Rotational And Vibrational Raman Spectroscopy For Thermochemistry Measurements In Supersonic Flames

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Rotational and Vibrational Raman Spectroscopy for Thermochemistry Measurements in Supersonic Flames

Author : Alexander C Bayeh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis Rotational and Vibrational Raman Spectroscopy for Thermochemistry Measurements in Supersonic Flames by : Alexander C Bayeh

Download or read book Rotational and Vibrational Raman Spectroscopy for Thermochemistry Measurements in Supersonic Flames written by Alexander C Bayeh and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High speed chemically reacting flows are important in a variety of aerospace applications, namely ramjets, scramjets, afterburners, and rocket exhausts. To study flame extinction under similar high Mach number conditions, we need access to thermochemistry measurements in supersonic environments. In the current work a two-stage miniaturized combustor has been designed that can produce open supersonic methane-air flames amenable to laser diagnostics. The first stage is a vitiation burner, and was inspired by well-known principles of jet combustors. We explored the salient parameters of operation experimentally, and verified flame holding computationally using a well-stirred reactor model. The second stage of the burner generates an external supersonic flame, operating in premixed and partially premixed modes. The very high Mach numbers present in the supersonic flames should provide a useful test bed for the examination of flame suppression and extinction using laser diagnostics. We also present the development of new line imaging diagnostics for thermochemistry measurements in high speed flows. A novel combination of vibrational and rotational Raman scattering is used to measure major species densities (O2, N2, CH4, H2O,CO2, CO, & H2) and temperature. Temperature is determined by the rotational Raman technique by comparing measured rotational spectra to simulated spectra based on the measured chemical composition. Pressure is calculated from density and temperature measurements through the ideal gas law. The independent assessment of density and temperature allows for measurements in environments where the pressure is not known a priori. In the present study we applied the diagnostics to laboratory scale supersonic air and vitiation jets, and examine the feasibility of such measurements in reacting supersonic flames. Results of full thermochemistry were obtained for the air and vitiation jets that reveal the expected structure of an under-expanded jet. Centerline traces of density, temperature, and pressure of the air jet agree well with computations, while measurements of chemical composition for the vitiation flow also agree well with predicted equilibrium values. Finally, we apply the new diagnostics to the exhaust of the developed burner, and show the first ever results for density, temperature, and pressure, as well as chemical composition in a supersonic flame. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151043

Multiscalar Line Measurements in Nonisobaric High-pressure Underexpanded Supersonic Jets Using Rotational-vibrational Raman Spectroscopy

Download Multiscalar Line Measurements in Nonisobaric High-pressure Underexpanded Supersonic Jets Using Rotational-vibrational Raman Spectroscopy PDF Online Free

Author : Benjamin Nathan Cohen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis Multiscalar Line Measurements in Nonisobaric High-pressure Underexpanded Supersonic Jets Using Rotational-vibrational Raman Spectroscopy by : Benjamin Nathan Cohen

Download or read book Multiscalar Line Measurements in Nonisobaric High-pressure Underexpanded Supersonic Jets Using Rotational-vibrational Raman Spectroscopy written by Benjamin Nathan Cohen and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work describes the development of a Raman spectroscopy system for measuring aerothermochemistry in high-speed jets and flames. A transmissive grating spectrometer was newly developed for capturing pure rotational Raman and rotationalvibrational Raman with a single CCD camera. Previous state-of-the-art experiments applied line imagining in known flowfields of constant pressure. The system described herein is designed to provide local measurement of pressure, with full thermochemistry, along a line. In every point, temperature will be measured by examining the Boltzmann decay of the rotational spectrum, while molar fraction will be measured from the vibrational Raman spectrum. The temperature and concentrations will then be combined to obtain partial pressure measurements via the equation of state. This work examines the phenomenology of rotational and vibrational Raman scattering and proposes algorithms that can be used for data extraction.

Rotational-vibrational Raman Spectroscopy for Measurements of Thermochemistry in Non-isobaric Environments

Author : Alexander Christian Bayeh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (69 download)

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Book Synopsis Rotational-vibrational Raman Spectroscopy for Measurements of Thermochemistry in Non-isobaric Environments by : Alexander Christian Bayeh

Download or read book Rotational-vibrational Raman Spectroscopy for Measurements of Thermochemistry in Non-isobaric Environments written by Alexander Christian Bayeh and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present work examines line measurements of pressure, temperature, and density in high speed, non-isobaric flows emanating from an underexpanded jet nozzle. Line images of rotational and vibrational Raman spectra are collected for a 8-mm linear laser probe, and are combined onto the same EMCCD detector. Combining the two techniques allows for a single-shot measurement of major species, pressure, and temperature in a turbulent non-isobaric environment that is chemically reacting. Temperature measurements along the laser test section are extracted from the rotational Raman spectrum, whereas major species densities are measured by examining the intensities of their respective vibrational Raman lines. Pressure can be calculated using an equation of state, in every location along the linear laser probe. The technique feasibility is examined by performing measurements of pressure, temperature and density in a non-reacting underexpanded air jet where the chemical composition is constant and known. Future work will extend the technique to chemically reacting supersonic flows with unknown chemical composition.

Raman Spectroscopy of Conformational Rearrangements at Low Temperatures

Author : Nils Olaf Bernd Luttschwager
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783319085678
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (856 download)

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Book Synopsis Raman Spectroscopy of Conformational Rearrangements at Low Temperatures by : Nils Olaf Bernd Luttschwager

Download or read book Raman Spectroscopy of Conformational Rearrangements at Low Temperatures written by Nils Olaf Bernd Luttschwager and published by . This book was released on 2014-09-30 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Raman Spectroscopy of Hot Gases and Flames

Author : L. Beardmore
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (597 download)

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Book Synopsis Raman Spectroscopy of Hot Gases and Flames by : L. Beardmore

Download or read book Raman Spectroscopy of Hot Gases and Flames written by L. Beardmore and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Introduction to Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy

Author : Norman Colthup
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 032316160X
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy by : Norman Colthup

Download or read book Introduction to Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy written by Norman Colthup and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy focuses on the theoretical and experimental aspects of infrared and Raman spectroscopy, with emphasis on detailed group frequency correlations and their vibrational origin. Topics covered include vibrational and rotational spectra, molecular symmetry, methyl and methylene groups, triple bonds and cumulated double bonds, and olefin groups. Aromatic and heteroaromatic rings are also considered, along with carbonyl compounds and molecular vibrations. This book is comprised of 14 chapters and begins with a discussion on the use of Raman and infrared spectroscopy to study the vibrational and rotational frequencies of molecules, paying particular attention to photon energy and degrees of freedom of molecular motion. The quantum mechanical harmonic oscillator and the anharmonic oscillator are described. The next chapter focuses on the experimental techniques and instrumentation needed to measure infrared absorption spectra and Raman spectra. Symmetry is then discussed from the standpoint of the spectroscopist. The following chapters explore the vibrational origin of group frequencies, with an emphasis on mechanical effects; spectra-structure correlations; and the spectra of compounds such as ethers, alcohols, and phenols. The final chapter demonstrates how the frequencies and forms of a nonlinear molecule's normal modes of vibration may be calculated mathematically. This monograph will be a useful resource for spectroscopists and physical scientists.

Raman Spectroscopy of Gases and Liquids

Author : A. Weber
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642812791
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (428 download)

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Book Synopsis Raman Spectroscopy of Gases and Liquids by : A. Weber

Download or read book Raman Spectroscopy of Gases and Liquids written by A. Weber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Raman effect is a most useful tool for the study of molecular vibrations and molecular structure. Information about the structure and symmetry of molecules, as well as about their vibrational energies can be obtained to a reasonable degree of satisfaction from their infrared and Raman vibrational spectra. The body of knowl edqe of the vibrational infrared and Raman spectra of molecules is immense and is now so well organized and understood that it is found to be represented in any stan dard upper level undergraduate curriculum in chemistry. The rotational energies of a molecule and quantitative details about its structure can only be obtained through the techniques of microwave, and high-resolution infrared and Raman spectroscopy of low pressure gases and vapors. The results of such investigations are of interest . not only to the academic scientists, but also to scientists and engineers who are active in applied fields of chemistry and physics, as well as the atmospheric sciences. This book deals with basic investigations of the Raman scattering of light by gases, with some attention also being given to liquid substances. After a brief in troductory chapter that delineates the historical development of Raman spectroscopy of gases, high-resolution rotation-vibrational and pure rotational Raman spectros copy is described in Chapters 2 and 3. The all-important intensity parameter, the Raman scattering cross section, is treated in Chapter 4, while the broadening of Raman lines due to the effects of intermolecular forces is taken up in Chapter 5.

Measurement and Simulation of Spontaneous Raman Scattering Spectra in High-Pressure, Fuel-Rich H2-Air Flames

Author : Nasa Technical Reports Server (Ntrs)
Publisher : BiblioGov
ISBN 13 : 9781289288655
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (886 download)

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Book Synopsis Measurement and Simulation of Spontaneous Raman Scattering Spectra in High-Pressure, Fuel-Rich H2-Air Flames by : Nasa Technical Reports Server (Ntrs)

Download or read book Measurement and Simulation of Spontaneous Raman Scattering Spectra in High-Pressure, Fuel-Rich H2-Air Flames written by Nasa Technical Reports Server (Ntrs) and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-08 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rotational vibrational spontaneous Raman spectra (SRS) of H2, N2, and H2O have been measured in H2-air flames at pressures up to 30 atm as a first stem towards establishing a comprehensive Raman spectral database for temperatures and species in high-pressure combustion. A newly developed high-pressure burner facility provides steady, reproducible flames with a high degree of flow precision. We have obtained an initial set of measurements that indicate the spectra are of sufficient quality in terms of spectral resolution, wavelength coverage, and signal-to-noise ratio for use in future reference standards. The fully resolved Stokes and anti-Stokes shifted SRS spectra were collected in the visible wavelength range (400-700 nm) using pulse-stretched 532 nm excitation and a non-intensified CCD spectrograph with a high-speed shutter. Reasonable temperatures were determined via the intensity distribution of rotational H2 lines at stoichiometry and fuel-rich conditions. Theoretical Raman spectra of H2 were computed using a semi-classical harmonic-oscillator model with recent pressure broadening data and were compared with experimental results. The data and simulation indicated that high-J rotational lines of H2 might interfere with the N2 vibrational Q-branch lines, and this could lead to errors in N2-Raman thermometry based on the line-fitting method. From a comparison of N2 Q-branch spectra in lean H2 low-pressure (1.2 atm) and high-pressure (30 atm) flames, we found no significant line-narrowing or -broadening effects at the current spectrometer resolution of 0.04 nm.

Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128032251
Total Pages : 3716 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry by :

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-09-22 with total page 3716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third edition of the Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry, Three Volume Set provides authoritative and comprehensive coverage of all aspects of spectroscopy and closely related subjects that use the same fundamental principles, including mass spectrometry, imaging techniques and applications. It includes the history, theoretical background, details of instrumentation and technology, and current applications of the key areas of spectroscopy. The new edition will include over 80 new articles across the field. These will complement those from the previous edition, which have been brought up-to-date to reflect the latest trends in the field. Coverage in the third edition includes: Atomic spectroscopy Electronic spectroscopy Fundamentals in spectroscopy High-Energy spectroscopy Magnetic resonance Mass spectrometry Spatially-resolved spectroscopic analysis Vibrational, rotational and Raman spectroscopies The new edition is aimed at professional scientists seeking to familiarize themselves with particular topics quickly and easily. This major reference work continues to be clear and accessible and focus on the fundamental principles, techniques and applications of spectroscopy and spectrometry. Incorporates more than 150 color figures, 5,000 references, and 300 articles for a thorough examination of the field Highlights new research and promotes innovation in applied areas ranging from food science and forensics to biomedicine and health Presents a one-stop resource for quick access to answers and an in-depth examination of topics in the spectroscopy and spectrometry arenas

Static Temperature Measurements in Supersonic Flow Using Laser Raman Spectroscopy

Author : Paul A. Nystrom
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (349 download)

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Book Synopsis Static Temperature Measurements in Supersonic Flow Using Laser Raman Spectroscopy by : Paul A. Nystrom

Download or read book Static Temperature Measurements in Supersonic Flow Using Laser Raman Spectroscopy written by Paul A. Nystrom and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Laser Raman Spectroscopy of Flames: Theory and Preliminary Results

Author : J. A. Vanderhoff
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis Laser Raman Spectroscopy of Flames: Theory and Preliminary Results by : J. A. Vanderhoff

Download or read book Laser Raman Spectroscopy of Flames: Theory and Preliminary Results written by J. A. Vanderhoff and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Raman spectroscopy apparatus using intracavity argon ion laser excitation and photon counting detection has been used to measure both pure rotational and rotational-vibrational spectra of N2 from room temperature up to approximately 2200 K using pure gas samples, methane-air, and methane-nitrous oxide flames. Synthetic spectra generated by computer have been used to extract temperatures from the rotational-vibrational data using peak height ratios.

Vibrational Spectroscopy

Author : A. J. Barnes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Vibrational Spectroscopy by : A. J. Barnes

Download or read book Vibrational Spectroscopy written by A. J. Barnes and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Development and Applications of Filament-assisted Impulsive Vibrational and Rotational Raman Spectroscopies

Author : Erin Theresa McCole Dlugosz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Development and Applications of Filament-assisted Impulsive Vibrational and Rotational Raman Spectroscopies by : Erin Theresa McCole Dlugosz

Download or read book Development and Applications of Filament-assisted Impulsive Vibrational and Rotational Raman Spectroscopies written by Erin Theresa McCole Dlugosz and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation details the development and applications of two innovative types of optical filament-based impulsive Raman spectroscopy: filament-assisted Raman spectroscopy (FAIRS) and spectral-to-temporal amplitude mapping polarization spectroscopy (STAMPS). These techniques provide complimentary vibrational and rotational information on molecular systems of interest. Both are powerful due to their impulsive nature which allows for rapid measurement of entire Raman spectra. However, each type of spectroscopy utilizes the filament in a different manner. The recently reported vibrational technique, referred to as filament-assisted impulsive Raman spectroscopy, employs the pulse shortening and continuum generation of filamentation to impulsively excite a massive vibrational coherence in a molecular system for simultaneous measurement of all the Raman-active modes. In the first half of this dissertation, FAIRS is further developed and applied to a plethora of signature molecules. Radioactive decay signature molecules, including nitrogen oxides, ozone, and ions are detected via FAIR spectroscopy. Concurrent generation and detection of ozone, ionic, and excited-state molecules through filamentation is reported for the first time. Production of these species through the strong field chemistry of filamentation and their subsequent filament-driven excitation is a mark of sensitivity of FAIRS. Spatial studies of combustion species in a natural gas flame are also presented. FAIRS monitors the Raman signal intensities of known reactants and products as a function of vertical flame position. The appearance of combustion products as a function of flame height is also tracked. Spectral fringes overlapping the Raman-active modes are present in all measurements and enable more sensitive detection of low signal intensity species. The results described illustrate the potential of FAIRS for threat sensing applications. The rotational technique, referred to as spectral-to-temporal amplitude mapping polarization spectroscopy, temporally chirps the spectral content of the white-light continuum generated during filamentation to map the transient rotational rivals that are impulsively excited by a short pump pulse. In the second half of this dissertation, the initial development and testing, followed by the applications of STAMPS are described. STAMPS proves successful in mapping the rotational wavepacket rephasing of simple linear molecules, including nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, as well as the more complicated asymmetric top molecules, ethylene and methanol. The application of STAMPS to the detection of nitrogen oxides and nitrous oxide, which are considered signatures of multiple threat substances and events, is demonstrated. A pressure study of nitrous oxide reveals dephasing effects as a function of time and pressure. These preliminary results also indicate the potential of STAMPS for hazard sensing applications.

Raman Scattering Measurements of Vibrational and Rotational Distributions in Expanding Nitrogen

Author : W. D. Gillespie
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (976 download)

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Book Synopsis Raman Scattering Measurements of Vibrational and Rotational Distributions in Expanding Nitrogen by : W. D. Gillespie

Download or read book Raman Scattering Measurements of Vibrational and Rotational Distributions in Expanding Nitrogen written by W. D. Gillespie and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

TIME-AVERAGED MEASUREMENTS IN TURBULENT FLAMES USING RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY

Author : ROBERT E. SETCHELL
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis TIME-AVERAGED MEASUREMENTS IN TURBULENT FLAMES USING RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY by : ROBERT E. SETCHELL

Download or read book TIME-AVERAGED MEASUREMENTS IN TURBULENT FLAMES USING RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY written by ROBERT E. SETCHELL and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Coherent Raman Spectroscopy for Supersonic Flow Measurements

Author : Gregory C. Herring
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis Coherent Raman Spectroscopy for Supersonic Flow Measurements by : Gregory C. Herring

Download or read book Coherent Raman Spectroscopy for Supersonic Flow Measurements written by Gregory C. Herring and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

An Application of Laser-Raman-spectroscopy to Thermochemical Measurements in an Arc-heated Wind Tunnel Flow

Author : Anthony A. Boiarski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 81 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (761 download)

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Book Synopsis An Application of Laser-Raman-spectroscopy to Thermochemical Measurements in an Arc-heated Wind Tunnel Flow by : Anthony A. Boiarski

Download or read book An Application of Laser-Raman-spectroscopy to Thermochemical Measurements in an Arc-heated Wind Tunnel Flow written by Anthony A. Boiarski and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: