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Response Times In Decision Making Tasks
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Book Synopsis Response Times in Decision-making Tasks by : Everett F. Dagle
Download or read book Response Times in Decision-making Tasks written by Everett F. Dagle and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The extent to which the output in semiautomated systems that utilize human operators is quantitatively and qualitatively accurate is an obvious function of system performance. When assigned to a logical function in a system, the human operator quite often affects total performance; however, little is known about his sources of error, particularly when his response time is concerned. The study presents experimental evidence which supports the hypotheses that human operators differ widely in the time they require to make decisions and it also provides data that show the degree of consistency or reliability of time measures taken at different times. By using data gathered in the manner outlined in this study, human operators could be matched to command or control systems according to the degree of speed and accuracy required by the particular system. Greater overall efficiency and a maximum output for any given system would be the result.
Book Synopsis Interval Timing and Time-Based Decision Making by : Warren H. Meck
Download or read book Interval Timing and Time-Based Decision Making written by Warren H. Meck and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2012-05-01 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The perception of time is crucial for everyday activities from the sleep–wake cycle to playing and appreciating music, verbal communication, to the determination of the value of a particular behavior. With regard to the last point, making decisions is heavily influenced by the duration of the various options, the duration of the expected delays for receiving the options, and the time constraints for making a choice. Recent advances suggest that the brain represents time in a distributed manner and reflects time as a result of temporal changes in network states and/or by the coincidence detection of the phase of different neural populations. Moreover, intrinsic oscillatory properties of neural circuits could determine timed motor responses. This Research Topic, partly an emergence of a Satellite EBBS meeting sponsored by the COST-Action TIMELY, will discuss how time in the physical world is reconstructed, distorted and modified in brain networks by emotion, learning and neuropathology. This Research Topic on Timing contains up-to-date reviews regarding the relationship between time and decision-making with respect to the underlying psychological and physiological mechanisms responsible for anticipation and evaluation processes.
Book Synopsis Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Set by : John T. Wixted
Download or read book Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Set written by John T. Wixted and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2018-04-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first edition was published in 1951, The Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology has been recognized as the standard reference in the field. The most recent (3rd) edition of the handbook was published in 2004, and it was a success by any measure. But the field of experimental psychology has changed in dramatic ways since then. Throughout the first 3 editions of the handbook, the changes in the field were mainly quantitative in nature. That is, the size and scope of the field grew steadily from 1951 to 2004, a trend that was reflected in the growing size of the handbook itself: the 1-volume first edition (1951) was succeeded by a 2-volume second edition (1988) and then by a 4-volume third edition (2004). Since 2004, however, this still-growing field has also changed qualitatively in the sense that, in virtually every subdomain of experimental psychology, theories of the mind have evolved into theories of the brain. Research methods in experimental psychology have changed accordingly and now include not only venerable EEG recordings (long a staple of research in psycholinguistics) but also MEG, fMRI, TMS, and single-unit recording. The trend towards neuroscience is an absolutely dramatic, worldwide phenomenon that is unlikely to ever be reversed. Thus, the era of purely behavioral experimental psychology is already long gone, even though not everyone has noticed. Experimental psychology and "cognitive neuroscience" (an umbrella term that includes behavioral neuroscience, social neuroscience and developmental neuroscience) are now inextricably intertwined. Nearly every major psychology department in the country has added cognitive neuroscientists to its ranks in recent years, and that trend is still growing. A viable handbook of experimental psychology should reflect the new reality on the ground. There is no handbook in existence today that combines basic experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience, this despite the fact that the two fields are interrelated – and even interdependent – because they are concerned with the same issues (e.g., memory, perception, language, development, etc.). Almost all neuroscience-oriented research takes as its starting point what has been learned using behavioral methods in experimental psychology. In addition, nowadays, psychological theories increasingly take into account what has been learned about the brain (e.g., psychological models increasingly need to be neurologically plausible). These considerations explain why this edition of: The Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology is now called The Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience. The title serves as a reminder that the two fields go together and as an announcement that the Stevens' Handbook covers it all. The 4th edition of the Stevens’ Handbook is a 5-volume set structured as follows: I. Learning & Memory: Elizabeth Phelps & Lila Davachi (Volume Editors) Topics include fear learning; time perception; working memory; visual object recognition; memory and future imagining; sleep and memory; emotion and memory; attention and memory; motivation and memory; inhibition in memory; education and memory; aging and memory; autobiographical memory; eyewitness memory; and category learning. II. Sensation, Perception & Attention: John Serences (Volume Editor) Topics include attention; vision; color vision; visual search; depth perception; taste; touch; olfaction; motor control; perceptual learning; audition; music perception; multisensory integration; vestibular, proprioceptive, and haptic contributions to spatial orientation; motion perception; perceptual rhythms; the interface theory of perception; perceptual organization; perception and interactive technology; perception for action. III. Language & Thought: Sharon Thompson-Schill (Volume Editor) Topics include reading; discourse and dialogue; speech production; sentence processing; bilingualism; concepts and categorization; culture and cognition; embodied cognition; creativity; reasoning; speech perception; spatial cognition; word processing; semantic memory; moral reasoning. IV. Developmental & Social Psychology: Simona Ghetti (Volume Editor) Topics include development of visual attention; self-evaluation; moral development; emotion-cognition interactions; person perception; memory; implicit social cognition; motivation group processes; development of scientific thinking; language acquisition; category and conceptual development; development of mathematical reasoning; emotion regulation; emotional development; development of theory of mind; attitudes; executive function. V. Methodology: E. J. Wagenmakers (Volume Editor) Topics include hypothesis testing and statistical inference; model comparison in psychology; mathematical modeling in cognition and cognitive neuroscience; methods and models in categorization; serial versus parallel processing; theories for discriminating signal from noise; Bayesian cognitive modeling; response time modeling; neural networks and neurocomputational modeling; methods in psychophysics analyzing neural time series data; convergent methods of memory research; models and methods for reinforcement learning; cultural consensus theory; network models for clinical psychology; the stop-signal paradigm; fmri; neural recordings; open science.
Book Synopsis Dynamics of decision making: from evidence to preference and belief by : Erica Yu
Download or read book Dynamics of decision making: from evidence to preference and belief written by Erica Yu and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-10-24 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the core of the many debates throughout cognitive science concerning how decisions are made are the processes governing the time course of preference formation and decision. From perceptual choices, such as whether the signal on a radar screen indicates an enemy missile or a spot on a CT scan indicates a tumor, to cognitive value-based decisions, such as selecting an agreeable flatmate or deciding the guilt of a defendant, significant and everyday decisions are dynamic over time. Phenomena such as decoy effects, preference reversals and order effects are still puzzling researchers. For example, in a legal context, jurors receive discrete pieces of evidence in sequence, and must integrate these pieces together to reach a singular verdict. From a standard Bayesian viewpoint the order in which people receive the evidence should not influence their final decision, and yet order effects seem a robust empirical phenomena in many decision contexts. Current research on how decisions unfold, especially in a dynamic environment, is advancing our theoretical understanding of decision making. This Research Topic aims to review and further explore the time course of a decision - from how prior beliefs are formed to how those beliefs are used and updated over time, towards the formation of preferences and choices and post-decision processes and effects. Research literatures encompassing varied approaches to the time-scale of decisions will be brought into scope: a) Speeded decisions (and post-decision processes) that require the accumulation of noisy and possibly non-stationary perceptual evidence (e.g., randomly moving dots stimuli), within a few seconds, with or without temporal uncertainty. b) Temporally-extended, value-based decisions that integrate feedback values (e.g., gambling machines) and internally-generated decision criteria (e.g., when one switches attention, selectively, between the various aspects of several choice alternatives). c) Temporally extended, belief-based decisions that build on the integration of evidence, which interacts with the decision maker's belief system, towards the updating of the beliefs and the formation of judgments and preferences (as in the legal context). Research that emphasizes theoretical concerns (including optimality analysis) and mechanisms underlying the decision process, both neural and cognitive, is presented, as well as research that combines experimental and computational levels of analysis.
Book Synopsis Foundations of Augmented Cognition by : Dylan D. Schmorrow
Download or read book Foundations of Augmented Cognition written by Dylan D. Schmorrow and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-11-01 with total page 1304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together a comprehensive and diverse collection of research, theory, and thought, this volume builds a foundation for the new field of Augmented Cognition research and development. The first section introduces general Augmented Cognition methods and techniques, including physiological and neurophysiological measures such as EEG and fNIR; a
Book Synopsis Sport and the Brain: The Science of Preparing, Enduring and Winning, Part B by :
Download or read book Sport and the Brain: The Science of Preparing, Enduring and Winning, Part B written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-10-11 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sport and the Brain: The Science of Preparing, Enduring and Winning, Part B, Volume 233 reflects recent advancements in the understanding of how elite athletes prepare for, and perform at, peak levels under the demands of competition. Topics discussed in this new release include a section on Exploring the Applicability of the Contextual Interference Effect in Sports Practice, The Resonant System: Linking Brain-body-environment in Sport Performance, the Effects of Acute High-intensity Exercise on Cognitive Performance in Trained Individuals: A Systematic Review, Moving Concussion Care to the Next Level: The Emergence and Role of Concussion Clinics in the UK, and Neurocognitive Mechanisms of the Flow State. This longstanding series takes a multidisciplinary approach, focusing on aspects of psychology, neuroscience, skill learning, talent development and physiology. Takes a multidisciplinary approach, focusing on aspects of psychology, neuroscience, skill learning, talent development and physiology Focuses on sports and the brain Contains expertise and an international focus of contributors Adopts the novel approach of having a target article with critical commentaries on the lessons learned from British multiple gold medalists at Olympic and World Championships
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Computational and Mathematical Psychology by : Jerome R. Busemeyer
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Computational and Mathematical Psychology written by Jerome R. Busemeyer and published by Oxford Library of Psychology. This book was released on 2015 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Oxford Handbook offers a comprehensive and authoritative review of important developments in computational and mathematical psychology. With chapters written by leading scientists across a variety of subdisciplines, it examines the field's influence on related research areas such as cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, clinical psychology, and neuroscience. TheHandbook emphasizes examples and applications of the latest research, and will appeal to readers possessing various levels of modeling experience. The Oxford Handbook of Computational and mathematical Psychology covers the key developments in elementary cognitive mechanisms (signal detection, information processing, reinforcement learning), basic cognitive skills (perceptual judgment, categorization, episodic memory), higher-level cognition (Bayesian cognition, decision making, semantic memory, shape perception), modeling tools (Bayesian estimation and other new model comparison methods), and emerging new directions in computation and mathematical psychology (neurocognitive modeling, applications to clinical psychology, quantum cognition). The Handbook would make an ideal graduate-level textbook for courses in computational and mathematical psychology. Readers ranging from advanced undergraduates to experienced faculty members and researchers in virtually any area of psychology--including cognitive science and related social and behavioral sciences such as consumer behavior and communication--will find the text useful.
Book Synopsis Real-World Applications in Cognitive Neuroscience by :
Download or read book Real-World Applications in Cognitive Neuroscience written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-08-06 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Real-World Applications in Cognitive Neuroscience Volume 253, the latest release in the Progress in Brain Research series, highlights new advances in the field, with this volume presenting interesting chapters on Perception and Decision Making at Sea, The Sleep-Wake Regulation in Cognition: Applications in the Real World, Decision making and the menstrual cycle in elite athletes, Decision Making under pressure in elite football, Economics and the Brain, Predictive coding: Neuroscience and art, The brain and music, Application in behavioral change, Applications of Cognitive Neuroscience to understanding Aphantasia, Applications in Inhibitory control, Applications in Vision; helping patients find their (golf) balls again, and much more. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Progress in Brain Research series Updated release includes the latest information on cognitive neuroscience
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neuroscience of Decision Making by : Oshin Vartanian
Download or read book Neuroscience of Decision Making written by Oshin Vartanian and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2011-04-14 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intersection between the fields of behavioral decision research and neuroscience has proved to be fertile ground for interdisciplinary research. Whereas the former is rich in formalized models of choice, the latter is rife with techniques for testing behavioral models at the brain level. As a result, there has been the rapid emergence of progressively more sophisticated biological models of choice, geared toward the development of ever more complete mechanistic models of behavior. This volume provides a coherent framework for distilling some of the key themes that have emerged as a function of this research program, and highlights what we have learned about judgment and decision making as a result. Although topics that are theoretically relevant to judgment and decision making researchers are addressed, the book also ventures somewhat beyond the traditional boundaries of this area to tackle themes that would of interest to a greater community of scholars. Neuroscience of Decision Making provides contemporary and essential reading for researchers and students of cognitive psychology, neuroscience, philosophy, and economics.
Book Synopsis Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Methodology by :
Download or read book Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Methodology written by and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-03-13 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: V. Methodology: E. J. Wagenmakers (Volume Editor) Topics covered include methods and models in categorization; cultural consensus theory; network models for clinical psychology; response time modeling; analyzing neural time series data; models and methods for reinforcement learning; convergent methods of memory research; theories for discriminating signal from noise; bayesian cognitive modeling; mathematical modeling in cognition and cognitive neuroscience; the stop-signal paradigm; hypothesis testing and statistical inference; model comparison in psychology; fmri; neural recordings; open science; neural networks and neurocomputational modeling; serial versus parallel processing; methods in psychophysics.
Download or read book Research in Education written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 1224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Resources in Education written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 1750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technical Abstract Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling Individual Differences in Perceptual Decision Making by : Joseph W. Houpt
Download or read book Modeling Individual Differences in Perceptual Decision Making written by Joseph W. Houpt and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-01-18 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To deal with the abundant amount of information in the environment in order to achieve our goals, human beings adopt a strategy to accumulate some information and filter out other information to ultimately make decisions. Since the development of cognitive science in the 1960s, researchers have been interested in understanding how human beings process and accumulate information for decision-making. Researchers have conducted extensive behavioral studies and applied a wide range of modeling tools to study human behavior in simple-detection tasks and two-choice decision tasks (e.g., discrimination, classification). In general, researchers often assume that the manner in which information is processed for decision-making is invariant across individuals given a particular experimental context. Independent variables, including speed-accuracy instructions, stimulus properties (i.e., intensity), and characteristics of the participants (i.e., aging, cognitive ability) are assumed to affect the parameters in a model (i.e., speed of information accumulation, response bias) but not the way that participants process information (e.g., the order of information processing). Given these assumptions, much modeling has been accomplished based on the grouped data, rather than the individual data. However, a growing number of studies have demonstrated that there were individual differences in the perceptual decision process. In the same task context, different groups of the participants may process information in different manners. The capacity and architecture of the decision mechanism were found to vary across individuals, implying that humans’ decision strategies can vary depending on the context to maximize their performance. In this special issue, we focused on a particular subset of cognitive models, particularly accumulator models, multinomial processing trees and systems factorial technology (SFT) as applied to perceptual decision making. The motivation for the focus on perceptual decision-making is threefold. Empirical studies of perception have grown out of a history of making a large number of observations for each individual so as to achieve precise estimates of each individual’s performance. This type of data, rather than a small number of observations per individual, is most amenable to achieving precision in individual-level and group-level cognitive modeling. Second, the interaction between the acquisition of perceptual information and the decisions based on that information (to the extent that those processes are distinguishable) offers rich data for scientific exploration. Finally, there is an increasing interest in the practical application of individual variation in perceptual ability, whether to inform perceptual training and expertise, or to guide personnel decisions. Although these practical applications are beyond the scope of this issue, we hope that the research presented herein may serve as the foundation for future endeavors in that domain.
Book Synopsis Universal Principles of Design, Revised and Updated by : William Lidwell
Download or read book Universal Principles of Design, Revised and Updated written by William Lidwell and published by Rockport Pub. This book was released on 2010 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Universal Principles of Design is the first comprehensive, cross-disciplinary encyclopedia of design.
Book Synopsis Color in Electronic Displays by : Heino Widdel
Download or read book Color in Electronic Displays written by Heino Widdel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the product of Research Study Group (RSG) 13 on "Human Engineering Evaluation on the Use of Colour in Electronic Displays," of Panel 8, "Defence Applications of Human and Biomedical Sciences," of the NATO Defence Research Group. RSG 13 was chaired by Heino Widdel (Germany) and consisted of Jeffrey Grossman (United States), Jean-Pierre Menu (France), Giampaolo Noja (Italy, point of contact), David Post (United States), and Jan Walraven (Netherlands). Initially, Christopher Gibson (United Kingdom) and Sharon McFaddon (Canada) participated also. Most of these representatives served previously on the NATO program committee that produced Proceedings of a Workshop on Colour Coded vs. Monochrome Displays (edited by Christopher Gibson and published by the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, England) in 1984. RSG 13 can be regarded as a descendent of that program committee. RSG 13 was formed in 1987 for the purpose of developing and distributing guidance regarding the use of color on electronic displays. During our first meeting, we discussed the fact that, although there is a tremendous amount of information available concerning color vision, color perception, colorimetry, and color displays-much of it relevant to display design-it is scattered across numerous texts, journals, conference proceedings, and technical reports. We decided that we could fulfill the RSG's purpose best by producing a book that consolidates and summarizes this information, emphasizing those aspects that are most applicable to display design.
