Representation in Scientific Practice

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Publisher : Mit Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262620765
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (27 download)

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Book Synopsis Representation in Scientific Practice by : Michael Lynch

Download or read book Representation in Scientific Practice written by Michael Lynch and published by Mit Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this book provide an excellent introduction to the means by which scientists convey their ideas. While diverse in their subject matter, the essays are unified in asserting that scientists compose and use particular representations in contextually organized and contextually sensitive ways, and that these representations - particularly visual displays such as graphs, diagrams, photographs, and drawings - depend for their meaning on the complex activities in which they are situated.The topics include sociological orientations to representational practice, representation and the realist-constructivist controversy, the fixation of evidence, time and documents in researcher interaction, selection and mathematization in the visual documentation of objects in the life sciences, the use of illustrations in texts (E.0. Wilson's Sociobiology, a field guide to the birds), representing practice in cognitive science, the iconography of scientific texts, and semiotic analysis of scientific, representation.The contributors are K. Amann, Ronald Amerine, Françoise Bastide, Jack Bilmes, K. Knorr, Bruno Latour, John Law, Michael Lynch, Greg Meyers, Lucy A. Suchman, Paul Tibbetts, Steve Woolgar, and Steven Yearley.Michael Lynch is Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology at Boston University. Steve Woolgar is at the Centre for Research into Innovation Culture, and Technology at Brunel University, Uxbridge, England

Global Scientific Practice in an Age of Revolutions, 1750-1850

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Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN 13 : 0822981483
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Scientific Practice in an Age of Revolutions, 1750-1850 by : Patrick Manning

Download or read book Global Scientific Practice in an Age of Revolutions, 1750-1850 written by Patrick Manning and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2016-07-24 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The century from 1750 to 1850 was a period of dramatic transformations in world history, fostering several types of revolutionary change beyond the political landscape. Independence movements in Europe, the Americas, and other parts of the world were catalysts for radical economic, social, and cultural reform. And it was during this age of revolutions—an era of rapidly expanding scientific investigation—that profound changes in scientific knowledge and practice also took place. In this volume, an esteemed group of international historians examines key elements of science in societies across Spanish America, Europe, West Africa, India, and Asia as they overlapped each other increasingly. Chapters focus on the range of participants in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century science, their concentrated effort in description and taxonomy, and advancements in techniques for sharing knowledge. Together, contributors highlight the role of scientific change and development in tightening global and imperial connections, encouraging a deeper conversation among historians of science and world historians and shedding new light on a pivotal moment in history for both fields.

How Scientific Practices Matter

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Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226730080
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis How Scientific Practices Matter by : Joseph Rouse

Download or read book How Scientific Practices Matter written by Joseph Rouse and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can we understand the world as a whole instead of separate natural and human realms? Joseph T. Rouse proposes an approach to this classic problem based on radical new conceptions of both philosophical naturalism and scientific practice. Rouse begins with a detailed critique of modern thought on naturalism, from Neurath and Heidegger to Charles Taylor, Thomas Kuhn, and W. V. O. Quine. He identifies two constraints central to a philosophically robust naturalism: it must impose no arbitrarily philosophical restrictions on science, and it must shun even the most subtle appeals to mysterious or supernatural forces. Thus a naturalistic approach requires philosophers to show that their preferred conception of nature is what scientific inquiry discloses, and that their conception of scientific understanding is itself intelligible as part of the natural world. Finally, Rouse draws on feminist science studies and other recent work on causality and discourse to demonstrate the crucial role that closer attention to scientific practice can play in reclaiming naturalism. A bold and ambitious book, How Scientific Practices Matter seeks to provide a viable—yet nontraditional—defense of a naturalistic conception of philosophy and science. Its daring proposals will spark much discussion and debate among philosophers, historians, and sociologists of science.

Science as Practice and Culture

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Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226668207
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (266 download)

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Book Synopsis Science as Practice and Culture by : Andrew Pickering

Download or read book Science as Practice and Culture written by Andrew Pickering and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-11-15 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science as Practice and Culture explores one of the newest and most controversial developments within the rapidly changing field of science studies: the move toward studying scientific practice—the work of doing science—and the associated move toward studying scientific culture, understood as the field of resources that practice operates in and on. Andrew Pickering has invited leading historians, philosophers, sociologists, and anthropologists of science to prepare original essays for this volume. The essays range over the physical and biological sciences and mathematics, and are divided into two parts. In part I, the contributors map out a coherent set of perspectives on scientific practice and culture, and relate their analyses to central topics in the philosophy of science such as realism, relativism, and incommensurability. The essays in part II seek to delineate the study of science as practice in arguments across its borders with the sociology of scientific knowledge, social epistemology, and reflexive ethnography.

Natural Kinds and Classification in Scientific Practice

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317215427
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

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Book Synopsis Natural Kinds and Classification in Scientific Practice by : Catherine Kendig

Download or read book Natural Kinds and Classification in Scientific Practice written by Catherine Kendig and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume of 13 new essays aims to turn past discussions of natural kinds on their head. Instead of presenting a metaphysical view of kinds based largely on an unempirical vantage point, it pursues questions of kindedness which take the use of kinds and activities of kinding in practice as significant in the articulation of them as kinds. The book brings philosophical study of current and historical episodes and case studies from various scientific disciplines to bear on natural kinds as traditionally conceived of within metaphysics. Focusing on these practices reveals the different knowledge-producing activities of kinding and processes involved in natural kind use, generation, and discovery. Specialists in their field, the esteemed group of contributors use diverse empirically responsive approaches to explore the nature of kindhood. This groundbreaking volume presents detailed case studies that exemplify kinding in use. Newly written for this volume, each chapter engages with the activities of kinding across a variety of disciplines. Chapter topics include the nature of kinds, kindhood, kinding, and kind-making in linguistics, chemical classification, neuroscience, gene and protein classification, colour theory in applied mathematics, homology in comparative biology, sex and gender identity theory, memory research, race, extended cognition, symbolic algebra, cartography, and geographic information science. The volume seeks to open up an as-yet unexplored area within the emerging field of philosophy of science in practice, and constitutes a valuable addition to the disciplines of philosophy and history of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.

Scientific Method in Practice

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521017084
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Method in Practice by : Hugh G. Gauch

Download or read book Scientific Method in Practice written by Hugh G. Gauch and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the gateway to scientific thinking, an understanding of the scientific method is essential for success and productivity in science. This book is the first synthesis of the practice and the philosophy of the scientific method. It will enable scientists to be better scientists by offering them a deeper understanding of the underpinnings of the scientific method, thereby leading to more productive research and experimentation. It will also give scientists a more accurate perspective on the rationality of the scientific approach and its role in society. Beginning with a discussion of today's 'science wars' and science's presuppositions, the book then explores deductive and inductive logic, probability, statistics, and parsimony, and concludes with an examination of science's powers and limits, and a look at science education. Topics relevant to a variety of disciplines are treated, and clarifying figures, case studies, and chapter summaries enhance the pedagogy. This adeptly executed, comprehensive, yet pragmatic work yields a new synergy suitable for scientists and instructors, and graduate students and advanced undergraduates.

How Knowledge Grows

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Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 026237160X
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis How Knowledge Grows by : Chris Haufe

Download or read book How Knowledge Grows written by Chris Haufe and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-11-01 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An argument that the development of scientific practice and growth of scientific knowledge are governed by Darwin’s evolutionary model of descent with modification. Although scientific investigation is influenced by our cognitive and moral failings as well as all of the factors impinging on human life, the historical development of scientific knowledge has trended toward an increasingly accurate picture of an increasing number of phenomena. Taking a fresh look at Thomas Kuhn’s 1962 work, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, in How Knowledge Grows Chris Haufe uses evolutionary theory to explain both why scientific practice develops the way it does and how scientific knowledge expands. This evolutionary model, claims Haufe, helps to explain what is epistemically special about scientific knowledge: its tendency to grow in both depth and breadth. Kuhn showed how intellectual communities achieve consensus in part by discriminating against ideas that differ from their own and isolating themselves intellectually from other fields of inquiry and broader social concerns. These same characteristics, says Haufe, determine a biological population’s degree of susceptibility to modification by natural selection. He argues that scientific knowledge grows, even across generations of variable groups of scientists, precisely because its development is governed by Darwinian evolution. Indeed, he supports the claim that this susceptibility to modification through natural selection helps to explain the epistemic power of certain branches of modern science. In updating and expanding the evolutionary approach to scientific knowledge, Haufe provides a model for thinking about science that acknowledges the historical contingency of scientific thought while showing why we nevertheless should trust the results of scientific research when it is the product of certain kinds of scientific communities.

A Minimal Metaphysics for Scientific Practice

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009021052
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis A Minimal Metaphysics for Scientific Practice by : Andreas Hüttemann

Download or read book A Minimal Metaphysics for Scientific Practice written by Andreas Hüttemann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-01 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are the metaphysical commitments which best 'make sense' of our scientific practice (rather than our scientific theories)? In this book, Andreas Hüttemann provides a minimal metaphysics for scientific practice, i.e. a metaphysics that refrains from postulating any structure that is explanatorily irrelevant. Hüttemann closely analyses paradigmatic aspects of scientific practice, such as prediction, explanation and manipulation, to consider the questions whether and (if so) what metaphysical presuppositions best account for these practices. He looks at the role which scientific generalisation (laws of nature) play in predicting, testing, and explaining the behaviour of systems. He also develops a theory of causation in terms of quasi-inertial processes and interfering factors, and he proposes an account of reductive practices that makes minimal metaphysical assumptions. His book will be valuable for scholars and advanced students working in both philosophy of science and metaphysics.

Changing Order

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Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226113760
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Changing Order by : Harry Collins

Download or read book Changing Order written by Harry Collins and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1992-06-15 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fascinating study in the sociology of science explores the way scientists conduct, and draw conclusions from, their experiments. The book is organized around three case studies: replication of the TEA-laser, detecting gravitational rotation, and some experiments in the paranormal. "In his superb book, Collins shows why the quest for certainty is disappointed. He shows that standards of replication are, of course, social, and that there is consequently no outside standard, no Archimedean point beyond society from which we can lever the intellects of our fellows."—Donald M. McCloskey, Journal of Economic Psychology "Collins is one of the genuine innovators of the sociology of scientific knowledge. . . . Changing Order is a rich and entertaining book."—Isis "The book gives a vivid sense of the contingent nature of research and is generally a good read."—Augustine Brannigan, Nature "This provocative book is a review of [Collins's] work, and an attempt to explain how scientists fit experimental results into pictures of the world. . . . A promising start for new explorations of our image of science, too often presented as infallibly authoritative."—Jon Turney, New Scientist

Helping Students Make Sense of the World Using Next Generation Science and Engineering Practices

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Publisher : NSTA Press
ISBN 13 : 1941316956
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (413 download)

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Book Synopsis Helping Students Make Sense of the World Using Next Generation Science and Engineering Practices by : Christina V. Schwarz

Download or read book Helping Students Make Sense of the World Using Next Generation Science and Engineering Practices written by Christina V. Schwarz and published by NSTA Press. This book was released on 2017-01-31 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When it’s time for a game change, you need a guide to the new rules. Helping Students Make Sense of the World Using Next Generation Science and Engineering Practices provides a play-by-play understanding of the practices strand of A Framework for K–12 Science Education (Framework) and the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Written in clear, nontechnical language, this book provides a wealth of real-world examples to show you what’s different about practice-centered teaching and learning at all grade levels. The book addresses three important questions: 1. How will engaging students in science and engineering practices help improve science education? 2. What do the eight practices look like in the classroom? 3. How can educators engage students in practices to bring the NGSS to life? Helping Students Make Sense of the World Using Next Generation Science and Engineering Practices was developed for K–12 science teachers, curriculum developers, teacher educators, and administrators. Many of its authors contributed to the Framework’s initial vision and tested their ideas in actual science classrooms. If you want a fresh game plan to help students work together to generate and revise knowledge—not just receive and repeat information—this book is for you.

Error and Uncertainty in Scientific Practice

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317319478
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis Error and Uncertainty in Scientific Practice by : Marcel Boumans

Download or read book Error and Uncertainty in Scientific Practice written by Marcel Boumans and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-10-06 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessment of error and uncertainty is a vital component of both natural and social science. This edited volume presents case studies of research practices across a wide spectrum of scientific fields. It compares methodologies and presents the ingredients needed for an overarching framework applicable to all.

The Practice of Reproducible Research

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Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520294750
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis The Practice of Reproducible Research by : Justin Kitzes

Download or read book The Practice of Reproducible Research written by Justin Kitzes and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Practice of Reproducible Research presents concrete examples of how researchers in the data-intensive sciences are working to improve the reproducibility of their research projects. In each of the thirty-one case studies in this volume, the author or team describes the workflow that they used to complete a real-world research project. Authors highlight how they utilized particular tools, ideas, and practices to support reproducibility, emphasizing the very practical how, rather than the why or what, of conducting reproducible research. Part 1 provides an accessible introduction to reproducible research, a basic reproducible research project template, and a synthesis of lessons learned from across the thirty-one case studies. Parts 2 and 3 focus on the case studies themselves. The Practice of Reproducible Research is an invaluable resource for students and researchers who wish to better understand the practice of data-intensive sciences and learn how to make their own research more reproducible.

Denationalizing Science

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401712212
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Denationalizing Science by : E. Crawford

Download or read book Denationalizing Science written by E. Crawford and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Present trends indicate that in the years to come transnational science, whether basic or applied and involving persons, equipment or funding, will grow considerably. The main purpose of this volume is to try to understand the reasons for this denationalization of science, its historical contexts and its social forms. The Introduction to the volume sets out the socio-political, intellectual, and economic contexts for the nationalization and denationalization of the sciences, processes that have extended over four centuries. The articles examine the specific conditions that have given rise to the growth of transnational science in the 20th century. Among these are: the need for cognitive and technical standardization of scientific knowledge-products, pressure toward cost-sharing of large installations such as CERN, the voluntary and involuntary migration of scientists, and the global market for R&D products that has emerged at the end of the century. The volume raises many new questions for research by historians and sociologists of science and poses problems that are of concern both to scientists and science policy-makers.

A Framework for K-12 Science Education

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309214459
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis A Framework for K-12 Science Education by : National Research Council

Download or read book A Framework for K-12 Science Education written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-02-28 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science, engineering, and technology permeate nearly every facet of modern life and hold the key to solving many of humanity's most pressing current and future challenges. The United States' position in the global economy is declining, in part because U.S. workers lack fundamental knowledge in these fields. To address the critical issues of U.S. competitiveness and to better prepare the workforce, A Framework for K-12 Science Education proposes a new approach to K-12 science education that will capture students' interest and provide them with the necessary foundational knowledge in the field. A Framework for K-12 Science Education outlines a broad set of expectations for students in science and engineering in grades K-12. These expectations will inform the development of new standards for K-12 science education and, subsequently, revisions to curriculum, instruction, assessment, and professional development for educators. This book identifies three dimensions that convey the core ideas and practices around which science and engineering education in these grades should be built. These three dimensions are: crosscutting concepts that unify the study of science through their common application across science and engineering; scientific and engineering practices; and disciplinary core ideas in the physical sciences, life sciences, and earth and space sciences and for engineering, technology, and the applications of science. The overarching goal is for all high school graduates to have sufficient knowledge of science and engineering to engage in public discussions on science-related issues, be careful consumers of scientific and technical information, and enter the careers of their choice. A Framework for K-12 Science Education is the first step in a process that can inform state-level decisions and achieve a research-grounded basis for improving science instruction and learning across the country. The book will guide standards developers, teachers, curriculum designers, assessment developers, state and district science administrators, and educators who teach science in informal environments.

Scientific Foundations and Principles of Practice in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation

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Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 1416002502
Total Pages : 717 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Foundations and Principles of Practice in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation by : David J. Magee

Download or read book Scientific Foundations and Principles of Practice in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation written by David J. Magee and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2007-02-14 with total page 717 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Volume 2: Scientific Foundations and Principles of Practice provides a thorough review of the basic science information concerning the tissues of the musculoskeletal system impacted by injury or disease, as well as the guiding principles upon which rehabilitation interventions are based. This volume divides information into two sections: scientific foundations and principles of intervention, providing readers with a guiding set of clinical foundations and principles upon which they can easily develop treatment interventions for specific impairments and functional limitations. Clinical application case studies help readers apply what they learn in the classroom to real life situations. Evidence-based content uses over 5,000 references to support the basic science information principles for rehabilitation interventions and provide the best evidence and physiological reasoning for treatment. Over 180 tables and 275 text boxes highlight key points within the text for better understanding. Expert editors David Magee, PhD, PT, James Zachazewski, DPT, SCS, ATC, Sandy Quillen, PT, PhD, SCS, FACSM and over 70 contributors provide authoritative guidance on the foundations and principles of musculoskeletal rehabilitation practice.

The Mangle of Practice

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Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226668258
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (266 download)

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Book Synopsis The Mangle of Practice by : Andrew Pickering

Download or read book The Mangle of Practice written by Andrew Pickering and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-12-15 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ambitious book by one of the most original and provocative thinkers in science studies offers a sophisticated new understanding of the nature of scientific, mathematical, and engineering practice and the production of scientific knowledge. Andrew Pickering offers a new approach to the unpredictable nature of change in science, taking into account the extraordinary number of factors—social, technological, conceptual, and natural—that interact to affect the creation of scientific knowledge. In his view, machines, instruments, facts, theories, conceptual and mathematical structures, disciplined practices, and human beings are in constantly shifting relationships with one another—"mangled" together in unforeseeable ways that are shaped by the contingencies of culture, time, and place. Situating material as well as human agency in their larger cultural context, Pickering uses case studies to show how this picture of the open, changeable nature of science advances a richer understanding of scientific work both past and present. Pickering examines in detail the building of the bubble chamber in particle physics, the search for the quark, the construction of the quarternion system in mathematics, and the introduction of computer-controlled machine tools in industry. He uses these examples to address the most basic elements of scientific practice—the development of experimental apparatus, the production of facts, the development of theory, and the interrelation of machines and social organization.

Science and the Garden

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1444360353
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (443 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and the Garden by : David S. Ingram

Download or read book Science and the Garden written by David S. Ingram and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-26 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A thorough update and the introduction of new topics such as biodiversity and conservation has greatly enhanced this new edition: it is a 'must read' for all interested in horticulture and gardening." —John MacLeod, RHS Professor of Horticulture Most conventional gardening books concentrate on how and when to carry out horticultural tasks such as pruning, seed sowing and taking cuttings. This book is unique in explaining in straightforward terms some of the science that underlies these practices. It is principally a book of 'Why' – Why are plants green? Why should one cut beneath a leaf node when taking cuttings? Why do plants need so much water? But it also goes on to deal with the 'How', providing rationale behind the practical advice. The coverage is wide-ranging and comprehensive and includes the basic structure and functioning of garden plants, nomenclature, genetics and plant breeding, soil management, environmental factors affecting growth, methods of propagation and production, pest and disease control, post harvest management and storage, and conservation and sustainable horticulture. Now with full colour throughout, the second edition provides the reader with: Completely revised and updated chapters from the first edition, with new information and clearer focus on the topics Four new chapters, dealing with matters that have become of increasing concern since the first edition, namely: Diversity in the Plant World; Conservation and Sustainable Gardening; Gardens and the Natural World; and Gardens for Science Published on behalf of the Royal Horticultural Society, this book remains a key text for those sitting RHS examinations, particularly at levels 2 and 3; it will also appeal to gardeners, growers and scientists. Key Features Bestselling essential text for all horticulture students Edited and written by a group of highly regarded scientists Covers the scientific information of greatest importance to gardeners and horticulturists Jargon-free scientific explanations, a comprehensive glossary, and copious colour illustrations Royalties from the sale of this book go towards the charitable work of the RHS, promoting horticulture and helping gardeners. www.rhs.org.uk