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Scale Economies And The Geographic Concentration Of Industry
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Book Synopsis Scale Economies and the Geographic Concentration of Industry by :
Download or read book Scale Economies and the Geographic Concentration of Industry written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. offers an abstract for the article entitled "Scale Economies and the Geographic Concentration of Industry," by Gordon H. Hanson. The article discusses the agglomeration effects related to regional demand linkages and short-run, industry specific externalities.
Book Synopsis Scale Economies and the Geographic Concentration of Industry by : Gordon Howard Hanson
Download or read book Scale Economies and the Geographic Concentration of Industry written by Gordon Howard Hanson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent empirical literature on spatial agglomeration, many papers find evidence consistent with location-specific externalities of some sort. Our willingness to accept evidence of agglomeration economies depends on how well key estimation problems have been addressed. Three issues are particularly troublesome for identifying agglomeration effects: unobserved regional characteristics, simultaneity in regional data, and multiple sources of externalities. Two empirical results appear to be robust to problems created by the first two issues: (a) individual wages are increasing in the presence of more-educated workers in the local labor force, which is consistent with localized human-capital externalities, and (b) long-run industry growth is higher in locations with a wider range of industrial activities, which suggests that firms benefit from being in more diverse urban environments. Other evidence is supportive of agglomeration effects related to regional demand linkages and short-run, industry-specific externalities
Book Synopsis Geographic Concentration and Establishment Size by : Thomas Joseph Holmes
Download or read book Geographic Concentration and Establishment Size written by Thomas Joseph Holmes and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Market Potential, Increasing Returns, and Geographic Concentration by : Gordon Howard Hanson
Download or read book Market Potential, Increasing Returns, and Geographic Concentration written by Gordon Howard Hanson and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, I examine the relationship between increasing returns to scale and the geographic concentration of economic activity. Using data on U.S. counties, I estimate the structural parameters of the Krugman (1991) model of economic geography. The specification I use, which is derived from the equilibrium conditions of the model, resembles a spatial labor demand function as it is proximity to consumer markets tha determines nominal wages and employment in a given location. Parameter estimates show support for small but significant scale economies; the estimated price-marginal cost ratio is 1.1 in 1980 and 1.2 in 1990. The parameter estimatines also suggest that geographic concentration is a stable feature of the spatial distribution of economic activity. As a prelude to the analysis, I estimate a reduced form of the Krugman model which approximates Harris' (1954) market-potential function. The estimation results show how far demand linkages extend across space and how shocks to income in one location affect wages and employment in other locations. Demand linkages between regions are strong and growing over time, but limited in geographic scope. Simulations based on parameter estimates suggest that a 10% fall in personal income for a region the size of Illinois reduces employment by 6.0-6.4% in counties that are 100 km in distance, with effects declining to zero for counties more than 800 km in distance. The results are consistent with a high volume of trade within cities and between proximate cities.
Book Synopsis The Economic Geography of Production, Trade, and Development by : Karsten Junius
Download or read book The Economic Geography of Production, Trade, and Development written by Karsten Junius and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technological progress has led to rapidly declining costs for transport and communication; trade integration via NAFTA or the EU reduces the costs of economic distance even further. This can have substantial consequences for the distribution of industries between peripheral and core regions. Based on recent advances in modeling economic geography, this study shows the forces that influence the degree of economic concentration in the course of economic development and globalization. The models are based on trade costs and economies and diseconomies of scale, all of which are found to be empirically relevant factors for spatial concentration. The study finds that in early stages of economic development, rising GDP levels and lower trade costs increase spatial concentration, while they decrease concentration in later stages, so that it peaks at per capita incomes of around US $12,000. Moreover, the historic degree of spatial concentration is found to have a long-lasting influence in the cross section of countries under study.
Book Synopsis Geographic Concentration and Industry Characteristics by : Sun-chʻan Pak
Download or read book Geographic Concentration and Industry Characteristics written by Sun-chʻan Pak and published by KIEP. This book was released on 2004 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Agglomeration Economies and Productivity in Inidian Industry by : Somik V. Lall
Download or read book Agglomeration Economies and Productivity in Inidian Industry written by Somik V. Lall and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: August 2001 The benefits to Indian manufacturing firms of locating in dense urban areas do not appear to offset the associated costs. Improving the quality and availability of transport infrastructure linking smaller urban areas to the rest of the interregional network would improve manufacturing plants' access to markets and would give standardized manufacturing activities a chance to move out of large, costly urban centers to lower cost secondary centers. "New" economic geography theory and the development of innovative methods of analysis have renewed interest in the location and spatial concentration of economic activities. Lall, Shalizi, and Deichmann examine the extent to which agglomeration economies contribute to economic productivity. They distinguish three sources of agglomeration economies: * At the firm level, from improved access to market centers. * At the industry level, from enhanced intra-industry linkages. * At the regional level, from inter-industry urbanization economies. The input demand framework they use in analysis permits the production function to be estimated jointly with a set of cost shares and makes allowances for nonconstant returns to scale and for agglomeration economies to be factor-augmenting. They use firm-level data for standardized manufacturing in India, together with spatially detailed physio-geographic information that considers the availability and quality of transport networks linking urban centers--thereby accounting for heterogeneity in the density of transport networks between different parts of the country. The sources and magnitudes of agglomeration vary considerably between industrial sectors. Their results indicate that access to markets through improvements in interregional infrastructure is an important determinant of firm-level productivity, whereas the benefits of locating in dense urban areas do not appear to offset the associated costs. Improving the quality and availability of transport infrastructure linking smaller urban areas to the rest of the interregional network would improve market access for manufacturing plants. It would also give standardized manufacturing activities a chance to move out of large, costly urban centers to lower cost secondary centers. This paper--a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the role of economic geography and urbanization in the development process. The authors may be contacted at [email protected], zshalizi @worldbank.org, or [email protected].
Book Synopsis Agglomeration Economics by : Edward L. Glaeser
Download or read book Agglomeration Economics written by Edward L. Glaeser and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-04-15 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When firms and people are located near each other in cities and in industrial clusters, they benefit in various ways, including by reducing the costs of exchanging goods and ideas. One might assume that these benefits would become less important as transportation and communication costs fall. Paradoxically, however, cities have become increasingly important, and even within cities industrial clusters remain vital. Agglomeration Economics brings together a group of essays that examine the reasons why economic activity continues to cluster together despite the falling costs of moving goods and transmitting information. The studies cover a wide range of topics and approach the economics of agglomeration from different angles. Together they advance our understanding of agglomeration and its implications for a globalized world.
Book Synopsis Diversity Matters by : Somik V. Lall
Download or read book Diversity Matters written by Somik V. Lall and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How does economic geography influence industrial production and thereby affect industrial location decisions and the spatial distribution of development? For manufacturing industry, what are the externalities that matter, and to what extent? Are these externalities spatially localized? The authors answer these questions by analyzing the influence of economic geography on the cost structure of manufacturing firms by firm size for eight industry sectors in India. The economic geography factors include market access and local and urban externalities-which are concentrations of own-industry firms, concentrations of buyer-supplier links, and industrial diversity at the district (local) level. The authors find that industrial diversity is the only economic geography variable that has a significant, consistent, and substantial cost-reducing effect for firms, particularly small firms. This finding calls into question the fundamental assumptions regarding localization economies and raises further concerns on the industrial development prospects of lagging regions in developing countries.
Book Synopsis Economic and Institutional Determinants of Geographical Concentration of Industries in Transition Economies by : Shu-Yen Wu
Download or read book Economic and Institutional Determinants of Geographical Concentration of Industries in Transition Economies written by Shu-Yen Wu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis investigates the determinants of geographical concentration of industries during the market-oriented reform period 1984-2005 in China, paying particular attention to both economic and institutional forces and their evolution over time. Province-level panel data and industry-level panel data are constructed for the analysis. We find evidence of increasing geographical concentration of industries and shifts of major manufacturing centers in the past thirty years. Our econometric analysis indicates that local market size, economies of scale and export-orientation are important determinants of the distribution of industries. We also find evidence for circular causality of demand linkage through local capital accumulation, which is consistent with New Economic Geography theory. As China is undergoing the transition from a central planned to market-oriented economy, institutional factors, such as regional protectionism and the dominance of state-owned enterprises in certain industries, are also found to affect the distribution of industries. We find that these institutional factors had offsetting effects against the economic forces in influencing the distribution of industries in the early stages of economic reforms. However, in more recent periods, as economic reforms deepen institutional factors become less important and economic forces become the dominant determinants of the distribution of industries in China.
Book Synopsis Multinational Firms' Location and the New Economic Geography by : Jean Louis Mucchielli
Download or read book Multinational Firms' Location and the New Economic Geography written by Jean Louis Mucchielli and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The choice of location for the production plants of multinational firms is an important issue, not least because this decision is accompanied by so many fears brought into public debate. This book analyses how foreign direct investors choose their locations, whilst exploring the forces which shape international economic geography. Although these two issues are, to some extent, inter-related, researchers have only recently acknowledged the similarity of economic geography and international business approaches to the empirical assessment of likely causes of the degree of spatial concentration observed in many modern industries. Giving insight into the direction that future research should take, this book contains state-of-the-art papers on both theoretical and empirical levels. This original collection makes a particularly important contribution to our understanding of the existence and impact of home market effects. Introducing a welcome synthesis between two related and yet rarely integrated areas of study using case studies of firms in Europe, US MNEs and the Mexican automobile industry, this book will be welcomed by both academic and practising economists. Regional scientists and.
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Geographical Economics by : Steven Brakman
Download or read book An Introduction to Geographical Economics written by Steven Brakman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-12-06 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for a better understanding of the role location plays in economic life was first and most famously made explicit by Bertil Ohlin in 1933. However it is only recently, with the development of computer packages able to handle complex systems, as well as advances in economic theory (in particular an increased understanding of returns to scale and imperfect competition), that Ohlin s vision has been met and a framework developed which explains the distribution of economic activity across space. This book is an integrated, non-mathematical, first-principles textbook presenting geographical economics to advanced students. Never avoiding advanced concepts, its emphasis is on examples, diagrams, and empirical evidence, making it the ideal starting point prior to monographic and journal material. Contains copious computer simulation exercises, available in book and electronic format to encourage learning and understanding through application. Uses case study material from North America, Europe, Africa and Australasia.
Book Synopsis Economic Geography and the Unequal Development of Regions by : Jean-Claude Prager
Download or read book Economic Geography and the Unequal Development of Regions written by Jean-Claude Prager and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-06-25 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behind the mystery of economic growth stands another mystery: why do some places fare better than others? Casual evidence shows that sizable differences exist at very different spatial scales (countries, regions and cities). This book aims to discuss the main economic reasons for the existence of peaks and troughs in the spatial distribution of wealth and people, with a special emphasis on the role of large cities and regional agglomerations in the process of economic development.
Book Synopsis Economic integration and spatial location of firms and industries by : Miroslav N. Jovanović
Download or read book Economic integration and spatial location of firms and industries written by Miroslav N. Jovanović and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aims to provide a survey of the theoretical foundations of spatial location of firms and industries, and to explore the impact of economic integration on this process. This book is intended for scholars, theorists, policymakers and business executives, who face these challenges to the economy.
Book Synopsis Geographic Concentration and Establishment Size by : Alicia Robb
Download or read book Geographic Concentration and Establishment Size written by Alicia Robb and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Productivity and the Geographic Concentration of Industry by : Christopher H. Wheeler
Download or read book Productivity and the Geographic Concentration of Industry written by Christopher H. Wheeler and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Geographic Concentration of Industry by : Glenn Ellison
Download or read book The Geographic Concentration of Industry written by Glenn Ellison and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
