of damage zones facilitates fault healing following earthquakes because ductile deformation mechanisms in the shallow crust (e.g., compaction creep, pressure solution) typically involve volumetric contraction. Our data suggest that a substantial magnitude of strain takes place during the healing process, which is expected to relax fault shear stress during interseismic periods. To study this phenomenon, our research focused on calculating the stress magnitude in the damage zone in comparison to the host rock, exploring evidence of time-dependent deformation of the damage zones, and characterizing the time-dependent deformation and seismic velocity change of damage zones in comparison to intact host rock.
Book Synopsis Earthquake and Disaster Risk: Decade Retrospective of the Wenchuan Earthquake by : Yong-Gang Li
Download or read book Earthquake and Disaster Risk: Decade Retrospective of the Wenchuan Earthquake written by Yong-Gang Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-04 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents review papers and research articles focusing on the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, China, discussing cross-disciplinary and multiple thematic aspects of modern seismological, geophysical, geological and stochastic methodology and technology. Resulting from international and regional earthquake research and disaster mitigation collaborations, and written by international authors from multiple institutions and disciplines, it describes methods and techniques in earthquake science based on investigations of the Wenchuan earthquake. It also includes extensive reference lists to aid further research. The book helps both senior researchers and graduate students in earthquake science to broaden their horizons in data analysis, numerical modeling and structural retrieval for the tectonic, geological, geophysical and mechanical interpretation of the 2008 M8 Wenchuan earthquake to support a global and regional cooperation for preparedness, and the mitigation and management of seismic risk.
Book Synopsis Investigations of Fault Zone Behavior During Earthquake Cycles Using Hydrology and Geodesy by :
Download or read book Investigations of Fault Zone Behavior During Earthquake Cycles Using Hydrology and Geodesy written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigates processes of three stages of the earthquake cycle: interseismic, post-seismic and coseismic periods. For the inter-seismic period, this thesis explored the inter-seismic strain accumulation on the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica integrating InSAR and GPS data. This work demonstrates that the InSAR data can be used to recover small deformation signal of long wavelength with refined resolution when integrated with GPS observations. The spatial correlation between the distribution of coupling and the locations of slow slip events and low frequency events suggests that fluid and frictional heterogeneities may be the two main factors influencing coupling variations in the Nicoya, Costa Rica subduction zone. For the coseismic period, this thesis studied the coseismic friction associated with the 2008 MW 7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake using repeat measured temperature profiles across the fault slip zone, since measuring the heating signal on the fault zone after an earthquake is the most direct and efficient way to quantify the coseismic friction. The long-term temperature records following the Wenchuan Earthquake are consistent with low coseismic friction. The observed thermal anomalies above and within the fault zone cannot be the frictional transient from faulting and are likely a result of advective flow. For the post-seismic period, this thesis investigated the healing process after the Wenchuan Earthquake. The hydrogeologic properties of the fault zone can serve as a proxy for fracturing and the post-seismic recovery of fault strength, which is one of the major unconstrained elements of the earthquake cycle. We used continuous monitoring of borehole water response to tidal forcing to measure the continuous in-situ permeability properties of the Wenchuan Earthquake fault damage zone. Observed post-seismic episodically decreasing permeability over time indicates an interaction between the healing and damage in the aftermath of a major earthquake.
Book Synopsis Strike-slip Fault Structure and Fault-system Evolution by :
Download or read book Strike-slip Fault Structure and Fault-system Evolution written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In seismically active regions, faults nucleate, propagate, and form networks that evolve over time. Progressive strain localization and periodic fault pattern re-configuration induce the accumulation and healing of fault zone damage. The damage zones are characterized by distributed fractures, veins, and secondary faults, and may act as barriers for propagating earthquake ruptures, or as nucleation sites for earthquakes. They interact with seismic waves, promoting strong surface motions during earthquakes, and can focus fluid flow and enhance mineralization. In spite of their great scientific, social, and economic significance, interactions between these evolving damage zones and crustal deformation remain unresolved. Indeed, geodynamic models generally treat active faults as surfaces embedded in a medium with non-evolving material properties. For my dissertation projects, I have simulated fault system evolution over thousands of years, applying a rheological model which incorporates concepts of damage mechanics. This model accounts for crack nucleation, growth and concentration (i.e., material degradation), macroscopic failure, and material healing. My Simulations show that strike-slip faults form as segmented structures before evolving into contiguous, simpler structures. Flower structures rapidly form along fault segments (before a total offset of 0.05 km), and stepovers display extensive, permanent damage and ongoing seismicity throughout the seismogenic crust. My models also indicate that the "effectiveness" of material healing strongly affects the spatial extent of damage zones and long-term fault complexity. Effective healing promotes rapid evolution of segmented faults to a simpler through-going fault, and ineffective healing preserves fault complexities, resulting in long-lasting, distributed deformation. I also find that lateral contrasts in lithosphere viscosity structure (or effective plate thickness) attract evolving faults and cause damage and strain t.
Book Synopsis Geology of the Earthquake Source by : Åke Fagereng
Download or read book Geology of the Earthquake Source written by Åke Fagereng and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2011 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Professor Richard (Rick) Sibson revolutionized structural geology by illustrating that fault rocks contain an integrated record of earthquakes. Fault-rock textures develop in response to geological and physical variables such as composition, environmental conditions (e.g. temperature and pressure), fluid presence and strain rate. These parameters also determine the rate- and state-variable frictional stability of a fault, the dominant mineral deformation mechanism and shear strength, and ultimately control the partitioning between seismic and aseismic deformation. This volume contains a collection of papers that address the geological record of earthquake faulting from field-based or theoretical perspectives.
Book Synopsis Experimental Simulation of the Seismic Cycle in Fault Damage Zones by : Frans Aben
Download or read book Experimental Simulation of the Seismic Cycle in Fault Damage Zones written by Frans Aben and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquakes along large crustal scale faults are a huge hazard threatening large populations. The behavior of such faults is influenced by the fault damage zone that surrounds the fault core. Fracture damage in such fault damage zones influences each stage of the seismic cycle. The damage zone influences rupture mechanics, behaves as a fluid conduit to release pressurized fluids at depth or to give access to reactive fluids to alter the fault core, and facilitates strain during post- and interseismic periods. Also, it acts as an energy sink for earthquake energy. Here, laboratory experiments were performed to come to a better understanding of how this fracture damage is formed during coseismic transient loading, what this fracture damage can tell us about the earthquake rupture conditions along large faults, and how fracture damage is annihilated over time.First, coseismic damage generation, and specifically the formation of pulverized fault damage zone rock, is reviewed. The potential of these pulverized rocks as a coseismic marker for rupture mechanisms is discussed. Although these rocks are promising in that aspect, several open questions remain.One of these open questions is if the transient loading conditions needed for pulverization can be reduced by progressively damaging during many seismic events. The successive high strain rate loadings performed on quartz monzonites using a split Hopkinson pressure bar reveal that indeed the pulverization strain rate threshold is reduced by at least 50%.Another open question is why pulverized rocks are almost always observed in crystalline lithologies and not in more porous rock, even when crystalline and porous rocks are juxtaposed by a fault. To study this observation, high strain rate experiments were performed on porous Rothbach sandstone. The results show that pervasive pulverization below the grain scale, such as observed in crystalline rock, does not occur in the sandstone samples for the explored strain rate range (60-150 s-1). Damage is mainly occurs at a scale superior to that of the scale of the grains, with intragranular deformation occurring only in weaker regions where compaction bands are formed. The competition between inter- and intragranular damage during dynamic loading is explained with the geometric parameters of the rock in combination with two classic micromechanical models: the Hertzian contact model and the pore-emanated crack model. In conclusion, the observed microstructures can form in both quasi-static and dynamic loading regimes. Therefore caution is advised when interpreting the mechanism responsible for near-fault damage in sedimentary rock near the surface. Moreover, the results suggest that different responses of different lithologies to transient loading are responsible for sub-surface damage zone asymmetry.Finally, post-seismic annihilation of coseismic damage by calcite assisted fracture sealing has been studied in experiments, so that the coupling between strengthening and permeability of the fracture network could be studied. A sample-scale fracture network was introduced in quartz monzonite samples, followed exposure to upper crustal conditions and percolation of a fluid saturated with calcite for several months. A large recovery of up to 50% of the initial P-wave velocity drop has been observed after the sealing experiment. In contrast, the permeability remained more or less constant for the duration of the experiment. This lack of coupling between strengthening and permeability in the first stages of sealing is explained by X-ray computed micro tomography. Incipient sealing in the fracture spaces occurs downstream of flow barriers, thus in regions that do not affect the main fluid flow pathways. The decoupling of strength recovery and permeability suggests that shallow fault damage zones can remain fluid conduits for years after a seismic event, leading to significant transformations of the core and the damage zone of faults with time.
