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Author : Karl H. Müller
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783901941474
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (414 download)
Download or read book Second-order Science written by Karl H. Müller and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Bruce Clarke
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822391384
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)
Download or read book Emergence and Embodiment written by Bruce Clarke and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2009-10-30 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging in the 1940s, the first cybernetics—the study of communication and control systems—was mainstreamed under the names artificial intelligence and computer science and taken up by the social sciences, the humanities, and the creative arts. In Emergence and Embodiment, Bruce Clarke and Mark B. N. Hansen focus on cybernetic developments that stem from the second-order turn in the 1970s, when the cyberneticist Heinz von Foerster catalyzed new thinking about the cognitive implications of self-referential systems. The crucial shift he inspired was from first-order cybernetics’ attention to homeostasis as a mode of autonomous self-regulation in mechanical and informatic systems, to second-order concepts of self-organization and autopoiesis in embodied and metabiotic systems. The collection opens with an interview with von Foerster and then traces the lines of neocybernetic thought that have followed from his work. In response to the apparent dissolution of boundaries at work in the contemporary technosciences of emergence, neocybernetics observes that cognitive systems are operationally bounded, semi-autonomous entities coupled with their environments and other systems. Second-order systems theory stresses the recursive complexities of observation, mediation, and communication. Focused on the neocybernetic contributions of von Foerster, Francisco Varela, and Niklas Luhmann, this collection advances theoretical debates about the cultural, philosophical, and literary uses of their ideas. In addition to the interview with von Foerster, Emergence and Embodiment includes essays by Varela and Luhmann. It engages with Humberto Maturana’s and Varela’s creation of the concept of autopoiesis, Varela’s later work on neurophenomenology, and Luhmann’s adaptations of autopoiesis to social systems theory. Taken together, these essays illuminate the shared commitments uniting the broader discourse of neocybernetics. Contributors. Linda Brigham, Bruce Clarke, Mark B. N. Hansen, Edgar Landgraf, Ira Livingston, Niklas Luhmann, Hans-Georg Moeller, John Protevi, Michael Schiltz, Evan Thompson, Francisco J. Varela, Cary Wolfe
Author : Peter Suber
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262329565
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)
Download or read book Knowledge Unbound written by Peter Suber and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-04-06 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Influential writings make the case for open access to research, explore its implications, and document the early struggles and successes of the open access movement. Peter Suber has been a leading advocate for open access since 2001 and has worked full time on issues of open access since 2003. As a professor of philosophy during the early days of the internet, he realized its power and potential as a medium for scholarship. As he writes now, “it was like an asteroid crash, fundamentally changing the environment, challenging dinosaurs to adapt, and challenging all of us to figure out whether we were dinosaurs.” When Suber began putting his writings and course materials online for anyone to use for any purpose, he soon experienced the benefits of that wider exposure. In 2001, he started a newsletter—the Free Online Scholarship Newsletter, which later became the SPARC Open Access Newsletter—in which he explored the implications of open access for research and scholarship. This book offers a selection of some of Suber's most significant and influential writings on open access from 2002 to 2010. In these texts, Suber makes the case for open access to research; answers common questions, objections, and misunderstandings; analyzes policy issues; and documents the growth and evolution of open access during its most critical early decade.
Author : Raymond Augustine Bauer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Second-order Consequences written by Raymond Augustine Bauer and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Heinz von Foerster
Publisher : Fordham Univ Press
ISBN 13 : 082325562X
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (232 download)
Download or read book The Beginning of Heaven and Earth Has No Name written by Heinz von Foerster and published by Fordham Univ Press. This book was released on 2013-12-02 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heinz von Foerster was the inventor of second-order cybernetics, which recognizes the investigator as part of the system he is investigating. The Beginning of Heaven and Earth Has No Name provides an accessible, nonmathematical, and comprehensive overview of von Foerster’s cybernetic ideas and of the philosophy latent within them. It distills concepts scattered across the lifework of this scientific polymath and influential interdisciplinarian. At the same time, as a book-length interview, it does justice to von Foerster’s élan as a speaker and improviser, his skill as a raconteur. Developed from a week-long conversation between the editors and von Foerster near the end of his life, this work playfully engages von Foerster in developing the difference his notion of second-order cybernetics makes for topics ranging from emergence, life, order, and thermodynamics to observation, recursion, cognition, perception, memory, and communication. The book gives an English-speaking audience a new ease of access to the rich thought and generous spirit of this remarkable and protean thinker.
Author : David Bohm
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136922806
Total Pages : 510 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (369 download)
Download or read book Science, Order and Creativity written by David Bohm and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-10-04 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the foremost scientists and thinkers of our time, David Bohm worked alongside Oppenheimer and Einstein. In Science, Order and Creativity he and physicist F. David Peat propose a return to greater creativity and communication in the sciences. They ask for a renewed emphasis on ideas rather than formulae, on the whole rather than fragments, and on meaning rather than mere mechanics. Tracing the history of science from Aristotle to Einstein, from the Pythagorean theorem to quantum mechanics, the authors offer intriguing new insights into how scientific theories come into being, how to eliminate blocks to creativity and how science can lead to a deeper understanding of society, the human condition and the human mind itself. Science, Order and Creativity looks to the future of science with elegance, hope and enthusiasm.
Author : Gary M. Lieberman
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9789810228835
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (288 download)
Download or read book Second Order Parabolic Differential Equations written by Gary M. Lieberman and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction. Maximum principles. Introduction to the theory of weak solutions. Hölder estimates. Existence, uniqueness, and regularity of solutions. Further theory of weak solutions. Strong solutions. Fixed point theorems and their applications. Comparison and maximum principles. Boundary gradient estimates. Global and local gradient bounds. Hölder gradient estimates and existence theorems. The oblique derivative problem for quasilinear parabolic equations. Fully nonlinear equations. Introduction. Monge-Ampère and Hessian equations.
Author : Linguistic Politeness Research Group
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110238667
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (12 download)
Download or read book Discursive Approaches to Politeness written by Linguistic Politeness Research Group and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mouton Series in Pragmatics (MSP) is a timely response to the growing demand for innovative and authoritative monographs and edited volumes from all angles of pragmatics. Recent theoretical work on the semantics/pragmatics interface, applications of evolutionary biology to the study of language, and empirical work within cognitive and developmental psychology and intercultural communication has directed attention to issues that warrant reexamination, as well as revision of some of the central tenets and claims of the field of pragmatics. The series welcomes proposals that reflect this endeavour and exploration within the discipline and neighboring fields such as language philosophy, communication, information science, sociolinguistics, second language acquisition and cognitive science. MSP will provide a forum for authors who represent different subfields of pragmatics including the linguistic, cognitive, social, and intercultural paradigms, and have important and intriguing ideas and research findings to share with scholars who are interested in linguistics in general and pragmatics in particular.
Author : Franck van Breugel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780817639273
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (392 download)
Download or read book Comparative Metric Semantics of Programming Languages written by Franck van Breugel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last three decades several different styles of semantics for program ming languages have been developed. This book compares two of them: the operational and the denotational approach. On the basis of several exam ples we show how to define operational and denotational semantic models for programming languages. Furthermore, we introduce a general technique for comparing various semantic models for a given language. We focus on different degrees of nondeterminism in programming lan guages. Nondeterminism arises naturally in concurrent languages. It is also an important concept in specification languages. In the examples discussed, the degree of non determinism ranges from a choice between two alternatives to a choice between a collection of alternatives indexed by a closed interval of the real numbers. The former arises in a language with nondeterministic choices. A real time language with dense choices gives rise to the latter. We also consider the nondeterministic random assignment and parallel composition, both couched in a simple language. Besides non determinism our four example languages contain some form of recursion, a key ingredient of programming languages.
Author : Stewart Shapiro
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191524018
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)
Download or read book Foundations without Foundationalism written by Stewart Shapiro and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 1991-09-19 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central contention of this book is that second-order logic has a central role to play in laying the foundations of mathematics. In order to develop the argument fully, the author presents a detailed development of higher-order logic, including a comprehensive discussion of its semantics. Professor Shapiro demonstrates the prevalence of second-order notions in mathematics is practised, and also the extent to which mathematical concepts can be formulated in second-order languages . He shows how first-order languages are insufficient to codify many concepts in contemporary mathematics, and thus that higher-order logic is needed to fully reflect current mathematics. Throughout, the emphasis is on discussing the philosophical and historical issues associated with this subject, and the implications that they have for foundational studies. For the most part, the author assumes little more than a familiarity with logic as might be gained from a beginning graduate course which includes the incompleteness of arithmetic and the Lowenheim-Skolem theorems. All those concerned with the foundations of mathematics will find this a thought-provoking discussion of some of the central issues in this subject.
Author : R.P. Agarwal
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402008023
Total Pages : 700 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)
Download or read book Oscillation Theory for Second Order Linear, Half-Linear, Superlinear and Sublinear Dynamic Equations written by R.P. Agarwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-07-31 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this monograph, the authors present a compact, thorough, systematic, and self-contained oscillation theory for linear, half-linear, superlinear, and sublinear second-order ordinary differential equations. An important feature of this monograph is the illustration of several results with examples of current interest. This book will stimulate further research into oscillation theory. This book is written at a graduate level, and is intended for university libraries, graduate students, and researchers working in the field of ordinary differential equations.
Author : Peter Godfrey-Smith
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022677113X
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (267 download)
Download or read book Theory and Reality written by Peter Godfrey-Smith and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2021-07-16 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How does science work? Does it tell us what the world is “really” like? What makes it different from other ways of understanding the universe? In Theory and Reality, Peter Godfrey-Smith addresses these questions by taking the reader on a grand tour of more than a hundred years of debate about science. The result is a completely accessible introduction to the main themes of the philosophy of science. Examples and asides engage the beginning student, a glossary of terms explains key concepts, and suggestions for further reading are included at the end of each chapter. Like no other text in this field, Theory and Reality combines a survey of recent history of the philosophy of science with current key debates that any beginning scholar or critical reader can follow. The second edition is thoroughly updated and expanded by the author with a new chapter on truth, simplicity, and models in science.
Author : D. Gilbarg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 364296379X
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (429 download)
Download or read book Elliptic Partial Differential Equations of Second Order written by D. Gilbarg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is intended as an essentially self contained exposition of portions of the theory of second order quasilinear elliptic partial differential equations, with emphasis on the Dirichlet problem in bounded domains. It grew out of lecture notes for graduate courses by the authors at Stanford University, the final material extending well beyond the scope of these courses. By including preparatory chapters on topics such as potential theory and functional analysis, we have attempted to make the work accessible to a broad spectrum of readers. Above all, we hope the readers of this book will gain an appreciation of the multitude of ingenious barehanded techniques that have been developed in the study of elliptic equations and have become part of the repertoire of analysis. Many individuals have assisted us during the evolution of this work over the past several years. In particular, we are grateful for the valuable discussions with L. M. Simon and his contributions in Sections 15.4 to 15.8; for the helpful comments and corrections of J. M. Cross, A. S. Geue, J. Nash, P. Trudinger and B. Turkington; for the contributions of G. Williams in Section 10.5 and of A. S. Geue in Section 10.6; and for the impeccably typed manuscript which resulted from the dedicated efforts oflsolde Field at Stanford and Anna Zalucki at Canberra. The research of the authors connected with this volume was supported in part by the National Science Foundation.
Author : Stephen Wolfram
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780713991161
Total Pages : 1197 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (911 download)
Download or read book A New Kind of Science written by Stephen Wolfram and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 1197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work presents a series of dramatic discoveries never before made public. Starting from a collection of simple computer experiments---illustrated in the book by striking computer graphics---Wolfram shows how their unexpected results force a whole new way of looking at the operation of our universe. Wolfram uses his approach to tackle a remarkable array of fundamental problems in science: from the origin of the Second Law of thermodynamics, to the development of complexity in biology, the computational limitations of mathematics, the possibility of a truly fundamental theory of physics, and the interplay between free will and determinism.
Author : Alexander Riegler
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9813226277
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (132 download)
Download or read book New Horizons For Second-order Cybernetics written by Alexander Riegler and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In almost 60 articles this book reviews the current state of second-order cybernetics and investigates which new research methods second-order cybernetics can offer to tackle wicked problems in science and in society. The contributions explore its application to both scientific fields (such as mathematics, psychology and consciousness research) and non-scientific ones (such as design theory and theater science). The book uses a pluralistic, multifaceted approach to discuss these applications: Each main article is accompanied by several commentaries and author responses, which together allow the reader to discover further perspectives than in the original article alone. This procedure shows that second-order cybernetics is already on its way to becoming an idea shared by many researchers in a variety of disciplines.
Author : Carlos E. Kenig
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 0821803093
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (218 download)
Download or read book Harmonic Analysis Techniques for Second Order Elliptic Boundary Value Problems written by Carlos E. Kenig and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 1994 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, there has been a great deal of activity in the study of boundary value problems with minimal smoothness assumptions on the coefficients or on the boundary of the domain in question. These problems are of interest both because of their theoretical importance and the implications for applications, and they have turned out to have profound and fascinating connections with many areas of analysis. Techniques from harmonic analysis have proved to be extremely useful in these studies, both as concrete tools in establishing theorems and as models which suggest what kind of result might be true. Kenig describes these developments and connections for the study of classical boundary value problems on Lipschitz domains and for the corresponding problems for second order elliptic equations in divergence form. He also points out many interesting problems in this area which remain open.
Author : Ya-Zhe Chen
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 0821819240
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (218 download)
Download or read book Second Order Elliptic Equations and Elliptic Systems written by Ya-Zhe Chen and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 1998 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are two parts to the book. In the first part, a complete introduction of various kinds of a priori estimate methods for the Dirichlet problem of second order elliptic partial differential equations is presented. In the second part, the existence and regularity theories of the Dirichlet problem for linear and nonlinear second order elliptic partial differential systems are introduced. The book features appropriate materials and is an excellent textbook for graduate students. The volume is also useful as a reference source for undergraduate mathematics majors, graduate students, professors, and scientists.
