Science And Logic In Medical Diagnosis

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Science and Logic in Medical Diagnosis

Author : Lee A Forstrom
Publisher : FriesenPress
ISBN 13 : 1525553356
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (255 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Logic in Medical Diagnosis by : Lee A Forstrom

Download or read book Science and Logic in Medical Diagnosis written by Lee A Forstrom and published by FriesenPress. This book was released on 2021-07-26 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinicians and patients know the importance of correct diagnosis for proper treatment. So important – a correct diagnosis – it is the first theme of this book. Several other themes are also important. A second theme is established as “cause and effect,” common or peculiar linked entities in at least some humans. A third theme deals with probabilities, both objective and statistical and/or subjective probabilities. The fourth theme covers the inhomogeneity among all humans. That is, all people are unique. Is science a theme? Not of this kind. Instead, science encompasses all of the themes above and others. Logic holds their framework. The diagnostic model above has been modified by allowing wider scope of inference similar to the earlier “differential diagnoses” model. A quite radical model called “Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM),” was created about thirty years ago. Its advocates depend largely on statistics, with little interest in science. Discussion and comparisons with traditional and EBM models argue here undesirable shortcomings of the latter. Far from dismissing science, but robust medical science, knowledge, experience and professional clinicians continues in caring her/his individual patients.

Logic of Discovery and Diagnosis in Medicine

Author : Kenneth F. Schaffner
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520317130
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Logic of Discovery and Diagnosis in Medicine by : Kenneth F. Schaffner

Download or read book Logic of Discovery and Diagnosis in Medicine written by Kenneth F. Schaffner and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-04-28 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1985.

How Scientists Explain Disease

Author : Paul Thagard
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780691050836
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (58 download)

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Book Synopsis How Scientists Explain Disease by : Paul Thagard

Download or read book How Scientists Explain Disease written by Paul Thagard and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2000-07-30 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do scientists develop new explanations of disease? How do those explanations become accepted as true? And how does medical diagnosis change when physicians are confronted with new scientific evidence? These are some of the questions that Paul Thagard pursues in this book that develops a new, integrative approach to the study of science. How Scientists Explain Disease challenges both traditional philosophy of science, which has viewed science as largely a matter of logic, and contemporary science studies that view science as largely a matter of power. Drawing on theories of distributed computing and artificial intelligence, Paul Thagard develops new models that make sense of scientific change as a complex system of cognitive, social, and physical interactions.

Logic and Critical Thinking in the Biomedical Sciences

Author : Jules J. Berman
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128213620
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Logic and Critical Thinking in the Biomedical Sciences by : Jules J. Berman

Download or read book Logic and Critical Thinking in the Biomedical Sciences written by Jules J. Berman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-07-08 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All too often, individuals engaged in the biomedical sciences assume that numeric data must be left to the proper authorities (e.g., statisticians and data analysts) who are trained to apply sophisticated mathematical algorithms to sets of data. This is a terrible mistake. Individuals with keen observational skills, regardless of their mathematical training, are in the best position to draw correct inferences from their own data and to guide the subsequent implementation of robust, mathematical analyses. Volume 2 of Logic and Critical Thinking in the Biomedical Sciences provides readers with a repertoire of deductive non-mathematical methods that will help them draw useful inferences from their own data.Volumes 1 and 2 of Logic and Critical Thinking in the Biomedical Sciences are written for biomedical scientists and college-level students engaged in any of the life sciences, including bioinformatics and related data sciences. Demonstrates that a great deal can be deduced from quantitative data, without applying any statistical or mathematical analyses Provides readers with simple techniques for quickly reviewing and finding important relationships hidden within large and complex sets of data Using examples drawn from the biomedical literature, discusses common pitfalls in data interpretation and how they can be avoided

Applications of Fuzzy Logic to Medical Diagnosis

Author : Harry Wechsler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (386 download)

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Book Synopsis Applications of Fuzzy Logic to Medical Diagnosis by : Harry Wechsler

Download or read book Applications of Fuzzy Logic to Medical Diagnosis written by Harry Wechsler and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Philosophy of Medicine

Author : Fred Gifford
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444517871
Total Pages : 601 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophy of Medicine by : Fred Gifford

Download or read book Philosophy of Medicine written by Fred Gifford and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-23 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers a wide range of conceptual, epistemological and methodological issues in the philosophy of science raised by reflection upon medical science and practice. Several chapters examine such general meta-scientific concepts as discovery, reduction, theories and models, causal inference and scientific realism as they apply to medicine or medical science in particular. Some discuss important concepts specific to medicine (diagnosis, health, disease, brain death). A topic such as evidence, for instance, is examined at a variety of levels, from social mechanisms for guiding evidence-based reasoning such as evidence-based medicine, consensus conferences, and clinical trials, to the more abstract analysis of experimentation, inference and uncertainty. Some chapters reflect on particular domains of medicine, including psychiatry, public health, and nursing. The contributions span a broad range of detailed cases from the science and practice of medicine, as well as a broad range of intellectual approaches, from conceptual analysis to detailed examinations of particular scientific papers or historical episodes. Chapters view philosophy of medicine from quite different angles Considers substantive cases from both medical science and practice Chapters from a distinguished array of contributors

Tables of Random Sampling Numbers

Author : M.G. Kendall
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (815 download)

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Book Synopsis Tables of Random Sampling Numbers by : M.G. Kendall

Download or read book Tables of Random Sampling Numbers written by M.G. Kendall and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Improving Diagnosis in Health Care

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309377722
Total Pages : 473 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Improving Diagnosis in Health Care by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Improving Diagnosis in Health Care written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-12-29 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Getting the right diagnosis is a key aspect of health care - it provides an explanation of a patient's health problem and informs subsequent health care decisions. The diagnostic process is a complex, collaborative activity that involves clinical reasoning and information gathering to determine a patient's health problem. According to Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, diagnostic errors-inaccurate or delayed diagnoses-persist throughout all settings of care and continue to harm an unacceptable number of patients. It is likely that most people will experience at least one diagnostic error in their lifetime, sometimes with devastating consequences. Diagnostic errors may cause harm to patients by preventing or delaying appropriate treatment, providing unnecessary or harmful treatment, or resulting in psychological or financial repercussions. The committee concluded that improving the diagnostic process is not only possible, but also represents a moral, professional, and public health imperative. Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, a continuation of the landmark Institute of Medicine reports To Err Is Human (2000) and Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001), finds that diagnosis-and, in particular, the occurrence of diagnostic errorsâ€"has been largely unappreciated in efforts to improve the quality and safety of health care. Without a dedicated focus on improving diagnosis, diagnostic errors will likely worsen as the delivery of health care and the diagnostic process continue to increase in complexity. Just as the diagnostic process is a collaborative activity, improving diagnosis will require collaboration and a widespread commitment to change among health care professionals, health care organizations, patients and their families, researchers, and policy makers. The recommendations of Improving Diagnosis in Health Care contribute to the growing momentum for change in this crucial area of health care quality and safety.

The Logic of Medicine

Author : Edmond A. Murphy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780801855382
Total Pages : 511 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (553 download)

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Book Synopsis The Logic of Medicine by : Edmond A. Murphy

Download or read book The Logic of Medicine written by Edmond A. Murphy and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When first published twenty years ago, The Logic of Medicine presented a new way of thinking about clinical medicine as a scholarly discipline as well as a profession. Since then, advances in research and technology have revolutionized both the practice and theory of medicine. In this new, extensively rewritten edition, Dr. Murphy includes changes to show how these different areas of scholarship may affect details of "the logic of medicine" without compromising its fundamental coherence. New to this edition are discussions of the challenge of the flood of new empirical data, new ideas in genetics, molecular biology, homeostasis, pathogenesis, cancer, aging, and Alzheimer's disease. Murphy also comments on such new theoretical topics as dynamic systems, chaos, and fractals and their impact on the burgeoning fields of philosophy and practice of medicine. Written with medical students in mind, the book includes a glossary, many new examples, and problems for solutions with comments on each. An entirely new chapter deals with modeling. Clinicians and researchers will also find the principles thought-provoking and illuminating.

Diagnosis: Philosophical and Medical Perspectives

Author : N. Laor
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400920857
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Diagnosis: Philosophical and Medical Perspectives by : N. Laor

Download or read book Diagnosis: Philosophical and Medical Perspectives written by N. Laor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. GENERAL The term "diagnostics" refers to the general theory of diagnosis, not to the study of specific diagnoses but to their general framework. It borrows from different sciences and from different philosophies. Traditionally, the general framework of diagnostics was not distinguished from the framework of medicine. It was not taught in special courses in any systematic way; it was not accorded special attention: students absorbed it intuitively. There is almost no comprehensive study of diagnostics. The instruction in diagnosis provided in medical schools is exclusively specific. Clinical instruction includes (in addition to vital background information, such as anatomy and physiology) specific instruction in nosology, the theory and classification of diseases, and this includes information on diagnoses and prognoses of diverse diseases. What is the cause of the neglect of diagnostics, and of its integrated teaching? The main cause may be the prevalence of the view of diagnostics as part-and parcel of nosology. In this book nosology is taken as a given, autonomous field of study, which invites almost no comments; we shall freely borrow from it a few important general theses and a few examples. We attempt to integrate here three studies: ll of the way nosology is used in the diagnostic process; of the diagnostic process as a branch of applied ethics; ~ of the diagnostic process as a branch of social science and social technology.

How Scientists Explain Disease

Author : Paul Thagard
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691187304
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis How Scientists Explain Disease by : Paul Thagard

Download or read book How Scientists Explain Disease written by Paul Thagard and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do scientists develop new explanations of disease? How do those explanations become accepted as true? And how does medical diagnosis change when physicians are confronted with new scientific evidence? These are some of the questions that Paul Thagard pursues in this pathbreaking book that develops a new, integrative approach to the study of science. Ranging through the history of medicine, from the Hippocratic theory of humors to modern explanations of Mad Cow Disease and chronic fatigue syndrome, Thagard analyzes the development and acceptance of scientific ideas. At the heart of the book is a case study of the recent dramatic shift in medical understanding of peptic ulcers, most of which are now believed to be caused by infection by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. When this explanation was first proposed in 1983, it was greeted with intense skepticism by most medical experts, but it became widely accepted over the next decade. Thagard discusses the psychological processes of discovery and acceptance, the physical processes involving instruments and experiments, and the social processes of collaboration, communication, and consensus that brought about this transformation in medical knowledge. How Scientists Explain Disease challenges both traditional philosophy of science, which has viewed science as largely a matter of logic, and contemporary science studies that view science as largely a matter of power. Drawing on theories of distributed computing and artificial intelligence, Paul Thagard develops new models that make sense of scientific change as a complex system of cognitive, social, and physical interactions. This is a book that will appeal to all readers with an interest in the development of science and medicine. It combines an engaging style, significant research, and a powerfully original argument.

Medical Philosophy: Conceptual Issues In Medicine

Author : Mario Augusto Bunge
Publisher : World Scientific Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9814508969
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (145 download)

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Book Synopsis Medical Philosophy: Conceptual Issues In Medicine by : Mario Augusto Bunge

Download or read book Medical Philosophy: Conceptual Issues In Medicine written by Mario Augusto Bunge and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2013-05-30 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book that analyzes and systematizes all the general ideas of medicine, in particular the philosophical ones, which are usually tacit. Instead of focusing on one or two points — typically disease and clinical trial — this book examines all the salient aspects of biomedical research and practice: the nature of disease; the logic of diagnosis; the discovery and design of drugs; the design of lab and clinical trials; the crafting of therapies and design of protocols; the moral duties and rights of physicians and patients; the distinctive features of scientific medicine and of medical quackery; the unique combination of basic and translational research; the place of physicians and nurses in society; the task of medical sociology; and the need for universal medical coverage. Health care workers, medicine buffs, and philosophers will find this thought-provoking book highly useful in their line of work and research.

The Ethics of Diagnosis

Author : José Luis Peset
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0585283338
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (852 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ethics of Diagnosis by : José Luis Peset

Download or read book The Ethics of Diagnosis written by José Luis Peset and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-07-23 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major focus of the philosophy of medicine and, in general, of the philosophy of science has been the interplay of facts and values. Nowhere is an evaluation of this interplay more important than in the ethics of diagnosis. Traditionally, diagnosis has been understood as an epistemological activity which is concerned with facts and excludes the intrusion of values. The essays in this volume challenge this assumption. Questions of knowledge in diagnosis are intimately related to the concerns with intervention that characterize the applied science of medicine. Broad social and individual goals, as well as diverse ethical frameworks, are shown to condition both the processes and results of diagnosis. This has significant implications for bioethics, implications that have not previously been developed. With this volume, `the ethics of diagnosis' is established as an important branch of bioethics.

Handbook of Analytic Philosophy of Medicine

Author : Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9401795797
Total Pages : 1232 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Analytic Philosophy of Medicine by : Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh

Download or read book Handbook of Analytic Philosophy of Medicine written by Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-06 with total page 1232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical practice is practiced morality, and clinical research belongs to normative ethics. The present book elucidates and advances this thesis by: 1. analyzing the structure of medical language, knowledge, and theories; 2. inquiring into the foundations of the clinical encounter; 3. introducing the logic and methodology of clinical decision-making, including artificial intelligence in medicine; 4. suggesting comprehensive theories of organism, life, and psyche; of health, illness, and disease; of etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, and therapy; and 5. investigating the moral and metaphysical issues central to medical practice and research. Many systems of (classical, modal, non-classical, probability, and fuzzy) logic are introduced and applied. Fuzzy medical deontics, fuzzy medical ontology, fuzzy medical concept formation, fuzzy medical decision-making and biomedicine and many other techniques of fuzzification in medicine are introduced for the first time.

Oxford Handbook of Clinical Diagnosis

Author : Huw Llewelyn
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 019967986X
Total Pages : 683 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis Oxford Handbook of Clinical Diagnosis by : Huw Llewelyn

Download or read book Oxford Handbook of Clinical Diagnosis written by Huw Llewelyn and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook describes the diagnostic process clearly and logically, aiding medical students and others who wish to improve their diagnostic performance and to learn more about the diagnostic process.

The Medical Model in Mental Health

Author : Ahmed Samei Huda
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192534092
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis The Medical Model in Mental Health by : Ahmed Samei Huda

Download or read book The Medical Model in Mental Health written by Ahmed Samei Huda and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many published books that comment on the medical model have been written by doctors, who assume that readers have the same knowledge of medicine, or by those who have attempted to discredit and attack the medical practice. Both types of book have tended to present diagnostic categories in medicine as universally scientifically valid examples of clear-cut diseases easily distinguished from each other and from health; with a fixed prognosis; and with a well-understood aetiology leading to disease-reversing treatments. These are contrasted with psychiatric diagnoses and treatments, which are described as unclear and inadequate in comparison. The Medical Model in Mental Health: An Explanation and Evaluation explores the overlap between the usefulness of diagnostic constructs (which enable prognosis and treatment decisions) and the therapeutic effectiveness of psychiatry compared with general medicine. The book explains the medical model and how it applies in mental health, assuming little knowledge or experience of medicine, and defends psychiatry as a medical practice.

How to Think in Medicine

Author : Milos Jenicek
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351684027
Total Pages : 550 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis How to Think in Medicine by : Milos Jenicek

Download or read book How to Think in Medicine written by Milos Jenicek and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-08-06 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mastery of quality health care and patient safety begins as soon as we open the hospital doors for the first time and start acquiring practical experience. The acquisition of such experience includes much more than the development of sensorimotor skills and basic knowledge of sciences. It relies on effective reason, decision making, and communication shared by all health professionals, including physicians, nurses, dentists, pharmacists, and administrators. How to Think in Medicine, Reasoning, Decision Making, and Communications in Health Sciences is about these essential skills. It describes how physicians and health professionals reason, make decision, and practice medicine. Covering the basic considerations related to clinical and caregiver reasoning, it lays out a roadmap to help those new to health care as well as seasoned veterans overcome the complexities of working for the well-being of those who trust us with their physical and mental health. This book provides a step-by-step breakdown of the reasoning process for clinical work and clinical care. It examines both the general and medical ways of thinking, reasoning, argumentation, fact finding, and using evidence. It explores the principles of formal logic as applied to clinical problems and the use of evidence in logical reasoning. In addition to outline the fundamentals of decision making, it integrates coverage of clinical reasoning risk assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in evidence-based medicine. Presented in four sections, this book discusses the history and position of the problem and the challenge of medical thinking; provides the philosophy interfacing topics of interest for health sciences professionals including the probabilities, uncertainties, risks, and other quantifications in health by steps of clinical work; decision making in clinical and community health care, research, and practice; Communication in clinical and community care including how to write medical articles, clinical case studies and case reporting, and oral and written communication in clinical and community practice and care.