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Scientific Value Of Arctic Sea Ice Imagery Derived Products
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Book Synopsis Scientific Value of Arctic Sea Ice Imagery Derived Products by : National Research Council
Download or read book Scientific Value of Arctic Sea Ice Imagery Derived Products written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the 1990s, a government program brought together environmental scientists and members of the intelligence community to consider how classified assets and data could be applied to further the understanding of environmental change. As part of the Medea program, collection of overhead classified imagery of sea ice at four sites around the Arctic basin was initiated in 1999, and two additional sites were added in 2005. Collection of images during the summer months at these six locations has continued until the present day. Several hundred unclassified images with a nominal resolution of 1 meter have been derived from the classified images collected at the 6 Arctic sites. To assist in the process of making the unclassified derived imagery more widely useful, the National Research Council reviewed the derived images and considered their potential uses for scientific research. In this book, we explore the importance of sea ice in the Arctic and illustrate the types of information-often unique in its detail-that the derived images could contribute to the scientific discussion.
Book Synopsis Scientific Value of Arctic Sea Ice Imagery Derived Products by : National Research Council
Download or read book Scientific Value of Arctic Sea Ice Imagery Derived Products written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-07-30 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the 1990s, a government program brought together environmental scientists and members of the intelligence community to consider how classified assets and data could be applied to further the understanding of environmental change. As part of the Medea program, collection of overhead classified imagery of sea ice at four sites around the Arctic basin was initiated in 1999, and two additional sites were added in 2005. Collection of images during the summer months at these six locations has continued until the present day. Several hundred unclassified images with a nominal resolution of 1 meter have been derived from the classified images collected at the 6 Arctic sites. To assist in the process of making the unclassified derived imagery more widely useful, the National Research Council reviewed the derived images and considered their potential uses for scientific research. In this book, we explore the importance of sea ice in the Arctic and illustrate the types of information-often unique in its detail-that the derived images could contribute to the scientific discussion.
Book Synopsis The Global Cryosphere by : Roger G. Barry
Download or read book The Global Cryosphere written by Roger G. Barry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-05 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive account of all components of the Earth's cryosphere, including their past characteristics, and future states.
Book Synopsis National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces by : National Research Council
Download or read book National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-05-26 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), the National Research Council appointed a committee operating under the auspices of the Naval Studies Board to study the national security implications of climate change for U.S. naval forces. In conducting this study, the committee found that even the most moderate current trends in climate, if continued, will present new national security challenges for the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. While the timing, degree, and consequences of future climate change impacts remain uncertain, many changes are already underway in regions around the world, such as in the Arctic, and call for action by U.S. naval leadership in response. The terms of reference (TOR) directed that the study be based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios and other peer-reviewed assessment. Therefore, the committee did not address the science of climate change or challenge the scenarios on which the committee's findings and recommendations are based. National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces addresses both the near- and long-term implications for U.S. naval forces in each of the four areas of the TOR, and provides corresponding findings and recommendations. This report and its conclusions are organized around six discussion areas--all presented within the context of a changing climate.
Book Synopsis Monitoring Climate Change Impacts by : National Research Council
Download or read book Monitoring Climate Change Impacts written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-10-27 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stresses associated with climate change are expected to be felt keenly as human population grows to a projected 9 billion by the middle of this century, increasing the demand for resources and supporting infrastructure. Therefore, information to assess vulnerabilities to climate change is needed to support policies and investments designed to increase resilience in human and Earth systems. There are currently many observing systems that capture elements of how climate is changing, for example, direct measurements of atmospheric and ocean temperature. Although those measurements are essential for understanding the scale and nature of climate change, they do not necessarily provide information about the impacts of climate change on humans that are especially relevant for political and economic planning and decision making. Monitoring Climate Change Impacts tackles the challenge of developing an illustrative suite of indicators, measurements (and the locations around the globe where the measurements can be applied), and metrics that are important for understanding global climate change and providing insight into environmental sustainability. Eight panels provided input on: cryosphere, land-surface and terrestrial ecosystems, hydrology and water resources, atmosphere, human health and other dimensions, oceans (both physical and biological/chemical), and natural disasters. The book also provides an illustrative set of metrics that are likely to be affected by climate change over the next 20-25 years and, when taken together, can potentially give advance warning of climate-related changes to the human and environment systems.
Book Synopsis Sea Ice in the Arctic by : Ola M. Johannessen
Download or read book Sea Ice in the Arctic written by Ola M. Johannessen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-12 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides in-depth information about the sea ice in the Arctic at scales from paleoenvironmental variability to more contemporary changes during the past and present centuries. The book is based on several decades of research related to sea ice in the Arctic and its variability, sea ice process studies as well as implications of the sea ice variability on human activities. The chapters provide an extensive overview of the research results related to sea ice in the Arctic at paleo-scales to more resent scales of variations as well as projections for changes during the 21st century. The authors have pioneered the satellite remote sensing monitoring of sea ice and used other monitoring data in order to study, monitor and model sea ice and its processes.
Download or read book Antarctic Sea Ice, 1973-1976 written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data from the Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) on the Nimbus 5 satellite are used to determine the extent and distribution of Antarctic sea ice. The characteristics of the southern ocean, the mathematical formulas used to obtain quantitative sea ice concentrations, the general characteristics of the seasonal sea ice growth/decay cycle and regional differences, and the observed seasonal growth/decay cycle for individual years and interannual variations of the ice cover are discussed. The sea ice data from the ESMR are presented in the form of color-coded maps of the Antarctic and the southern oceans. The maps show brightness temperatures and concentrations of pack ice averaged for each month, 4-year monthly averages, and month-to-month changes. Graphs summarizing the results, such as areas of sea ice as a function of time in the various sectors of the southern ocean are included. The images demonstrate that satellite microwave data provide unique information on large-scale sea ice conditions for determining climatic conditions in polar regions and possible global climatic changes.
Book Synopsis Sea Ice Reconnaissance by Satellite Imagery by : Helen P. Nelson
Download or read book Sea Ice Reconnaissance by Satellite Imagery written by Helen P. Nelson and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effectiveness of Nimbus I Advanced Vidicon Camera System (AVCS) imagery for mapping Arctic sea ice is investigated in this report. A world-wide polar ice pack boundary, mapped solely from Nimbus I data, is presented. Numerous comparisons are made between ice conditions deduced from Nimbus I AVCS and other data sources and it is concluded that an AVCS imagery is highly effective for mapping detailed ice conditions on a week-to-week basis even under relatively poor weather conditions. (Author).
Author :National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :9780309145886 Total Pages :532 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (458 download)
Book Synopsis Advancing the Science of Climate Change by : National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate
Download or read book Advancing the Science of Climate Change written by National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-12-24 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities, and poses significant risks for--and in many cases is already affecting--a broad range of human and natural systems. The compelling case for these conclusions is provided in Advancing the Science of Climate Change, part of a congressionally requested suite of studies known as America's Climate Choices. While noting that there is always more to learn and that the scientific process is never closed, the book shows that hypotheses about climate change are supported by multiple lines of evidence and have stood firm in the face of serious debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. As decision makers respond to these risks, the nation's scientific enterprise can contribute through research that improves understanding of the causes and consequences of climate change and also is useful to decision makers at the local, regional, national, and international levels. The book identifies decisions being made in 12 sectors, ranging from agriculture to transportation, to identify decisions being made in response to climate change. Advancing the Science of Climate Change calls for a single federal entity or program to coordinate a national, multidisciplinary research effort aimed at improving both understanding and responses to climate change. Seven cross-cutting research themes are identified to support this scientific enterprise. In addition, leaders of federal climate research should redouble efforts to deploy a comprehensive climate observing system, improve climate models and other analytical tools, invest in human capital, and improve linkages between research and decisions by forming partnerships with action-oriented programs.
Download or read book Polar Remote Sensing written by Dan Lubin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-31 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The polar regions, perhaps more than any other places on Earth, give the geophysical scientist a sense of exploration. This sensibility is genuine, for not only is high-latitude ?eldwork arduous with many locations seldom or never visited, but there remains much fundamental knowledge yet to be discovered about how the polar regions interact with the global climate system. The range of opportunities for new discovery becomes strikingly clear when we realize that the high latitudes are not one region but are really two vastly di?erent worlds. The high Arctic is a frozen ocean surrounded by land, and is home to fragile ecosystems and unique modes of human habitation. The Antarctic is a frozen continent without regular human habitation, covered by ice sheets taller than many mountain ranges and surrounded by the Earth’s most forbidding ocean. When we consider global change as applied to the Arctic, we discuss impacts to a region whose surface and lower atmospheric temperatures are near the triple point of water throughout much of the year. The most consistent signatures of climate warming have occurred at northern high latitudes (IPCC, 2001), and the potential impacts of a few degrees increase in surface temperature include a reduction in sea ice extent, a positive feedback to climate warming due to lowering of surface albedo, and changes to surface runo? that might a?ect the Arctic Ocean’s salinity and circulation.
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing of Sea Ice in the Northern Sea Route by : Ola M. Johannessen
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Sea Ice in the Northern Sea Route written by Ola M. Johannessen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-30 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Sensing of Sea Ice in the Northern Sea Route: Studies and Applications initially provides a history of the Northern Sea Route as an important strategic transport route for supporting the northern regions of Russia and cargo transportation between Europe and the Northern Pacific Basin. The authors then describe sea ice conditions in the Eurasian Arctic Seas and, using microwave satellite data, provide a detailed analysis of difficult sea ice conditions. Remote sensing techniques and the basic principles of SAR image formation are described, as well as the major satellite radar systems used for ice studies in the Arctic. The authors take a good look at the use of sensing equipment in experiments, including the ICE WATCH project used for monitoring the Northern Sea Route. The possibilities of using SAR remote sensing for ice navigation in the Northern Sea Route is also detailed, analysing techniques of automatic image processing and interpretation. A study is provided of regional drifting ice, fast ice and river ice in the coastal areas of the Arctic Seas. The book concludes with a review of the practical experience using SAR images for supporting navigation and offshore industrial activity, based on a series of experiments conducted with the Murmansk Shipping Company on board nuclear icebreakers.
Book Synopsis Programs and Plans by : Environmental Research Laboratories (U.S.)
Download or read book Programs and Plans written by Environmental Research Laboratories (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Airborne Infrared Imagery of Arctic Sea Ice Thickness by : Peter M. Kuhn
Download or read book Airborne Infrared Imagery of Arctic Sea Ice Thickness written by Peter M. Kuhn and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Arctic Sea Ice Decline by : Eric T. DeWeaver
Download or read book Arctic Sea Ice Decline written by Eric T. DeWeaver and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-28 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 180. This volume addresses the rapid decline of Arctic sea ice, placing recent sea ice decline in the context of past observations, climate model simulations and projections, and simple models of the climate sensitivity of sea ice. Highlights of the work presented here include An appraisal of the role played by wind forcing in driving the decline; A reconstruction of Arctic sea ice conditions prior to human observations, based on proxy data from sediments; A modeling approach for assessing the impact of sea ice decline on polar bears, used as input to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's decision to list the polar bear as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act; Contrasting studies on the existence of a "tipping point," beyond which Arctic sea ice decline will become (or has already become) irreversible, including an examination of the role of the small ice cap instability in global warming simulations; A significant summertime atmospheric response to sea ice reduction in an atmospheric general circulation model, suggesting a positive feedback and the potential for short-term climate prediction. The book will be of interest to researchers attempting to understand the recent behavior of Arctic sea ice, model projections of future sea ice loss, and the consequences of sea ice loss for the natural and human systems of the Arctic.
Download or read book NASA Technical Memorandum written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of SAR Data of the Polar Oceans by : Costas Tsatsoulis
Download or read book Analysis of SAR Data of the Polar Oceans written by Costas Tsatsoulis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of the most recent and significant research on algorithms for the analysis of polar sea-ice SAR data. All algorithms are implemented and tested. One chapter is from the Alaskan SAR Facility, the major NASA archive of polar SAR data and a source of many SAR analysis algorithms, including high-level results of such analyses. One chapter has been written jointly by the US and Canadian Ice Centers, which provide e.g., operational sea-ice products to the shipping and oil-drilling industries and to polar explorations. This book will be useful to all researchers in the polar sciences community.
