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Safety Aspects Of The Modular High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor Mhtgr
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Book Synopsis Safety Aspects of the Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHTGR). by :
Download or read book Safety Aspects of the Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHTGR). written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHTGR) is an advanced reactor concept under development through a cooperative program involving the US Government, the nuclear industry and the utilities. The design utilizes the basic high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) features of ceramic fuel, helium coolant, and a graphite moderator. The qualitative top-level safety requirement is that the plant's operation not disturb the normal day-to-day activities of the public. The MHTGR safety response to events challenging the functions relied on to retain radionuclides within the coated fuel particles has been evaluated. A broad range of challenges to core heat removal have been examined which include a loss of helium pressure and a simultaneous loss of forced cooling of the core. The challenges to control of heat generation have considered not only the failure to insert the reactivity control systems, but the withdrawal of control rods. Finally, challenges to control chemical attack of the ceramic coated fuel have been considered, including catastrophic failure of the steam generator allowing water ingress or of the pressure vessels allowing air ingress. The plant's response to these extreme challenges is not dependent on operator action and the events considered encompass conceivable operator errors. In the same vein, reliance on radionuclide retention within the full particle and on passive features to perform a few key functions to maintain the fuel within acceptable conditions also reduced susceptibility to external events, site-specific events, and to acts of sabotage and terrorism. 4 refs., 14 figs., 1 tab.
Book Synopsis Probabilistic Risk Assessment of the Modular High-temperature Gas-cooled Reactor by :
Download or read book Probabilistic Risk Assessment of the Modular High-temperature Gas-cooled Reactor written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive safety risk assessment shows the Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHTGR) to behave in an extraordinarily benign manner with only limited offsite releases predicted during even extremely unlikely accidents. By virtue of its high reliance on passive features inherent in the MHTGR, the overall safety of the concept is shown to be relatively insensitive to failures in active systems or operator actions.
Book Synopsis Safety and Licensing of MHTGR (Modular High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor). by :
Download or read book Safety and Licensing of MHTGR (Modular High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor). written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Modular High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (MHTGR) design meets stringent top-level regulatory and user safety requirements that require that the normal and off-normal operation of the plant not disturb the public's day-to-day activities. Quantitative, top-level regulatory criteria have been specified from US NRC and EPA sources to guide the design. The user/utility group has further specified that these criteria be met at the plant boundary. The focus of the safety approach has then been centered on retaining the radionuclide inventory within the fuel by removing core heat, controlling chemical attack, and by controlling heat generation. The MHTGR is shown to passively meet the stringent requirements with margin. No operator action is required and the plant is insensitive to operator error.
Book Synopsis MHTGR (Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor) Design and Development Status by :
Download or read book MHTGR (Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor) Design and Development Status written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHTGR) is an advanced power plant concept which has been under design definition since 1984. The design utilizes basic high-temperature gas-cooled reactor features of ceramic fuel, helium coolant and a graphite moderator which have been under development for 30 years. The geometric arrangement of the reactor vessels, the core and the heat removal components has been selected to exploit the inherent characteristics associated with high temperature materials. The design utilizes passively safe features which provide a higher margin of safety and investment protection than current generation reactors. The design has been evaluated to be economically attractive relative to modern coal fired plants. The design and development program is a cooperative effort by the US government, the utilities and the nuclear industry. 8 refs., 4 figs., 4 tabs.
Book Synopsis Environmental Aspects of MHTGR (Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor) Operation by :
Download or read book Environmental Aspects of MHTGR (Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor) Operation written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHTGR) is an advanced reactor concept being developed under a cooperative program involving the US Government, the utilities and the nuclear industry. This plant design utilizes basic High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) features of ceramic fuel, helium coolant, and a graphite moderator. The MHTGR design approach leading to exceptional safety performance also leads to plant operation which is characterized by extremely low radiological emissions even for very low probability accidents. Coated fuel particles retain radionuclides within the fuel, thus minimizing material contamination and personnel exposure. The objective of this paper is to characterize radioactive effluents expected from the normal operation of an MHTGR. In addition, other nonradioactive effluents associated with a power generating facility are discussed. Nuclear power plants produce radioactive effluents during normal operation in gaseous, liquid and solid forms. Principal sources of radioactive waste within the MHTGR are identified. The manner in which it is planned to treat these wastes is described. Like other reactors, the MHTGR produces nonradioactive effluents associated with heat generation and chemical usage. However, due to the MHTGR's higher efficiency, water usage requirements and chemical discharges for the MHTGR are minimized relative to other types of nuclear power plants. Based upon prior operating HTGR experience and analysis, effluents are quantified in terms of radioactivity levels and/or emission volume. Results, quantified within the paper, demonstrate that effluents from the MHTGR are well below regulatory limits and that the MHTGR has a minimal impact upon the public and the environment. 14 refs., 2 figs., 4 tabs.
Book Synopsis Operator Role in the Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor's Safety Approach by :
Download or read book Operator Role in the Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor's Safety Approach written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper summarizes the approach of the Standard Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHTGR) program to determine the role of the operator, discusses the safety role of the operator, and reviews the safety role of the operator with respect to the NRC Advanced Reactor Policy. 4 refs.
Book Synopsis The Passive Safety Characteristics of Modular High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor Fuel Elements by :
Download or read book The Passive Safety Characteristics of Modular High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor Fuel Elements written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors (HTGR) in both the US and West Germany use an all-ceramic, coated fuel particle to retain fission products. Data from irradiation, postirradiation examinations and postirradiation heating experiments are used to study the performance capabilities of the fuel particles. The experimental results from fission product release tests with HTGR fuel are discussed. These data are used for development of predictive fuel performance models for purposes of design, licensing, and risk analyses. During off normal events, where temperatures may reach up to 1600°C, the data show that no significant radionuclide releases from the fuel will occur.
Book Synopsis Innovative Safety Features of the Modular HTGR. by :
Download or read book Innovative Safety Features of the Modular HTGR. written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Modular High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHTGR) is an advanced reactor concept under development through a cooperative program involving the US Government, the nuclear industry, and the utilities. Near-term development is focused on electricity generation. The top-level safety requirement is that the plant's operation not disturb the normal day-to-day activities of the public. Quantitatively, this requires that the design meet the US Environmental Protection Agency's Protective Action Guides at the site boundary and hence preclude the need for sheltering or evacuation of the public. To meet these stringent safety requirements and at the same time provide a cost competitive design requires the innovative use of the basic high temperature gas-cooled reactor features of ceramic fuel, helium coolant, and a graphite moderator. The specific fuel composition and core size and configuration have been selected to the use the natural characteristics of these materials to develop significantly higher margins of safety. In this document the innovative safety features of the MHTGR are reviewed by examining the safety response to events challenging the functions relied on to retain radionuclides within the coated fuel particles. A broad range of challenges to core heat removal are examined, including a loss of helium pressure of a simultaneous loss of forced cooling of the core. The challenges to control of heat generation consider not only the failure to insert the reactivity control systems but also the withdrawal of control rods. Finally, challenges to control of chemical attack of the ceramic-coated fuel are considered, including catastrophic failure of the steam generator, which allows water ingress, or failure of the pressure vessels, which allows air ingress. The plant's response to these extreme challenges is not dependent on operator action, and the events considered encompass conceivable operator errors.
Book Synopsis Modular High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Safety Basis and Approach by :
Download or read book Modular High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Safety Basis and Approach written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various international efforts are underway to assess the safety of advanced nuclear reactor designs. For example, the International Atomic Energy Agency has recently held its first Consultancy Meeting on a new cooperative research program on high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) safety. Furthermore, the Generation IV International Forum Reactor Safety Working Group has recently developed a methodology, called the Integrated Safety Assessment Methodology, for use in Generation IV advanced reactor technology development, design, and design review. A risk and safety assessment white paper is under development with respect to the Very High Temperature Reactor to pilot the Integrated Safety Assessment Methodology and to demonstrate its validity and feasibility. To support such efforts, this information paper on the modular HTGR safety basis and approach has been prepared. The paper provides a summary level introduction to HTGR history, public safety objectives, inherent and passive safety features, radionuclide release barriers, functional safety approach, and risk-informed safety approach. The information in this paper is intended to further the understanding of the modular HTGR safety approach. The paper gives those involved in the assessment of advanced reactor designs an opportunity to assess an advanced design that has already received extensive review by regulatory authorities and to judge the utility of recently proposed new methods for advanced reactor safety assessment such as the Integrated Safety Assessment Methodology.
Book Synopsis Modular High-temperature Gas-cooled Reactor Short-term Thermal Response to Flow and Reactivity Transients by :
Download or read book Modular High-temperature Gas-cooled Reactor Short-term Thermal Response to Flow and Reactivity Transients written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research reported here has been conducted at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Division of Regulatory Applications of the Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. The short-term thermal response of the Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHTGR) is analyzed for a range of flow and reactivity transients. These transients include loss of forced circulation without scram, spurious withdrawal of a control rod group, moisture ingress, control rod and control rod group ejections, and a rapid core cooling event. For each event analyzed, an event description, a discussion of the analysis approach and assumptions, and results are presented. When possible, results of these analyses are compared with those presented by the designers in the MHTGR Preliminary Safety Information Document and in the MHTGR Probabilistic Risk Assessment. The importance of inherent safety features is illustrated, and conclusions are presented regarding the safety performance of the MHTGR. Recommendations are made for a more in-depth examination of MHTGR response for some of the analyzed transients. The coupled heat transfer-neutron kinetics model is described in detail in Appendix A.
Download or read book Nuclear Safety written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-11 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Modular High-temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (MHTGR). by :
Download or read book The Modular High-temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (MHTGR). written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The MHTGR is an advanced reactor concept being developed in the USA under a cooperative program involving the US Government, the nuclear industry and the utilities. The design utilizes basic HTGR features of ceramic fuel, helium coolant and a graphite moderator. However the specific size and configuration are selected to utilize the inherently safe characteristics associated with these standard features coupled with passive safety systems to provide a significantly higher margin of safety and investment protection than current generation reactors. Evacuation or sheltering of the public is not required. The major components of the nuclear steam supply, with special emphasis on the core, are described. Safety assessments of the concept are discussed.
Book Synopsis Environmental Impacts of the Modular High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (MHTGR) by : Scott William Pappano
Download or read book Environmental Impacts of the Modular High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (MHTGR) written by Scott William Pappano and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Safety Aspects of Forced Flow Cooldown Transients in Modular High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors by :
Download or read book Safety Aspects of Forced Flow Cooldown Transients in Modular High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During some of the design basis accidents in Modular High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactors (MHTGRs), the main Heat Transport System (HTS) and the Shutdown Cooling System n removed by the passive Reactor (SCS) are assumed to have failed. Decay heat is the Cavity Cooling System (RCCS) only. If either forced flow cooling system becomes available during such a transient, its restart could significantly reduce the down-time. This report used the THATCH code to examine whether such restart, during a period of elevated core temperatures, can be accomplished within safe limits for fuel and metal component temperatures. If the reactor is scrammed, either system can apparently be restarted at any time, without exceeding any safe limits. However, under unscrammed conditions a restart of forced cooling can lead to recriticality, with fuel and metal temperatures significantly exceeding the safety limits.
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Energy Research and Production Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :216 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (121 download)
Book Synopsis The Technology for an Ultrasafe Reactor by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Energy Research and Production
Download or read book The Technology for an Ultrasafe Reactor written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Energy Research and Production and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
