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Salience
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Download or read book Salience written by Sophie Archer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-03-16 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salience is both central to human life and relatively underexplored as a philosophical topic. Whether it bothers you that the picture on your wall is wonky, whose advice you should take, whether you notice the homeless person at your feet as you squeeze your way down Oxford Street: these are all a function of salience. Salience is clearly of significance for a broad range of philosophical problems but rarely, if ever, has salience itself been the theme. This volume makes it so in an attempt to learn more about the place of salience in philosophy. All 13 chapters have been specially commissioned for this volume, and are written by an international team of leading philosophers. Salience: A Philosophical Inquiry is essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy of mind and psychology, epistemology, and ethics. It will also be of interest to those in related subjects such as psychology, politics, and law.
Book Synopsis Salience Network of the Human Brain by : Lucina Q. Uddin
Download or read book Salience Network of the Human Brain written by Lucina Q. Uddin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-08-24 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salience Network of the Human Brain focuses on the multiple sources of stimuli that compete for our attention, providing interesting discussions on how the relative salience—importance or prominence—of each of these inputs determines which ones we choose to focus on for more in-depth processing. The salience network is a collection of regions of the brain that select which stimuli are deserving of our attention. The network has key nodes in the insular cortex and is critical for detecting behaviorally relevant stimuli and for coordinating the brain’s neural resources in response to these stimuli. The insular cortex is a complex and multipurpose structure that plays a role in numerous cognitive functions related to perception, emotion, and interpersonal experience—and the failure of this network to function properly can lead to numerous neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, psychosis, and dementia. Presents the only publication available that summarizes our understanding of the salience network in one resource Authored by a leading research on this important aspect of attention Focuses on the multiple sources of stimuli that compete for our attention, providing interesting discussions on how the relative salience—importance or prominence—of each of these inputs determines which ones we choose to focus on for more in-depth processing
Book Synopsis The Salience of Marketing Stimuli by : Gianluigi Guido
Download or read book The Salience of Marketing Stimuli written by Gianluigi Guido and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In consumer and social psychology, salience has been generally treated as an attribute of a stimulus, which allows it to stand out and be noticed. Researchers, however, have only vaguely articulated the theoretical underpinnings of this term, thus impeding a thorough understanding of the perceptual processes behind its use in complex marketing communications. This book presents a theoretical approach for enhancing consumer processing and memory of marketing communication. Using schema theory and an information processing approach, the model introduced here - briefly referred to as the In-salience hypothesis emphasizes the nature of prominence which is intrinsic to any salience construct reviewed in literature. This model is part of wider Dichotic theory of salience, according to which a stimulus is salient either when it is incongruent in a certain context to a perceiver's schema, or when it is congruent in a certain context to a perceiver's goal. According to the four propositions of the model, in-salient stimuli are better recalled, affect both attention and interpretation, and are moderated by the degree of perceivers' comprehension (i.e., activation, accessibility, and availability of schemata), and involvement (i.e., personal relevance of the stimuli). Results of two empirical studies on print advertisements show that in-salient ad messages have the strongest impact in triggering ad processing which, in turn, leads to consumer awareness. The reading of this book is therefore recommended not only to academic scholars, but also to marketers especially planning ad campaigns and launches of new products.
Download or read book Salience written by Christian Chiarcos and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-05-26 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume addresses the role of salience in discourse and provides broad coverage of various perspectives on and functions of discourse salience. The range of multidisciplinary approaches adopted in the volume differ with regard to the underlying theoretical proposals and foci of research. The topics range from (i) entity-based salience to (ii) discourse-structural salience of utterances to (iii) extra-linguistic factors of salience in discourse. Accordingly, the volume is organized into three sections. Part I focuses on discourse referents and the choice of referring expressions. The contributions cover issues such as salience and demonstrativity in Russian, discourse salience and grammatical voice in the West Siberian language Eastern Khanty, the joined information of syntactic and semantic prominence, and a computational framework of salience metrics. The contributions to Part II are concerned with linguistic structures at or above the clause level. The salience of discourse segments is addressed with respect to the translation of discourse relations and position of verb arguments in Old High German. Part III extends the scope beyond purely linguistic phenomena and deals with the role of extra-linguistic salience in discourse processing. Visual salience in a situated-dialog context, salience marking by hypertextual links, and extra-linguistic salience derived from a mental representation of the described situation are all discussed here. The notion of salience is of relevance to discourse studies in theoretical linguistics, computational linguistics, as well as psycholinguistics.
Book Synopsis Salience of Information in Japanese by : Mitsuaki Shimojo
Download or read book Salience of Information in Japanese written by Mitsuaki Shimojo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-04-04 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Salience' is a linguistic phenomenon whereby information that is 'given', or 'new', is distributed and presented within a sentence in particular ways that convey its relevance. Although it has been widely described as the speaker's linguistic choices based on the hearer's perspective, it has received less attention as the speaker's manipulations of the hearer's cognitive states. This timely study redresses that balance by analysing several morphosyntactic phenomena in Japanese, drawing on a wide range of authentic language examples. Taking a functionalist perspective, it brings together studies of grammar and discourse, which are often described separately, and deploys the combined grammar-discourse approach in Role and Reference Grammar, the structural-functionalist theory in which syntax, semantics, and pragmatics are equally central to our understanding of language. It also offers an analysis of second language (L2) learners' Japanese discourse, and demonstrates the relevance of that analysis to issues outside of traditional second language research.
Book Synopsis Sound change, priming, salience by : Marten Juskan
Download or read book Sound change, priming, salience written by Marten Juskan and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2018-10-17 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume investigates the realisation and perception of four phonological variables in Liverpool English (Scouse), with a special focus on their sociolinguistic salience. Younger speakers’ speech is found to be more local, but only for the two salient variables in the sample (NURSE-SQUARE and /k/ lenition), which appear to carry considerable amounts of covert prestige. Local variants of non-salient happy-tensing and velar nasal plus, on the other hand, are actually found to be receding, so at least to a certain extent Scouse also seems to be participating in regional dialect levelling. The importance of salience is also obvious in the perception data, with only the two highly salient stereotypes generating robust effects in a social priming experiment (albeit in the unexpected direction). These results indicate that the investigated variables differ measurably not only in their use in production, but also in terms of how central they are to mental sociolinguistic representations of Scouse. They also tell us more about the way we process, store, and (re-)use sociolinguistic variation in perception. By defining likely contexts for significant priming effects they might finally even help in coming up with a more elaborate
Book Synopsis Salience in Sociolinguistics by : Péter Rácz
Download or read book Salience in Sociolinguistics written by Péter Rácz and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-10-14 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work proposes a definition of the notion of salience in sociolinguistics. Salient linguistic variants are those that are easily picked up by the listeners, and these stand in opposition to `invisible' variants, which are, even if they also show complex social stratification, completely ignored. Taking a quantitative angle, this work sees salience as a function of relative frequency differences, giving it an empirically testable operationalisation.
Book Synopsis Issue Salience in International Politics by : Kai Oppermann
Download or read book Issue Salience in International Politics written by Kai Oppermann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-06-02 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the salience of foreign and security policy issues to domestic actors, its role in the analysis of international politics and its consequences for foreign policy decision-making. It provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of issue salience and develops the state of the art. Beginning with a chapter on the concept of issue salience and its role in analysing international politics, it has a strong comparative framework and focuses on different domestic actors: the general public; political parties/parliaments; and the media. It features empirical studies drawn from countries in Western Europe and North America and addresses the salience of different issue areas in three key areas of international politics: European Integration Foreign and Security Policy Transatlantic Relations Finally the book offers critical appraisals of the theoretical underpinnings of the concept of issue salience and the methods for measuring it. This volume makes an important contribution to scholarly debates on the role of public opinion in foreign affairs and on the prospects of parliamentary control of foreign and security policy. It will be of interest to students and scholars of political science, international relations and foreign policy. Kai Oppermann is Assistant Professor at the Institute for Political Science and European Affairs, University of Cologne, Germany and the Managing Editor of Zeitschrift für Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik. Dr. Henrike Viehrig is Assistant Professor and Chair of International Politics and Foreign Policy at the University of Cologne, Germany.
Book Synopsis Salience in Second Language Acquisition by : Susan M. Gass
Download or read book Salience in Second Language Acquisition written by Susan M. Gass and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-31 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salience in Second Language Acquisition brings together contributions from top scholars of second language acquisition (SLA) in a comprehensive volume of the existing literature and current research on salience. In the first book to focus exclusively on this integral topic, the editors and contributors define and explore what makes a linguistic feature salient in sections on theory, perpetual salience, and constructed salience. They also provide a history of SLA theory and discussion on its contemporary use in research. An approachable introduction to the topic, this book is an ideal supplement to courses in SLA, and a valuable resource for researchers and scholars looking for a better understanding of the subject.
Book Synopsis Perceptual Linguistic Salience: Modeling Causes and Consequences by : Alice Blumenthal-Dramé
Download or read book Perceptual Linguistic Salience: Modeling Causes and Consequences written by Alice Blumenthal-Dramé and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-06-05 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have seen an upsurge of interest in the notion of salience in linguistics and related disciplines. While in top-down salience, perceivers endogenously direct their attention to a certain stimulus, in the bottom-up salience, it is the stimulus itself which attracts attention. In prototypical cases of bottom-up salience, the stimulus stands out because it is incongruous with a given ground by virtue of intrinsic physical characteristics. But a stimulus may also cause surprise by virtue of deviating from a cognitive ground, e.g., when violating social or probabilistic expectations. This has prompted researchers to examine the relationship between expectations and the perceptual salience of linguistic stimuli in new ways. This e-book features contributions from different scientific frameworks. The reader will find commentaries, reviews, and original research articles on models of sociolinguistic and morphological salience, the role of attention, affect, and predictability, and on how salient items are processed, categorized and learned. Taken together, the articles in this volume contribute to our understanding of how the perceptual salience of linguistic forms and variants can be theoretically framed and methodologically operationalized in different areas of linguistic processing.
Book Synopsis Salience and Defaults in Utterance Processing by : Kasia M. Jaszczolt
Download or read book Salience and Defaults in Utterance Processing written by Kasia M. Jaszczolt and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-10-27 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book addresses controversies around the conscious vs automatic processing of contextual information and the distinction between literal and nonliteral meaning. It sheds new light on the relation of the literal/nonliteral distinction to the distinction between the automatic and conscious retrieval of information. The question of literal meaning is inherently interwoven with the question of lexical salience on one hand and default interpretations on the other. This volume addresses these interconnected issues, stressing their mutual interdependence. It contributes new, ground-breaking insights into the questions of literalness, semantics-pragmatics interface, automatic (default) retrieval and contextual pragmatic enrichment, modelling of discourse processing, lexical pragmatics, and other related issues.
Book Synopsis Salience in Second Language Acquisition by : Susan M. Gass
Download or read book Salience in Second Language Acquisition written by Susan M. Gass and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-31 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salience in Second Language Acquisition brings together contributions from top scholars of second language acquisition (SLA) in a comprehensive volume of the existing literature and current research on salience. In the first book to focus exclusively on this integral topic, the editors and contributors define and explore what makes a linguistic feature salient in sections on theory, perpetual salience, and constructed salience. They also provide a history of SLA theory and discussion on its contemporary use in research. An approachable introduction to the topic, this book is an ideal supplement to courses in SLA, and a valuable resource for researchers and scholars looking for a better understanding of the subject.
Book Synopsis The Salience of Marketing Stimuli by : Gianluigi Guido
Download or read book The Salience of Marketing Stimuli written by Gianluigi Guido and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-04-30 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a theoretical approach for enhancing consumer processing and memory of marketing communication.
Book Synopsis A Mismatch of Salience by : Damian Milton
Download or read book A Mismatch of Salience written by Damian Milton and published by Pavilion Publishing and Media Limited. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Mismatch of Salience brings together a range of Damian Milton's writings that span more than a decade. The book explores the communication and understanding difficulties that can create barriers between people on the autism spectrum and neurotypical people. It celebrates diversity in communication styles and human experience by re framing the view that autistic people represent a 'disordered other' not as an impairment, but a two-way mismatch of salience. It also looks at how our current knowledge has been created by non-autistic people on the 'outside', looking in. A Mismatch of Salience attempts to redress this balance.
Book Synopsis Silent Or Salient Gender? by : Hanne Løland
Download or read book Silent Or Salient Gender? written by Hanne Løland and published by Mohr Siebeck. This book was released on 2008 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hanne Loland studies gendered god-language in the Hebrew Bible. She offers a theoretical framework that is helpful for the interpretation of biblical language used in reference to God and for the broader theological and scholarly debate on God and gender. One of the main questions Loland discusses is whether and how gende r is salient - that is, of significance - when gendered god-language occurs in a text. This is a new line of questioning in Hebrew Bible research, which so far has been mostly concerned with mapping the occurrences of feminine god-language. The question of gender significance is debated both in theoretical discussions on God, gender and language, and in three case studies (Isa 42:13-14, 46:3-4, and 49:14-15). These texts are chosen primarily because of today's research situation, where there has been a claim that Isa 40-55 (or 40-66) differs from the rest of the Hebrew Bible in its use of feminine god-language. Loland argues that there is in principle no difference between god-language formulated in similes or metaphors. Further, there is no significant difference between male and female god-language in the Hebrew Bible. These findings are also relevant for the contemporary debate concerning god-language in academia, church, and synagogue. This volume was recognized with the John Templeton Award for Theological Promise in 2008.
Book Synopsis Making Gender Salient by : Ana Catalano Weeks
Download or read book Making Gender Salient written by Ana Catalano Weeks and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-06-30 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do gender quota laws – policies that mandate women's inclusion on parties' candidate slates – affect policy outcomes? Making Gender Salient tackles this crucial question by offering a new theory to understand when and how gender quota laws impact policy. Drawing on cross-national data from high-income democracies and a mixed-methods research design, the book argues that quotas lead to policy change for issues characterized by a gender gap in preferences, especially if these issues deviate from the usual left/right party policy divide. The book focuses on one such issue, work-family policies, and finds that quotas shift work-family policies in the direction of gender equality. Substantive chapters show that quotas make gender more salient by giving women louder voices within parties, providing access to powerful ministerial roles, and encouraging male party leaders to compete on previously marginalized issues. The book concludes that quotas are one important way of facilitating congruence between women's policy preferences and actual policy outcomes.
Download or read book Small Groups written by John M. Levine and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2008-02-19 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on small groups is highly diverse because investigators who study such groups vary in their disciplinary identifications, theoretical interests, and methodological preferences. The goal of this volume is to capture that diversity, and thereby convey the breadth and excitement of small group research by acquainting students with work on five fundamental aspects of groups. The volume also includes an introductory chapter by the editors which provides an overview of the history of and current state-of-the-art in the field. Together with introductions to each section, discussion questions and suggestions for further reading, make the volume ideal reading for senior undergraduate and graduate students interested in group dynamics.
