Science Standard Course Of Study And Grade Level Competencies K 12 Revised

Download Science Standard Course Of Study And Grade Level Competencies K 12 Revised full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Science Standard Course Of Study And Grade Level Competencies K 12 Revised ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Science Standard Course of Study and Grade Level Competencies, K-12. Revised

Author : North Carolina State Board of Education, Raleigh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Science Standard Course of Study and Grade Level Competencies, K-12. Revised by : North Carolina State Board of Education, Raleigh

Download or read book Science Standard Course of Study and Grade Level Competencies, K-12. Revised written by North Carolina State Board of Education, Raleigh and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The science component of the North Carolina Standard Course of Study (SCS) is designed to provide learning opportunities for all students to become scientifically literate. Scientific literacy implies an understanding of the scientific concepts and processes needed for personal decision-making, participation in civic affairs, and economic productivity. A scientifically literate person has a substantial understanding of scientific concepts and inquiry skills, which enable one to continue to learn and think logically. This person understands and appreciates the limits of science and technology. North Carolina students can achieve scientific literacy through an instructional program based on the science component of the SCS. The intent of the science program is to merge unifying concepts of science, strands, content goals, and objectives. In addition, the curriculum defines and illustrates the connections between the National Science Education Standards, the Benchmarks for Scientific Literacy, and the state standards. The SCS is a guide to stronger, more relevant science education for every student. A glossary is included.

Science

Author : North Carolina. Public Schools of North Carolina
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (575 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Science by : North Carolina. Public Schools of North Carolina

Download or read book Science written by North Carolina. Public Schools of North Carolina and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Framework for K-12 Science Education

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309214459
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A Framework for K-12 Science Education by : National Research Council

Download or read book A Framework for K-12 Science Education written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-02-28 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science, engineering, and technology permeate nearly every facet of modern life and hold the key to solving many of humanity's most pressing current and future challenges. The United States' position in the global economy is declining, in part because U.S. workers lack fundamental knowledge in these fields. To address the critical issues of U.S. competitiveness and to better prepare the workforce, A Framework for K-12 Science Education proposes a new approach to K-12 science education that will capture students' interest and provide them with the necessary foundational knowledge in the field. A Framework for K-12 Science Education outlines a broad set of expectations for students in science and engineering in grades K-12. These expectations will inform the development of new standards for K-12 science education and, subsequently, revisions to curriculum, instruction, assessment, and professional development for educators. This book identifies three dimensions that convey the core ideas and practices around which science and engineering education in these grades should be built. These three dimensions are: crosscutting concepts that unify the study of science through their common application across science and engineering; scientific and engineering practices; and disciplinary core ideas in the physical sciences, life sciences, and earth and space sciences and for engineering, technology, and the applications of science. The overarching goal is for all high school graduates to have sufficient knowledge of science and engineering to engage in public discussions on science-related issues, be careful consumers of scientific and technical information, and enter the careers of their choice. A Framework for K-12 Science Education is the first step in a process that can inform state-level decisions and achieve a research-grounded basis for improving science instruction and learning across the country. The book will guide standards developers, teachers, curriculum designers, assessment developers, state and district science administrators, and educators who teach science in informal environments.

Science Content Standards for California Public Schools

Author : California. Department of Education
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Science Content Standards for California Public Schools by : California. Department of Education

Download or read book Science Content Standards for California Public Schools written by California. Department of Education and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Represents the content of science education and includes the essential skills and knowledge students will need to be scientically literate citizens. Includes grade-level specific content for kindergarten through eighth grade, with sixth grade focus on earth science, seventh grade focus on life science, eighth grade focus on physical science. Standards for grades nine through twelve are divided into four content strands: physics, chemistry, biology/life sciences, and earth sciences.

Resources in Education

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 764 pages
Book Rating : 4.U/5 (183 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Resources in Education by :

Download or read book Resources in Education written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

State of State Standards 2000

Author : Chester E. Finn, Jr.
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0788188720
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (881 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis State of State Standards 2000 by : Chester E. Finn, Jr.

Download or read book State of State Standards 2000 written by Chester E. Finn, Jr. and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2000-08 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines several questions about education: How good are state academic standards? How many states now match solid standards with strong school accountability? Are they better than two years ago? Chapters: overview essay, The State of Standards in 2000Ó; analytic essays by reviewers: English, by Sandra Stotsky; history, by David W. Saxe; Geography, by Susan Munroe; Mathematics, by Ralph A. Raimi; Science, by Lawrence S. Lerner; & State-by-State Reports. Appendices: criteria & detailed grades in English, History, Geography, Math, & Science; state documents examined; & school-based accountability. 30 charts & tables.

National Standards for History

Author : National Center for History in the Schools (U.S.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis National Standards for History by : National Center for History in the Schools (U.S.)

Download or read book National Standards for History written by National Center for History in the Schools (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This sourcebook contains more than twelve hundred easy-to-follow and implement classroom activities created and tested by veteran teachers from all over the country. The activities are arranged by grade level and are keyed to the revised National History Standards, so they can easily be matched to comparable state history standards. This volume offers teachers a treasury of ideas for bringing history alive in grades 5?12, carrying students far beyond their textbooks on active-learning voyages into the past while still meeting required learning content. It also incorporates the History Thinking Skills from the revised National History Standards as well as annotated lists of general and era-specific resources that will help teachers enrich their classes with CD-ROMs, audio-visual material, primary sources, art and music, and various print materials. Grades 5?12

Benchmarks for Science Literacy

Author : American Association for the Advancement of Science
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199726515
Total Pages : 443 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Benchmarks for Science Literacy by : American Association for the Advancement of Science

Download or read book Benchmarks for Science Literacy written by American Association for the Advancement of Science and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1994-01-06 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published to glowing praise in 1990, Science for All Americans defined the science-literate American--describing the knowledge, skills, and attitudes all students should retain from their learning experience--and offered a series of recommendations for reforming our system of education in science, mathematics, and technology. Benchmarks for Science Literacy takes this one step further. Created in close consultation with a cross-section of American teachers, administrators, and scientists, Benchmarks elaborates on the recommendations to provide guidelines for what all students should know and be able to do in science, mathematics, and technology by the end of grades 2, 5, 8, and 12. These grade levels offer reasonable checkpoints for student progress toward science literacy, but do not suggest a rigid formula for teaching. Benchmarks is not a proposed curriculum, nor is it a plan for one: it is a tool educators can use as they design curricula that fit their student's needs and meet the goals first outlined in Science for All Americans. Far from pressing for a single educational program, Project 2061 advocates a reform strategy that will lead to more curriculum diversity than is common today. IBenchmarks emerged from the work of six diverse school-district teams who were asked to rethink the K-12 curriculum and outline alternative ways of achieving science literacy for all students. These teams based their work on published research and the continuing advice of prominent educators, as well as their own teaching experience. Focusing on the understanding and interconnection of key concepts rather than rote memorization of terms and isolated facts, Benchmarks advocates building a lasting understanding of science and related fields. In a culture increasingly pervaded by science, mathematics, and technology, science literacy require habits of mind that will enable citizens to understand the world around them, make some sense of new technologies as they emerge and grow, and deal sensibly with problems that involve evidence, numbers, patterns, logical arguments, and technology--as well as the relationship of these disciplines to the arts, humanities, and vocational sciences--making science literacy relevant to all students, regardless of their career paths. If Americans are to participate in a world shaped by modern science and mathematics, a world where technological know-how will offer the keys to economic and political stability in the twenty-first century, education in these areas must become one of the nation's highest priorities. Together with Science for All Americans, Benchmarks for Science Literacy offers a bold new agenda for the future of science education in this country, one that is certain to prepare our children for life in the twenty-first century.

Visible Learning for Science, Grades K-12

Author : John Almarode
Publisher : Corwin Press
ISBN 13 : 1506394191
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (63 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Visible Learning for Science, Grades K-12 by : John Almarode

Download or read book Visible Learning for Science, Grades K-12 written by John Almarode and published by Corwin Press. This book was released on 2018-02-15 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the best science classrooms, teachers see learning through the eyes of their students, and students view themselves as explorers. But with so many instructional approaches to choose from—inquiry, laboratory, project-based learning, discovery learning—which is most effective for student success? In Visible Learning for Science, the authors reveal that it’s not which strategy, but when, and plot a vital K-12 framework for choosing the right approach at the right time, depending on where students are within the three phases of learning: surface, deep, and transfer. Synthesizing state-of-the-art science instruction and assessment with over fifteen years of John Hattie’s cornerstone educational research, this framework for maximum learning spans the range of topics in the life and physical sciences. Employing classroom examples from all grade levels, the authors empower teachers to plan, develop, and implement high-impact instruction for each phase of the learning cycle: Surface learning: when, through precise approaches, students explore science concepts and skills that give way to a deeper exploration of scientific inquiry. Deep learning: when students engage with data and evidence to uncover relationships between concepts—students think metacognitively, and use knowledge to plan, investigate, and articulate generalizations about scientific connections. Transfer learning: when students apply knowledge of scientific principles, processes, and relationships to novel contexts, and are able to discern and innovate to solve complex problems. Visible Learning for Science opens the door to maximum-impact science teaching, so that students demonstrate more than a year’s worth of learning for a year spent in school.

Revised Science Standard Course of Study

Author : North Carolina. Department of Public Instruction
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (311 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Revised Science Standard Course of Study by : North Carolina. Department of Public Instruction

Download or read book Revised Science Standard Course of Study written by North Carolina. Department of Public Instruction and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Seeing Students Learn Science

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309444357
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Seeing Students Learn Science by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Seeing Students Learn Science written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-03-24 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science educators in the United States are adapting to a new vision of how students learn science. Children are natural explorers and their observations and intuitions about the world around them are the foundation for science learning. Unfortunately, the way science has been taught in the United States has not always taken advantage of those attributes. Some students who successfully complete their Kâ€"12 science classes have not really had the chance to "do" science for themselves in ways that harness their natural curiosity and understanding of the world around them. The introduction of the Next Generation Science Standards led many states, schools, and districts to change curricula, instruction, and professional development to align with the standards. Therefore existing assessmentsâ€"whatever their purposeâ€"cannot be used to measure the full range of activities and interactions happening in science classrooms that have adapted to these ideas because they were not designed to do so. Seeing Students Learn Science is meant to help educators improve their understanding of how students learn science and guide the adaptation of their instruction and approach to assessment. It includes examples of innovative assessment formats, ways to embed assessments in engaging classroom activities, and ideas for interpreting and using novel kinds of assessment information. It provides ideas and questions educators can use to reflect on what they can adapt right away and what they can work toward more gradually.

Guide to Implementing the Next Generation Science Standards

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309305152
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Guide to Implementing the Next Generation Science Standards by : National Research Council

Download or read book Guide to Implementing the Next Generation Science Standards written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-03-27 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Framework for K-12 Science Education and Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) describe a new vision for science learning and teaching that is catalyzing improvements in science classrooms across the United States. Achieving this new vision will require time, resources, and ongoing commitment from state, district, and school leaders, as well as classroom teachers. Successful implementation of the NGSS will ensure that all K-12 students have high-quality opportunities to learn science. Guide to Implementing the Next Generation Science Standards provides guidance to district and school leaders and teachers charged with developing a plan and implementing the NGSS as they change their curriculum, instruction, professional learning, policies, and assessment to align with the new standards. For each of these elements, this report lays out recommendations for action around key issues and cautions about potential pitfalls. Coordinating changes in these aspects of the education system is challenging. As a foundation for that process, Guide to Implementing the Next Generation Science Standards identifies some overarching principles that should guide the planning and implementation process. The new standards present a vision of science and engineering learning designed to bring these subjects alive for all students, emphasizing the satisfaction of pursuing compelling questions and the joy of discovery and invention. Achieving this vision in all science classrooms will be a major undertaking and will require changes to many aspects of science education. Guide to Implementing the Next Generation Science Standards will be a valuable resource for states, districts, and schools charged with planning and implementing changes, to help them achieve the goal of teaching science for the 21st century.

Essentials of Assessing, Preventing, and Overcoming Reading Difficulties

Author : David A. Kilpatrick
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118845404
Total Pages : 450 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (188 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Essentials of Assessing, Preventing, and Overcoming Reading Difficulties by : David A. Kilpatrick

Download or read book Essentials of Assessing, Preventing, and Overcoming Reading Difficulties written by David A. Kilpatrick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-08-10 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practical, effective, evidence-based reading interventions that change students' lives Essentials of Understanding and Assessing Reading Difficulties is a practical, accessible, in-depth guide to reading assessment and intervention. It provides a detailed discussion of the nature and causes of reading difficulties, which will help develop the knowledge and confidence needed to accurately assess why a student is struggling. Readers will learn a framework for organizing testing results from current assessment batteries such as the WJ-IV, KTEA-3, and CTOPP-2. Case studies illustrate each of the concepts covered. A thorough discussion is provided on the assessment of phonics skills, phonological awareness, word recognition, reading fluency, and reading comprehension. Formatted for easy reading as well as quick reference, the text includes bullet points, icons, callout boxes, and other design elements to call attention to important information. Although a substantial amount of research has shown that most reading difficulties can be prevented or corrected, standard reading remediation efforts have proven largely ineffective. School psychologists are routinely called upon to evaluate students with reading difficulties and to make recommendations to address such difficulties. This book provides an overview of the best assessment and intervention techniques, backed by the most current research findings. Bridge the gap between research and practice Accurately assess the reason(s) why a student struggles in reading Improve reading skills using the most highly effective evidence-based techniques Reading may well be the most important thing students are taught during their school careers. It is a skill they will use every day of their lives; one that will dictate, in part, later life success. Struggling students need help now, and Essentials of Understanding and Assessing Reading Difficulties shows how to get these students on track.

Inquiry and the National Science Education Standards

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309064767
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Inquiry and the National Science Education Standards by : National Research Council

Download or read book Inquiry and the National Science Education Standards written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-05-03 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans, especially children, are naturally curious. Yet, people often balk at the thought of learning scienceâ€"the "eyes glazed over" syndrome. Teachers may find teaching science a major challenge in an era when science ranges from the hardly imaginable quark to the distant, blazing quasar. Inquiry and the National Science Education Standards is the book that educators have been waiting forâ€"a practical guide to teaching inquiry and teaching through inquiry, as recommended by the National Science Education Standards. This will be an important resource for educators who must help school boards, parents, and teachers understand "why we can't teach the way we used to." "Inquiry" refers to the diverse ways in which scientists study the natural world and in which students grasp science knowledge and the methods by which that knowledge is produced. This book explains and illustrates how inquiry helps students learn science content, master how to do science, and understand the nature of science. This book explores the dimensions of teaching and learning science as inquiry for K-12 students across a range of science topics. Detailed examples help clarify when teachers should use the inquiry-based approach and how much structure, guidance, and coaching they should provide. The book dispels myths that may have discouraged educators from the inquiry-based approach and illuminates the subtle interplay between concepts, processes, and science as it is experienced in the classroom. Inquiry and the National Science Education Standards shows how to bring the standards to life, with features such as classroom vignettes exploring different kinds of inquiries for elementary, middle, and high school and Frequently Asked Questions for teachers, responding to common concerns such as obtaining teaching supplies. Turning to assessment, the committee discusses why assessment is important, looks at existing schemes and formats, and addresses how to involve students in assessing their own learning achievements. In addition, this book discusses administrative assistance, communication with parents, appropriate teacher evaluation, and other avenues to promoting and supporting this new teaching paradigm.

Helping Students Make Sense of the World Using Next Generation Science and Engineering Practices

Author : Christina V. Schwarz
Publisher : NSTA Press
ISBN 13 : 1941316956
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (413 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Helping Students Make Sense of the World Using Next Generation Science and Engineering Practices by : Christina V. Schwarz

Download or read book Helping Students Make Sense of the World Using Next Generation Science and Engineering Practices written by Christina V. Schwarz and published by NSTA Press. This book was released on 2017-01-31 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When it’s time for a game change, you need a guide to the new rules. Helping Students Make Sense of the World Using Next Generation Science and Engineering Practices provides a play-by-play understanding of the practices strand of A Framework for K–12 Science Education (Framework) and the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Written in clear, nontechnical language, this book provides a wealth of real-world examples to show you what’s different about practice-centered teaching and learning at all grade levels. The book addresses three important questions: 1. How will engaging students in science and engineering practices help improve science education? 2. What do the eight practices look like in the classroom? 3. How can educators engage students in practices to bring the NGSS to life? Helping Students Make Sense of the World Using Next Generation Science and Engineering Practices was developed for K–12 science teachers, curriculum developers, teacher educators, and administrators. Many of its authors contributed to the Framework’s initial vision and tested their ideas in actual science classrooms. If you want a fresh game plan to help students work together to generate and revise knowledge—not just receive and repeat information—this book is for you.

Developing Assessments for the Next Generation Science Standards

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309289548
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Developing Assessments for the Next Generation Science Standards by : National Research Council

Download or read book Developing Assessments for the Next Generation Science Standards written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-05-29 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessments, understood as tools for tracking what and how well students have learned, play a critical role in the classroom. Developing Assessments for the Next Generation Science Standards develops an approach to science assessment to meet the vision of science education for the future as it has been elaborated in A Framework for K-12 Science Education (Framework) and Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). These documents are brand new and the changes they call for are barely under way, but the new assessments will be needed as soon as states and districts begin the process of implementing the NGSS and changing their approach to science education. The new Framework and the NGSS are designed to guide educators in significantly altering the way K-12 science is taught. The Framework is aimed at making science education more closely resemble the way scientists actually work and think, and making instruction reflect research on learning that demonstrates the importance of building coherent understandings over time. It structures science education around three dimensions - the practices through which scientists and engineers do their work, the key crosscutting concepts that cut across disciplines, and the core ideas of the disciplines - and argues that they should be interwoven in every aspect of science education, building in sophistication as students progress through grades K-12. Developing Assessments for the Next Generation Science Standards recommends strategies for developing assessments that yield valid measures of student proficiency in science as described in the new Framework. This report reviews recent and current work in science assessment to determine which aspects of the Framework's vision can be assessed with available techniques and what additional research and development will be needed to support an assessment system that fully meets that vision. The report offers a systems approach to science assessment, in which a range of assessment strategies are designed to answer different kinds of questions with appropriate degrees of specificity and provide results that complement one another. Developing Assessments for the Next Generation Science Standards makes the case that a science assessment system that meets the Framework's vision should consist of assessments designed to support classroom instruction, assessments designed to monitor science learning on a broader scale, and indicators designed to track opportunity to learn. New standards for science education make clear that new modes of assessment designed to measure the integrated learning they promote are essential. The recommendations of this report will be key to making sure that the dramatic changes in curriculum and instruction signaled by Framework and the NGSS reduce inequities in science education and raise the level of science education for all students.

Teaching Fundamental Concepts of Informatics

Author : Juraj Hromkovič
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642113753
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Teaching Fundamental Concepts of Informatics by : Juraj Hromkovič

Download or read book Teaching Fundamental Concepts of Informatics written by Juraj Hromkovič and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-08 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the fourth International Conference on Informatics in Secondary Schools - Evolution and Perspectives, ISSEP 2010, held in Zurich, Switzerland in January 2010. The 14 revised full papers presented together with 6 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 32 submissions. A broad variety of topics related to teaching informatics in secondary schools is addressed ranging from national experience reports to paedagogical and methodological issues. Contributions solicited cover a variety of topics including but not limited to accessibility, assessment, classroom management, communication skills, computer science contests, computers and society, courseware, curriculum issues, research in informatics education, diagnostic teaching, empirical methods, ethical/societal issues, gender and diversity issues, high school/college transition issues, information systems, information technology, interdisciplinary courses and projects, laboratory/active learning, multimedia, object-oriented issues, pedagogy, student retention and persistence, role of programming and algorithmics, using emerging instructional, technologies and web-based techniques/web services.