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Role Of The Seat In Rear Crash Safety
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Book Synopsis Role of the Seat in Rear Crash Safety by : David C Viano
Download or read book Role of the Seat in Rear Crash Safety written by David C Viano and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2002-10-25 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Role of the Seat in Rear Crash Safety addresses the historic debate over seatback stiffness, energy absorbing yielding, occupant retention and whiplash prevention; and it provides a scientific foundation for the direction GM pursued in the development and validation of future seat designs. It also describes the multi-year research study into the role of the seat in rear crash safety - first by addressing the need for occupant retention in the more severe rear crashes; and then by addressing the needs for an adequately positioned head restraint and changes in the compliance of the seatback to lower the risks of the whiplash in low-speed crashes.
Book Synopsis Role of the Seat in Rear Crash Safety by :
Download or read book Role of the Seat in Rear Crash Safety written by and published by . This book was released on 19?? with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Crashworthiness by : Jorge A.C. Ambrosio
Download or read book Crashworthiness written by Jorge A.C. Ambrosio and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-04 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the fundamentals of impact mechanics and biomechanics to modern analysis and design techniques in impact energy management and occupant protection this book provides an overview of the application of nonlinear finite elements, conceptual modeling and multibody procedures, impact biomechanics, injury mechanisms, occupant mathematical modeling, and human surrogates in crashworthiness.
Book Synopsis Rear Impact Danger by : Arthur W Hoffmann EngD
Download or read book Rear Impact Danger written by Arthur W Hoffmann EngD and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2020-04-30 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Automotive rear impacts are the most common type of car accident, with 2.5 million occuring each year. Most often, the vehicle property damage is minor with no occupant injury. However, more serious rear-end collisions can result in life-changing events. There are two major injury types caused by rear impact accidents. Whiplash (non-lethal injury) and Seat-Collapse (potential serious or lethal injury). Driver and front passenger seats all too often fail, with the seatback collapsing, ejecting the occupants rearward into the rear seat area with serious consequences. Seat design strength requiements are covered by FMVSS 207 Seat Systems Standard. The auto companies rely on this standard to test their seatsdard. The FMVSS 207 standard for seatback strength is flawed auto compaies use this requirement to allow the seatback to deform during a serious rear-impact, to achive enery-management. The controversy over seatback strength, Rigid verus Yielding, continues today. An occupied front seat that collapses during a rear-impact can entrap rear seat occupants, especially children that are required to sit in the rear row seats. Safety advocates and researchers report that for the period 1990 to 2014 nearly 900 children seated behind a front-seated occupant or in a center rear seat died in rear impacts of 1990 and later model-year cars. Law suites are prevalent and multi-million dollar penalties or settlements resulted and litigation continue today. Rear-end crashes also involve vehicle occupants in other automotive design hazards. Use of Child Restraints (CRS) is essentaial.
Book Synopsis Motor Vehicle Safety by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Motor Vehicle Safety written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sudden Impact. An Occupant Protection Fact Book by :
Download or read book Sudden Impact. An Occupant Protection Fact Book written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Motor Vehicle Safety written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Rear Seat Safety for Children in Frontal Impacts by : Jared Colin Seidel
Download or read book Rear Seat Safety for Children in Frontal Impacts written by Jared Colin Seidel and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pediatric fatality rates from motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) have declined over the last 30 years (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2012). This decrease can be a result of updated traffic safety laws and improved car seat design. These advancements present the opportunity to shift focus towards understanding and improving safety for non-fatal injuries. One study found crashes resulting in clinically significant injury (AIS 2+) to children, the lower extremity (LE) was the most frequently injured body region, resulting in 28% of injuries (Arbogast et al., 2002). Jermakian et al. (2007) found in a review of crash data involving a rear-seated child in a front facing child restraint system (FFCRS) whom experienced lower extremity fracture, 76% of injuries occurred below knee (20/26), where 75% (15/20) of the below knees injuries were a consequence of interaction with the front seat back, regardless of the direction of impact. Research completed by the Injury Biomechanics Research Center at The Ohio State University has worked to develop an instrumented LE for the Hybrid III six-year-old anthropomorphic test device (ATD). This modified LE incorporates 6-axis load cells in each tibia and ROM stops to improve ankle biofidelity. This updated LE design was used to investigate the effect of front seat back (FSB) properties, initial leg position, and rear compartment geometries in eight 30 mph frontal impact tests. The FSB properties were designed to mimic the two extreme conditions: impacting a rigid or soft anterior structure. The rear compartment space was adjusted to represent a front seat forward or closer toward the LE of the ATD. Initial positioning of the LE either initially touching the FSB or relaxed was another variable investigated. Tibia force and moment, femur forces, tibia index, excursion distance, and head injury criterion were all parameters examined. Data suggest that when the LE was initially touching a stiff FSB, values were observed that either approached or exceeded injury thresholds. When the LE was initially touching a foam FSB, no injurious values were observed. In all four tests when the LE was initially relaxed, independent of front seat positon, the LE impacted the lower rigid portion of the front seat resulting in values that either approached or exceeded injury thresholds. The ATD-LE was successfully used in frontal impact tests, but improvements can be made to the ankle biofidelity at high speeds in both dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. These data can be used to update front seat properties to improve LE protection and present the value of utilizing an instrumented HII6YO ATD-LE.
Book Synopsis Child Passenger Safety Resource Manual by : United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Download or read book Child Passenger Safety Resource Manual written by United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Reactive Car Seats and Active Head Restraint System in Rear-end Collision and Safety Mechanisms to Reduce Whiplash Injuries by : Raghuswaroop Kistipadu
Download or read book Effect of Reactive Car Seats and Active Head Restraint System in Rear-end Collision and Safety Mechanisms to Reduce Whiplash Injuries written by Raghuswaroop Kistipadu and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A car seat should be designed in such a way to reduce occupant acceleration in rearward and rebound motion so that minimum neck abrupt motion and neck forces occur. The reactive car seats have become quite popular by automatic reclining mechanism and its ability to reduce injuries in rear impacts. An example is the Whiplash Protection System (WHIPS), which absorbs crash energy by controlled motion of the seat. A car seat without an Active Head Restraint (AHR) system exhibits poor performance in low-speed rear impacts. According to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) test procedures, the Neck injury criteria (Nij) typically exceeds the limiting injury values without an AHR system. The AHR system can recognize rear collision and adjust the head restraint with respect to the motion of occupant's head. The goal of this study is to develop a reactive car seat system, which would reduce the neck motion of an occupant in rear collisions, and to develop a seat with an Active Head Restraint system. In this thesis, the LSDYNA non-linear finite element (FE) solver is utilized to analyze the structural crash response of different cars and obtain the acceleration pulses. The MADYMO biodynamics code is then used to design the car seat interior model, and to examine the occupant neck responses and kinematics of a Hybrid III 50th percentile male dummy model as well as a human model. The results are compared to achieve optimum head restraint position and seatback angle, which reduce neck loads and bending moments. The reactive car seat systems and the Active head restraint systems are further examined to identify the optimum seat design to reduce neck injuries. The results from this study show that a seat with reclining properties and most suitable position of seatback and head restraint, considerably reduces the neck extension motion of an occupant in the car. The results also demonstrate that, whiplash injuries with an AHR system are much less expected, when compared to the seat system with a normal head restraint.
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of Head Restraints - Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 202 by : Charles Jesse Kahane
Download or read book An Evaluation of Head Restraints - Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 202 written by Charles Jesse Kahane and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seat System Comfort and Safety written by and published by SAE International. This book was released on 1993 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Vehicle Crash Mechanics by : Matthew Huang
Download or read book Vehicle Crash Mechanics written by Matthew Huang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-06-19 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Governed by strict regulations and the intricate balance of complex interactions among variables, the application of mechanics to vehicle crashworthiness is not a simple task. It demands a solid understanding of the fundamentals, careful analysis, and practical knowledge of the tools and techniques of that analysis. Vehicle Crash Mechanics s
Book Synopsis Air Bags & On-off Switches: Information for an Informed Decision by :
Download or read book Air Bags & On-off Switches: Information for an Informed Decision written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses when using air bags is unsafe and specific steps to take to reduce the risk. Describes on-off switches and who should consider installing them.
Download or read book Auto & Traffic Safety written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effectiveness of Rear-seat Lap-belts in Crash Injury Reduction by : Bob J. Campbell
Download or read book The Effectiveness of Rear-seat Lap-belts in Crash Injury Reduction written by Bob J. Campbell and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Impact Biomechanics by : Society of Automotive Engineers
Download or read book Impact Biomechanics written by Society of Automotive Engineers and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2002 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thirteen papers from the biomechanics technical sessions of the 2002 SAE congress use laboratory experiments, computer models, and field data to evaluate the human body's kinematics, kinetics, and injury potential in response to impact loads caused by automobile accidents. Topics include finite elem
