Rethinking Ancient Woodland

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Rethinking Ancient Woodland

Author : Gerry Barnes
Publisher : Univ of Hertfordshire Press
ISBN 13 : 1909291609
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Rethinking Ancient Woodland by : Gerry Barnes

Download or read book Rethinking Ancient Woodland written by Gerry Barnes and published by Univ of Hertfordshire Press. This book was released on 2015-10-01 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Ancient woodland' is a term widely used in England for long-established semi-natural woods, shaped by centuries of traditional management. Such woods are often assumed to provide a direct link with the natural vegetation of England, as this existed before the virgin forests were fragmented by the arrival of farming. This groundbreaking study questions many of these assumptions. Drawing on more than a decade of research in Norfolk, the authors emphasize the essentially unnatural character of ancient woods.

Ancient Woods, Trees and Forests

Author : Alper H. Çolak
Publisher : Pelagic Publishing Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1784272663
Total Pages : 710 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (842 download)

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Book Synopsis Ancient Woods, Trees and Forests by : Alper H. Çolak

Download or read book Ancient Woods, Trees and Forests written by Alper H. Çolak and published by Pelagic Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2023-03-14 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From antiquity until today, trees and woods have inspired artists, writers and scientists; they have shaped cultures and reverberated through belief systems. Yet worldwide forest cover has declined dramatically over the last 1,000 years. Now, primeval forests are only to be found at a few sites unreachable by humans, and even then they are affected by climate change, atmospheric pollution and species extinctions. Nonetheless, ancient woods, trees and forests are at the core of many global landscapes. Understanding the vital resources that they provide requires genuinely multidisciplinary research. With contributions from major authorities in the field such as Oliver Rackham, Frans Vera, Elisabeth Johann, George Peterken and Melvyn Jones among others, this timely volume reflects on the importance of our oldest trees from a range of perspectives and varied geographical locations. Individual chapters consider eco-cultural heritage, the archaeology of trees, landscape history, forest rights, tree management, saproxylic insects, the importance of deadwood, practical conservation and monitoring, biodiversity, wood-pasture and more. Fresh insights are provided from across Europe as far as Turkey. Given the urgent need to understand, conserve and restore ancient woodlands and trees, this book will do much raise awareness, foster enthusiasm and inspire wonder.

A History of Groves

Author : Jan Woudstra
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317200160
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of Groves by : Jan Woudstra

Download or read book A History of Groves written by Jan Woudstra and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-08-24 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The grove, a grouping of trees, intentionally cultivated or found growing wild, has a long diverse history entwined with human settlement, rural practices and the culture and politics of cities. A grove can be a memorial, a place of learning, a site of poetic retreat and philosophy or political encampment, a public park or theatre, a place of hidden pleasures, a symbol of a vanished forest ecology, or a place of gods or other spirits. Yet groves are largely absent from our contemporary vocabulary and rarely included in today’s landscape practice, whether urban or rural. Groves are both literal and metaphorical manifestations, ways of defining spaces and ecologies in our cultural life. Since they can add meaning to urban forms and ecologies and contribute meaningfully to the significance of place, critical examination is long overdue. The editors have taken care to ensure that the text is accessible to the general reader as well as specialists.

Woodland Survey Handbook

Author : Keith Kirby
Publisher : Pelagic Publishing Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1784271853
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (842 download)

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Book Synopsis Woodland Survey Handbook by : Keith Kirby

Download or read book Woodland Survey Handbook written by Keith Kirby and published by Pelagic Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2019-05-02 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do you record the wildlife in a wood? This book explains ways to record the flora and fauna found in woodland and outlines the sources you can use to find out more about the history and management of an area. Whether you have just a few hours, or a few years, there are examples that you can follow to find out more about this important habitat. Woods include some of the richest terrestrial wildlife sites in Britain, but some are under threat and many are neglected, such that they are not as rich as they might be. If we are to protect them or increase their diversity we need first to know what species they contain, how they have come to be as they are, to understand how they fit into the wider landscape. Conservation surveys are the bedrock on which subsequent protection and management action is based. There is not one method that will be right for all situations and needs, so the methods discussed range from what one can find out online, to what can be seen on a general walk round a wood, to the insights that can come from more detailed survey and monitoring approaches. Fast-evolving techniques such as eDNA surveys and the use of LiDAR are touched on.

Woodland Flowers

Author : Keith Kirby
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472949099
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (729 download)

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Book Synopsis Woodland Flowers by : Keith Kirby

Download or read book Woodland Flowers written by Keith Kirby and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-08-06 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Observing the plants of the forest floor – the flowers, ferns, sedges and grasses – can be a vital way of understanding our relationship with British woodland. They tell us stories about its history and past management, and can be a visible sign of progress when we get conservation right. For centuries, woodland plants have also been part of our lives in practical ways as food and medicines, and they have influenced our culture through poetry, perfume and pub signs. In this insightful and original account, Keith Kirby explores how woodland plants in Great Britain have come to be where they are, coped with living in the shade of their bigger relatives, and responded to threats in the form of storms, fires, floods, the attentions of grazing herbivores and the effects of the changing seasons. Along the way, the reader is introduced to the work of important botanists who have walked the woods in the past, collecting information on where plants occur and why. In-depth profiles of some of our most important and popular ground flora species provide extra detail and insight. Beautifully illustrated, Woodland Flowers is a must for anyone who appreciates and wants to learn more about British woodland and its plants.

Rethinking Darkness

Author : Nick Dunn
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429535309
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis Rethinking Darkness by : Nick Dunn

Download or read book Rethinking Darkness written by Nick Dunn and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-10-28 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the concept of darkness through a range of cultures, histories, practices and experiences. It engages with darkness beyond its binary positioning against light to advance a critical understanding of the ways in which darkness can be experienced, practised and conceptualised. Humans have fundamental relationships with light and dark that shape their regular social patterns and rhythms, enabling them to make sense of the world. This book ‘throws light’ on the neglect of these social patterns to emphasize how the diverse values, meanings and influences of darkness have been rarely considered. It also examines the history of our relationship with the dark and highlights how normative attitudes towards it have emerged, while also emphasising its cultural complexity by considering a contemporary range of alternative experiences and practices. Challenging notions of darkness as negative, as the antithesis of illumination and enlightenment, this book explores the rich potential of darkness to stimulate our senses and deepen our understandings of different spaces, cultural experiences and creative engagements. Offering a rich exploration of an emergent field of study across the social sciences and humanities, this book will be useful for academics and students of cultural and media studies, design, geography, history, sociology and theatre who seek to investigate the creative, cultural and social dimensions of darkness.

Historical Ecology

Author : Guillaume Decocq
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1394169752
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (941 download)

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Book Synopsis Historical Ecology by : Guillaume Decocq

Download or read book Historical Ecology written by Guillaume Decocq and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-09-08 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses present-day landscapes, ecosystem functioning and biodiversity as legacies of the past. It implements an interdisciplinary approach to understand how natural or human-impacted ecological systems have changed over time. Historical Ecology combines theory, methods, regional case studies and syntheses to provide a complete up-to-date overview of historical ecology. Beginning with the crucial role of time and inference from observed patterns, the book critically reviews the main methodological approaches, including monitoring of permanent plots, analysis of old maps, repeat photography, remote sensing, soil analysis, charcoal analysis, botanical indicators, and combinations of these methods applied to forest ecosystems. A series of case studies from various biomes shows how historical ecology can help in understanding today’s socio-ecosystems, such as mainland and island forests, orchards, tundra and coastal dunes. The book concludes by showing how historical ecology can answer timely fundamental research questions and provide science-based evidence for landscape and ecosystem management.

The Human Dimensions of Forest and Tree Health

Author : Julie Urquhart
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319769561
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis The Human Dimensions of Forest and Tree Health by : Julie Urquhart

Download or read book The Human Dimensions of Forest and Tree Health written by Julie Urquhart and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-24 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the specifically human dimensions of the problem posed by a new generation of invasive pests and pathogens to tree health worldwide. The growth in global trade and transportation in recent decades, along with climate change, is allowing invasive pests and pathogens to establish in new environments, with profound consequences for the ecosystem services provided by trees and forests, and impacts on human wellbeing. The central theme of the book is to consider the role that social science can play in better understanding the social, economic and environmental impacts of such tree disease and pest outbreaks. Contributions include explorations of how pest outbreaks are socially constructed, drawing on the historical, cultural, social and situated contexts of outbreaks; the governance and economics of tree health for informing policy and decision-making; stakeholder engagement and communication tools; along with more philosophical approaches that draw on environmental ethics to consider ‘non-human’ perspectives. Taken together the book makes theoretical, methodological and applied contributions to our understanding of this important subject area and encourages researchers from across the social sciences and humanities to bring their own disciplinary perspectives and expertise to address the complexity that is the human dimensions of forest and tree health. Chapters 5 and 11 are open access under a CC BY 4.0 license via link.springer.com.

Trees in England

Author : Gerry Barnes
Publisher : Univ of Hertfordshire Press
ISBN 13 : 1912260018
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Trees in England by : Gerry Barnes

Download or read book Trees in England written by Gerry Barnes and published by Univ of Hertfordshire Press. This book was released on 2017-11-01 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is currently much concern about our trees and woodlands. The terrible toll taken by Dutch elm disease has been followed by a string of further epidemics, most worryingly ash chalara – and there are more threats on the horizon. There is also a widely shared belief that our woods have been steadily disappearing over recent decades, either replanted with alien conifers or destroyed entirely in order to make way for farmland or development. But the present state of our trees needs to be examined critically, and from a historical as much as from a scientific perspective. For English tree populations have long been highly unnatural in character, shaped by economic and social as much as by environmental factors. In reality, the recent history of trees and woods in England is more complex and less negative than we often assume and any narrative of decline and loss is overly simplistic. The numbers of trees and the extent and character of woodland have been in a state of flux for centuries. Research leaves no doubt, moreover, that arboreal ill health is nothing new. Levels of disease are certainly increasing but this is as much a consequence of changes in the way we treat trees – especially the decline in intensive management which has occurred over the last century and a half – as it is of the arrival of new diseases. And man, not nature, has shaped the essential character of rural tree populations, ensuring their dominance by just a few indigenous species and thus rendering them peculiarly vulnerable to invasive pests and diseases. The messages from history are clear: we can and should plant our landscape with a wider palette, providing greater resilience in the face of future pathogens; and the most 'unnatural' and rigorously managed tree populations are also the healthiest. The results of an ambitious research project are here shaped into a richly detailed survey of English arboriculture over the last four centuries. Trees in England will be essential reading not only for landscape historians but also for natural scientists, foresters and all those interested in the future of the countryside. Only by understanding the essentially human history of our trees and woods can we hope to protect and enhance them.

Managing for Posterity

Author : Elizabeth Griffiths
Publisher : Univ of Hertfordshire Press
ISBN 13 : 1912260549
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Managing for Posterity by : Elizabeth Griffiths

Download or read book Managing for Posterity written by Elizabeth Griffiths and published by Univ of Hertfordshire Press. This book was released on 2022-04-04 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Securing the long-term survival and status of the family has always been the principal concern of the English aristocracy and gentry. Central to that ambition has been the successful management of their landed estates, whilst failure in this regard could spell ruination for an entire family. In the sixteenth century, the task became more difficult as price inflation reduced the value of rents; improved management skills were called for. In Norfolk, estates began to change hands rapidly as the unaware or simply incompetent failed to grasp the issues, while the more astute and enterprising landowners capitalised on their neighbours' misfortunes.When Sir Hamon Le Strange inherited his family's ancient estate at Hunstanton in 1604 it was much depleted and heavily encumbered. The outlook was bleak: such circumstances often led to the disappearance of families as landowners. However, within a generation, he and his remarkable wife Alice had modernised the estate and secured the family's future. After 700 years, the Le Stranges still survive and prosper on their estate at Hunstanton, making them the longest surviving gentry family in Norfolk. The first part of this book presents new research into the secret of their rare success. A key aspect of their strategy was a belief in the power (and economic value) of knowledge: Hamon and Alice wanted to ensure that their improvements would endure for posterity. To this end, they curated their knowledge through meticulous record-keeping and carefully handed it down to their successors. This behaviour, instilled in the family, not only facilitated on-going reforms, but helped future generations overcome the inevitable reversals and challenges they also faced.The second part of the book collects together four related papers from Elizabeth Griffiths' research about the Le Stranges, Hobarts and Wyndhams, republished from the Agricultural History Review and edited from two Norfolk Record Society volumes. For anyone interested in early modern rural society and agriculture and the history of Norfolk gentry estates, this volume will be essential reading, offering as it does new perspectives on the history of estate management, notably the role of women, the relationship with local communities and sustainability in agriculture.

Custom and Commercialisation in English Rural Society

Author : J. Bowen
Publisher : Univ of Hertfordshire Press
ISBN 13 : 1909291633
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Custom and Commercialisation in English Rural Society by : J. Bowen

Download or read book Custom and Commercialisation in English Rural Society written by J. Bowen and published by Univ of Hertfordshire Press. This book was released on 2016-03-01 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: English rural society underwent fundamental changes between the thirteenth and eighteenth centuries with urbanization, commercialization and industrialization producing new challenges and opportunities for inhabitants of rural communities. However, our understanding of this period has been shaped by the compartmentalization of history into medieval and early-modern specialisms and by the debates surrounding the transition from feudalism to capitalism and landlord-tenant relations. Inspired by the classic works of Tawney and Postan, this collection of essays examines their relevance to historians today, distinguishing between their contrasting approaches to the pre-industrial economy and exploring the development of agriculture and rural industry; changes in land and property rights; and competition over resources in the English countryside.

Landscapes of the Norman Conquest

Author : Trevor Rowley
Publisher : Pen and Sword Archaeology
ISBN 13 : 1526724316
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (267 download)

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Book Synopsis Landscapes of the Norman Conquest by : Trevor Rowley

Download or read book Landscapes of the Norman Conquest written by Trevor Rowley and published by Pen and Sword Archaeology. This book was released on 2022-11-04 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a long time, the Norman Conquest has been viewed as a turning point in English history; an event which transformed English identity, sovereignty, kingship, and culture. The years between 1066 and 1086 saw the largest transfer of property ever seen in English History, comparable in scale, if not greater, than the revolutions in France in 1789 and Russia in 1917. This transfer and the means to achieve it had a profound effect upon the English and Welsh landscape, an impact that is clearly visible almost 1,000 years afterwards. Although there have been numerous books examining different aspects of the British landscape, this is the first to look specifically at the way in which the Normans shaped our towns and countryside. The castles, abbeys, churches and cathedrals built in the new Norman Romanesque style after 1066 represent the most obvious legacy of what was effectively a colonial take-over of England. Such phenomena furnished a broader landscape that was fashioned to intimidate and demonstrate the Norman dominance of towns and villages. The devastation that followed the Conquest, characterised by the ‘Harrying of the North’, had a long-term impact in the form of new planned settlements and agriculture. The imposition of Forest Laws, restricting hunting to the Norman king and the establishment of a military landscape in areas such as the Welsh Marches, had a similar impact on the countryside.

A Life in Norfolk's Archaeology: 1950-2016

Author : Peter Wade-Martins
Publisher : Archaeopress Publishing Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1784916587
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (849 download)

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Book Synopsis A Life in Norfolk's Archaeology: 1950-2016 by : Peter Wade-Martins

Download or read book A Life in Norfolk's Archaeology: 1950-2016 written by Peter Wade-Martins and published by Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2017-11-03 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A personal history of Peter Wade-Martins archaeological endeavour in Norfolk set within a national context. It covers the writer’s early experiences as a volunteer, the rise of field archaeology as a profession and efforts to conserve archaeological heritage.

Bricks of Victorian London

Author : Peter Hounsell
Publisher : Univ of Hertfordshire Press
ISBN 13 : 1912260638
Total Pages : 489 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Bricks of Victorian London by : Peter Hounsell

Download or read book Bricks of Victorian London written by Peter Hounsell and published by Univ of Hertfordshire Press. This book was released on 2022-11-01 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of London's Victorian buildings are built of coarse-textured yellow bricks. These are 'London stocks', produced in very large quantities all through the nineteenth century and notable for their ability to withstand the airborne pollutants of the Victorian city. Whether visible or, as is sometimes the case, hidden behind stonework or underground, they form a major part of the fabric of the capital. Until now, little has been written about how and where they were made and the people who made them. Peter Hounsell has written a detailed history of the industry which supplied these bricks to the London market, offering a fresh perspective on the social and economic history of the city. In it he reveals the workings of a complex network of finance and labour. From landowners who saw an opportunity to profit from the clay on their land, to entrepreneurs who sought to build a business as brick manufacturers, to those who actually made the bricks, the book considers the process in detail, placing it in the context of the supply-and-demand factors that affected the numbers of bricks produced and the costs involved in equipping and running a brickworks. Transport from the brickfields to the market was crucial and Dr Hounsell conducts a full survey of the different routes by which bricks were delivered to building sites - by road, by Thames barge or canal boat, and in the second half of the century by the new railways. The companies that made the bricks employed many thousands of men, women and children and their working lives, homes and culture are looked at here, as well as the journey towards better working conditions and wages. The decline of the handmade yellow stock was eventually brought about by the arrival of the machine-made Fletton brick that competed directly with it on price. Brickmaking in the vicinity of London finally disappeared after the Second World War. Although its demise has left little evidence in the landscape, this industry influenced the developme

World of the Small Farmer

Author : Patricia Croot
Publisher : Univ of Hertfordshire Press
ISBN 13 : 1909291919
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis World of the Small Farmer by : Patricia Croot

Download or read book World of the Small Farmer written by Patricia Croot and published by Univ of Hertfordshire Press. This book was released on 2017-06-01 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed and original study of early-modern agrarian society in the Somerset Levels examines the small landholders in a group of sixteen contiguous parishes in the area known as Brent Marsh. These were farmers with lifehold tenures and a mixed agricultural production whose activities and outlook are shown to be very different from that of the small 'peasant' farmers of so many general histories. Patricia Croot challenges the idea that small farmers failed to contribute to the productivity and commercialization of the early-modern economy. While the emergence of large capitalist farms was an important development, these added to the production of existing small cultivators, rather than replacing them. The idea that only large-scale, specialized farmers were involved in agricultural progress, or that their contribution alone was enough to account for the great increase in food production by the late 17th century is questioned; small farmers continued to make a living, contributed to the market, and survived alongside the new, bigger farms. Croot's in-depth study not only adds to our knowledge of agrarian society generally, but shows that far from being backward and interested primarily in subsistence farming, small producers in this area sought profit in making the best use of their resources, however limited, being flexible in their production and growing new or unusual crops. The main land tenures, copy and lease for lives, are also covered in detail, contributing to current debates on landholding and sub-tenancy. The author shows the uses to which lifehold tenures could be put, resulting in the increasing financial strength of copyholders and their dominance in local society. The effects of the tenure and profits of farming can be seen in the way that families were provided for, as well as in the roles that women played and the responsibility they had in economic and social life, while the wider interests of the inhabitants are shown in their religious and political engagement in events of the 17th century. Patricia Croot's meticulous study is a valuable contribution to English agrarian history, and in particular to the history of this under-researched region.

Lichfield and the Lands of St Chad

Author : Andrew Sargent
Publisher : Univ of Hertfordshire Press
ISBN 13 : 1912260379
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Lichfield and the Lands of St Chad by : Andrew Sargent

Download or read book Lichfield and the Lands of St Chad written by Andrew Sargent and published by Univ of Hertfordshire Press. This book was released on 2020-07-27 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the period from the seventh to eleventh centuries that witnessed the rise and fall of Mercia, the great Midland kingdom, and, later, the formation of England. Specifically, it explores the relationship between the bishops of Lichfield and the multiple communities of their diocese. Andrew Sargent tackles the challenge posed by the evidential 'hole' at the heart of Mercia by synthesising different kinds of evidence - archaeological, textual, topographical and toponymical - to reconstruct the landscapes inhabited by these communities, which intersected at cathedrals and minsters and other less formal meeting-places. Most such communities were engaged in the construction of hierarchies, and Sargent assigns spiritual lordship a dominant role in this. Tracing the interconnections of these communities, he focuses on the development of the Church of Lichfield, an extensive episcopal community situated within a dynamic mesh of institutions and groups within and beyond the diocese, from the royal court to the smallest township. The regional elite combined spiritual and secular forms of lordship to advance and entrench their mutual interests, and the entanglement of royal and episcopal governance is one of the key focuses of Andrew Sargent's outstanding new research. How the bishops shaped and promoted spiritual discourse to establish their own authority within society is key. This is traced through the meagre textual sources, which hint at the bishops' involvement in the wider flow of ecclesiastical politics in Britain, and through the archaeological and landscape evidence for churches and minsters held not only by bishops, but also by kings and aristocrats within the diocese. Saints' cults offer a particularly effective medium through which to study these developments: St Chad, the Mercian bishop who established the see at Lichfield, became an influential spiritual patron for subsequent bishops of the diocese, but other lesser known saints also focused c

The Forest and the City

Author : Cecil C. Konijnendijk
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402083718
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis The Forest and the City by : Cecil C. Konijnendijk

Download or read book The Forest and the City written by Cecil C. Konijnendijk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-05-20 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amsterdamse Bos, Bois de Boulogne, Epping Forest, Grunewald, Zoniënwoud; throughout history, cities in Europe and elsewhere have developed close relationships with nearby woodland areas. In some cases, cities have even developed – and in some cases are promoting – a distinct ‘forest identity’. This book introduces the rich heritage of these city forests as cultural landscapes, and shows that cities and forests can be mutually beneficial. Essential reading for students and researchers interested in urban sustainability and urban forestry, this book also has much wider appeal. For with city forests playing an increasingly important role in local government sustainability programs, it provides an important reference for those involved in urban planning and decision making, public affairs and administration, and even public health. From providers of livelihoods to healthy recreational environments, and from places of inspiration and learning to a source of conflict, the book presents examples of city forests from around the world. These cases clearly illustrate how the social and cultural development of towns and forests has often gone hand in hand. They also reveal how better understanding of city forests as distinct cultural and social phenomena can help to strengthen synergies both between cities and forests, and between urban society and nature.