Scheduling and Operation of Virtual Power Plants

Download Scheduling and Operation of Virtual Power Plants PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323852688
Total Pages : 450 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Scheduling and Operation of Virtual Power Plants by : Ali Zangeneh

Download or read book Scheduling and Operation of Virtual Power Plants written by Ali Zangeneh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-01-25 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scheduling and Operation of Virtual Power Plants: Technical Challenges and Electricity Markets provides a multidisciplinary perspective on recent advances in VPPs, ranging from required infrastructures and planning to operation and control. The work details the required components in a virtual power plant, including smartness of power system, instrument and information and communication technologies (ICTs), measurement units, and distributed energy sources. Contributors assess the proposed benefits of virtual power plant in solving problems of distributed energy sources in integrating the small, distributed and intermittent output of these units. In addition, they investigate the likely technical challenges regarding control and interaction with other entities. Finally, the work considers the role of VPPs in electricity markets, showing how distributed energy resources and demand response providers can integrate their resources through virtual power plant concepts to effectively participate in electricity markets to solve the issues of small capacity and intermittency. The work is suitable for experienced engineers, researchers, managers and policymakers interested in using VPPs in future smart grids. Explores key enabling technologies and infrastructures for virtual power plants in future smart energy systems Reviews technical challenges and introduces solutions to the operation and control of VPPs, particularly focusing on control and interaction with other power system entities Introduces the key integrating role of VPPs in enabling DER powered participative electricity markets

Virtual Power Plants and Electricity Markets

Download Virtual Power Plants and Electricity Markets PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030476022
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Virtual Power Plants and Electricity Markets by : Luis Baringo

Download or read book Virtual Power Plants and Electricity Markets written by Luis Baringo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides a detailed analysis of operation and planning problems faced by virtual power plants participating in different electricity markets. The chapters address in-depth, topics such as: optimization, market power, expansion, and modelling uncertainty in operation and planning problems of virtual power plants. The book provides an up-to-date description of decision-making tools to address challenging questions faced by virtual power plants such as: How can virtual power plants optimize their participation in electricity markets? How can a virtual power plant exercise market power? How can virtual power plants be optimally expanded? How can uncertainty be efficiently modelled in the operation and planning problems of virtual power plants? The book is written in a tutorial style and modular format, and includes many illustrative examples to facilitate comprehension. It is intended for a diverse audience including advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of electric energy systems, operations research, and economics. Practitioners in the energy sector will also benefit from the concepts and techniques presented in this book. In particular, this book: Provides students with the GAMS codes to solve the examples in the book; Provides a basis for the formulation of decision-making problems under uncertainty; Contains a blend of theoretical concepts and practical applications that are developed as working algorithms.

Business Models and Reliable Operation of Virtual Power Plants

Download Business Models and Reliable Operation of Virtual Power Plants PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811978468
Total Pages : 167 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Business Models and Reliable Operation of Virtual Power Plants by : Heping Jia

Download or read book Business Models and Reliable Operation of Virtual Power Plants written by Heping Jia and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-02 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the business operation of virtual power plants. Both of the business models and reliable operation of virtual power plants have been addressed with engineering practices. This is achieved by providing an in-depth study on several major topics such as load forecasting for distributed energy resources, business model and practice of virtual power plants, the business operation of virtual power plants participating in demand response, and auxiliary service market. The dynamic pricing strategy of virtual power plants and reliable operation of power systems with virtual power plants are provided as well. The comprehensive and systematic treatment in business operation of virtual power plants is one of the major features of the book, which is particularly suited for readers who are interested to learn operation mechanisms of virtual power plants. The book benefits researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of energy internet, electrical engineering, and business administration, etc.

Virtual Power Plant Solution for Future Smart Energy Communities

Download Virtual Power Plant Solution for Future Smart Energy Communities PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000609758
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Virtual Power Plant Solution for Future Smart Energy Communities by : Ehsan Heydarian-Forushani

Download or read book Virtual Power Plant Solution for Future Smart Energy Communities written by Ehsan Heydarian-Forushani and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-07-25 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a general overview of virtual power plants (VPP) as a key technology in future energy communities and active distribution and transmission networks for managing distributed energy resources, providing local and global services, and facilitating market participation of small-scale managing distributed energy resources and prosumers. The book also aims at describing some practical solutions, business models, and novel architectures for the implementation of VPPs in the real world. Each chapter of the book begins with the fundamental structure of the problem required for a rudimentary understanding of the methods described. It provides a clear picture for practical implementation of VPP through novel technologies such as blockchain, digital twin, and distributed ledger technology. The book will help the electrical and power engineers, undergraduate, graduate students, research scholars, and utility engineers to understand the emerging solutions regarding the VPP concept lucidly.

Provision of Ancillary Services by Distributed Generators

Download Provision of Ancillary Services by Distributed Generators PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : kassel university press GmbH
ISBN 13 : 3899586395
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (995 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Provision of Ancillary Services by Distributed Generators by : Martin Braun

Download or read book Provision of Ancillary Services by Distributed Generators written by Martin Braun and published by kassel university press GmbH. This book was released on 2009 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Distributed Power Generation

Download Distributed Power Generation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 148226319X
Total Pages : 611 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Distributed Power Generation by : H. Lee Willis

Download or read book Distributed Power Generation written by H. Lee Willis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the view of many power experts, distributed power generation represents the paradigm of the future. Distributed Power Generation: Planning and Evaluation explores the preparation and analysis of distributed generators (DGs) for residential, commercial and industrial, as well as electric utility applications. It examines distributed generation versus traditional, centralized power systems, power demands, reliability evaluation, planning processes, costs, reciprocating piston engine DGs, gas turbine powered DGs, fuel cell powered DGs, renewable resource DGs, and more. The authors include recommendations and guidelines for DG planners, and numerous case studies illustrate the discussions.

Consumer, Prosumer, Prosumager

Download Consumer, Prosumer, Prosumager PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128168366
Total Pages : 550 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Consumer, Prosumer, Prosumager by : Fereidoon P. Sioshansi

Download or read book Consumer, Prosumer, Prosumager written by Fereidoon P. Sioshansi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-02-19 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consumers, Prosumers, Prosumagers: How Customer Stratification will Disrupt the Utility Business Model examines customer stratification in the electric power sector, arguing that it is poised to become one of the fundamental drivers of the 21st century power network as distributed energy generation, storage, sharing and trading options become available at scale. The book addresses the interface and the relationship between key players and their impacts on incumbent and disruptive service providers. Topics covered include innovations that lead to consumer stratification, regulatory policy, the potential of service, the speed and spread of stratification, and a review of potential business models and strategies. The work also covers the evolution and potential end-states of electricity service provision, from its basis in current pilot programs as distributed generation scales and its potential to supplant industry norms. Explores the impacts and trajectories of increasing distributed power generation and storage adoption Analyzes the growing number of electricity services and their impact on the existing power grid and service providers, including incumbent and disruptor utilities Discusses future market trends and trends in costs, pricing and business models

Electric Power Systems

Download Electric Power Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439893969
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Electric Power Systems by : João P. S. Catalão

Download or read book Electric Power Systems written by João P. S. Catalão and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric Power Systems: Advanced Forecasting Techniques and Optimal Generation Scheduling helps readers develop their skills in modeling, simulating, and optimizing electric power systems. Carefully balancing theory and practice, it presents novel, cutting-edge developments in forecasting and scheduling. The focus is on understanding and solving pivotal problems in the management of electric power generation systems. Methods for Coping with Uncertainty and Risk in Electric Power Generation Outlining real-world problems, the book begins with an overview of electric power generation systems. Since the ability to cope with uncertainty and risk is crucial for power generating companies, the second part of the book examines the latest methods and models for self-scheduling, load forecasting, short-term electricity price forecasting, and wind power forecasting. Toward Optimal Coordination between Hydro, Thermal, and Wind Power Using case studies, the third part of the book investigates how to achieve the most favorable use of available energy sources. Chapters in this section discuss price-based scheduling for generating companies, optimal scheduling of a hydro producer, hydro-thermal coordination, unit commitment with wind generators, and optimal optimization of multigeneration systems. Written in a pedagogical style that will appeal to graduate students, the book also expands on research results that are useful for engineers and researchers. It presents the latest techniques in increasingly important areas of power system operations and planning.

Local Electricity Markets

Download Local Electricity Markets PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128226668
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Local Electricity Markets by : Tiago Pinto

Download or read book Local Electricity Markets written by Tiago Pinto and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-07-03 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Local Electricity Markets introduces the fundamental characteristics, needs, and constraints shaping the design and implementation of local electricity markets. It addresses current proposed local market models and lessons from their limited practical implementation. The work discusses relevant decision and informatics tools considered important in the implementation of local electricity markets. It also includes a review on management and trading platforms, including commercially available tools. Aspects of local electricity market infrastructure are identified and discussed, including physical and software infrastructure. It discusses the current regulatory frameworks available for local electricity market development internationally. The work concludes with a discussion of barriers and opportunities for local electricity markets in the future. Delineates key components shaping the design and implementation of local electricity market structure Provides a coherent view on the enabling infrastructures and technologies that underpin local market expansion Explores the current regulatory environment for local electricity markets drawn from a global panel of contributors Exposes future paths toward widespread implementation of local electricity markets using an empirical review of barriers and opportunities Reviews relevant local electricity market case studies, pilots and demonstrators already deployed and under implementation

New Trends in the Use of Artificial Intelligence for the Industry 4.0

Download New Trends in the Use of Artificial Intelligence for the Industry 4.0 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1838801413
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (388 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis New Trends in the Use of Artificial Intelligence for the Industry 4.0 by : Luis Romeral Martinez

Download or read book New Trends in the Use of Artificial Intelligence for the Industry 4.0 written by Luis Romeral Martinez and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-03-25 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industry 4.0 is based on the cyber-physical transformation of processes, systems and methods applied in the manufacturing sector, and on its autonomous and decentralized operation. Industry 4.0 reflects that the industrial world is at the beginning of the so-called Fourth Industrial Revolution, characterized by a massive interconnection of assets and the integration of human operators with the manufacturing environment. In this regard, data analytics and, specifically, the artificial intelligence is the vehicular technology towards the next generation of smart factories.Chapters in this book cover a diversity of current and new developments in the use of artificial intelligence on the industrial sector seen from the fourth industrial revolution point of view, namely, cyber-physical applications, artificial intelligence technologies and tools, Industrial Internet of Things and data analytics. This book contains high-quality chapters containing original research results and literature review of exceptional merit. Thus, it is in the aim of the book to contribute to the literature of the topic in this regard and let the readers know current and new trends in the use of artificial intelligence for the Industry 4.0.

Advanced Hybrid Information Processing

Download Advanced Hybrid Information Processing PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030945545
Total Pages : 523 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (39 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advanced Hybrid Information Processing by : Shuai Liu

Download or read book Advanced Hybrid Information Processing written by Shuai Liu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-18 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume set constitutes the post-conference proceedings of the 5th EAI International Conference on Advanced Hybrid Information Processing, ADHIP 2021, held in October 2021. Due to COVID-19 the conference was held virtually. The 94 papers presented were selected from 254 submissions and focus on theory and application of hybrid information processing technology for smarter and more effective research and application. The theme of ADHIP 2020 was “Social hybrid data processing”. The papers are named in topical sections as follows: Intelligent algorithms in complex environment; AI system research and model design; Method research on Internet of Things technology; Research and analysis with intelligent education.

Restructured Electric Power Systems

Download Restructured Electric Power Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118017072
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Restructured Electric Power Systems by : Xiao-Ping Zhang

Download or read book Restructured Electric Power Systems written by Xiao-Ping Zhang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-10-15 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest practical applications of electricity market equilibrium models in analyzing electricity markets Electricity market deregulation is driving the power energy production from a monopolistic structure into a competitive market environment. The development of electricity markets has necessitated the need to analyze market behavior and power. Restructured Electric Power Systems reviews the latest developments in electricity market equilibrium models and discusses the application of such models in the practical analysis and assessment of electricity markets. Drawing upon the extensive involvement in the research and industrial development of the leading experts in the subject area, the book starts by explaining the current developments of electrical power systems towards smart grids and then relates the operation and control technologies to the aspects in electricity markets. It explores: The problems of electricity market behavior and market power Mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) and equilibrium problems with equilibrium constraints (EPEC) Tools and techniques for solving the electricity market equilibrium problems Various electricity market equilibrium models State-of-the-art techniques for computing the electricity market equilibrium problems The application of electricity market equilibrium models in assessing the economic benefits of transmission expansions for market environments, forward and spot markets, short-term power system security, and analysis of reactive power impact Also featured are computational resources to allow readers to develop algorithms on their own, as well as future research directions in modeling and computational techniques in electricity market analysis. Restructured Electric Power Systems is an invaluable reference for electrical engineers and power system economists from power utilities and for professors, postgraduate students, and undergraduate students in electrical power engineering, as well as those responsible for the design, engineering, research, and development of competitive electricity markets and electricity market policy.

The Virtual Utility

Download The Virtual Utility PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461561671
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Virtual Utility by : Shimon Awerbuch

Download or read book The Virtual Utility written by Shimon Awerbuch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the winter of 1996, after 4 years of planning and research, the Symposium on the Virtual Utility was held in Saratoga Springs, New York. It was sponsored by Niag ara Mohawk Power Corporation, Co-sponsored by CSC Index and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority and hosted by Rensselaer Poly technic Institute, Troy, NY. The symposium sought to identify new areas of inquiry by presenting cutting-edge academic and practitioner research intended to further our understanding of the strategic, technologically-driven issues confronting the elec tricity production and distribution process. The program sought to offer new in sights into rapid changes in the utility industry, in part, by examining analogues from manufacturing and telecommunications. In addition to identifying new research areas, the symposium yielded a number of important findings and conclusions. This volume contains the presented papers of the meeting, the discussant reports and two special papers prepared by the meet ing rapporteurs who performed superbly in analyzing, synthesizing, explaining and generally bringing a cohesive perspective to the interesting yet complex set of ideas presented at this unique meeting. We would like to acknowledge the people and organizations that contributed to this effort. We thank Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation and Albert Budney, its President & Chief Operating Officer for sponsoring this project, and Andrew Vesey, Vice President, I whose vision, support and championing made this project possible.

Microgrid Architectures, Control and Protection Methods

Download Microgrid Architectures, Control and Protection Methods PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030237230
Total Pages : 781 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Microgrid Architectures, Control and Protection Methods by : Naser Mahdavi Tabatabaei

Download or read book Microgrid Architectures, Control and Protection Methods written by Naser Mahdavi Tabatabaei and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-01 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents intuitive explanations of the principles of microgrids, including their structure and operation and their applications. It also discusses the latest research on microgrid control and protection technologies and the essentials of microgrids as well as enhanced communication systems. The book provides solutions to microgrid operation and planning issues using various methodologies including planning and modelling; AC and DC hybrid microgrids; energy storage systems in microgrids; and optimal microgrid operational planning. Written by specialists, it is filled in innovative solutions and research related to microgrid operation, making it a valuable resource for those interested in developing updated approaches in electric power analysis, design and operational strategies. Thanks to its in-depth explanations and clear, three-part structure, it is useful for electrical engineering students, researchers and technicians.

Integrating Renewables in Electricity Markets

Download Integrating Renewables in Electricity Markets PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461494117
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Integrating Renewables in Electricity Markets by : Juan M. Morales

Download or read book Integrating Renewables in Electricity Markets written by Juan M. Morales and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-03 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This addition to the ISOR series addresses the analytics of the operations of electric energy systems with increasing penetration of stochastic renewable production facilities, such as wind- and solar-based generation units. As stochastic renewable production units become ubiquitous throughout electric energy systems, an increasing level of flexible backup provided by non-stochastic units and other system agents is needed if supply security and quality are to be maintained. Within the context above, this book provides up-to-date analytical tools to address challenging operational problems such as: • The modeling and forecasting of stochastic renewable power production. • The characterization of the impact of renewable production on market outcomes. • The clearing of electricity markets with high penetration of stochastic renewable units. • The development of mechanisms to counteract the variability and unpredictability of stochastic renewable units so that supply security is not at risk. • The trading of the electric energy produced by stochastic renewable producers. • The association of a number of electricity production facilities, stochastic and others, to increase their competitive edge in the electricity market. • The development of procedures to enable demand response and to facilitate the integration of stochastic renewable units. This book is written in a modular and tutorial manner and includes many illustrative examples to facilitate its comprehension. It is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of electric energy systems, applied mathematics and economics. Practitioners in the electric energy sector will benefit as well from the concepts and techniques explained in this book.

Microgrid Technologies

Download Microgrid Technologies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119710626
Total Pages : 560 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Microgrid Technologies by : C. Sharmeela

Download or read book Microgrid Technologies written by C. Sharmeela and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-03-11 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microgrid technology is an emerging area, and it has numerous advantages over the conventional power grid. A microgrid is defined as Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and interconnected loads with clearly defined electrical boundaries that act as a single controllable entity concerning the grid. Microgrid technology enables the connection and disconnection of the system from the grid. That is, the microgrid can operate both in grid-connected and islanded modes of operation. Microgrid technologies are an important part of the evolving landscape of energy and power systems. Many aspects of microgrids are discussed in this volume, including, in the early chapters of the book, the various types of energy storage systems, power and energy management for microgrids, power electronics interface for AC & DC microgrids, battery management systems for microgrid applications, power system analysis for microgrids, and many others. The middle section of the book presents the power quality problems in microgrid systems and its mitigations, gives an overview of various power quality problems and its solutions, describes the PSO algorithm based UPQC controller for power quality enhancement, describes the power quality enhancement and grid support through a solar energy conversion system, presents the fuzzy logic-based power quality assessments, and covers various power quality indices. The final chapters in the book present the recent advancements in the microgrids, applications of Internet of Things (IoT) for microgrids, the application of artificial intelligent techniques, modeling of green energy smart meter for microgrids, communication networks for microgrids, and other aspects of microgrid technologies. Valuable as a learning tool for beginners in this area as well as a daily reference for engineers and scientists working in the area of microgrids, this is a must-have for any library.

Integration of Renewable Energy Sources with Smart Grid

Download Integration of Renewable Energy Sources with Smart Grid PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119750423
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Integration of Renewable Energy Sources with Smart Grid by : M. Kathiresh

Download or read book Integration of Renewable Energy Sources with Smart Grid written by M. Kathiresh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-09-08 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES WITH SMART GRID Provides comprehensive coverage of renewable energy and its integration with smart grid technologies. This book starts with an overview of renewable energy technologies, smart grid technologies, and energy storage systems and covers the details of renewable energy integration with smart grid and the corresponding controls. It also provides an enhanced perspective on the power scenario in developing countries. The requirement of the integration of smart grid along with the energy storage systems is deeply discussed to acknowledge the importance of sustainable development of a smart city. The methodologies are made quite possible with highly efficient power convertor topologies and intelligent control schemes. These control schemes are capable of providing better control with the help of machine intelligence techniques and artificial intelligence. The book also addresses modern power convertor topologies and the corresponding control schemes for renewable energy integration with smart grid. The design and analysis of power converters that are used for the grid integration of solar PV along with simulation and experimental results are illustrated. The protection aspects of the microgrid with power electronic configurations for wind energy systems are elucidated. The book also discusses the challenges and mitigation measure in renewable energy integration with smart grid. Audience The core audience is hardware and software engineers working on renewable energy integration related projects, microgrids, smart grids and computing algorithms for converter and inverter circuits. Researchers and students in electrical, electronics and computer engineering will also benefit reading the book.