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Author : Susanne Jutta Hoheisel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (35 download)
Download or read book Regulation of RNA Polymerase II CTD Phosphatase in S. Cerevisiae written by Susanne Jutta Hoheisel and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ulku Uzun
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (124 download)
Download or read book Regulation of RNA Polymerase II Transcription by Spt4 in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Ulku Uzun and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Lei Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (628 download)
Download or read book Regulation of RNA Polymerase II Transcription by the SPT Proteins in Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Lei Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : David Jansma
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Regulation and Variation of Subunits of RNA Polymerase II in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by David Jansma and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RNA polymerase (RNAP) uses ribonucleoside triphosphates as a substrate to form RNA chains. The RNA is a faithful copy of one strand of a double-stranded DNA template along which RNAP moves while making the RNA. This process (called transcription) is highly regulated such that DNA-encoded genes are transcribed at a large variety of rates and at different times in response to cues within and outside the cell. The goal of my thesis work was to investigate the mechanisms that regulate the synthesis of RNAP in yeast cells. I focused on the form of RNAP (RNAPII) of the yeast, 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', that is responsible primarily for transcribing genes that encode proteins. I have shown that a 10-fold reduction in the level of the largest subunit of RNAPII, and likely the level of RNAPII itself, causes slow growth, temperature-sensitivity, and the inability to grow on medium lacking inositol. Hence, the level of RNAPII must be carefully maintained for normal cell growth. I next examined elements that control the synthesis of RNAPII. I have demonstrated that the DNA sequences which are upstream of the genes encoding the two largest subunits of RNAPII, namely 'RPO21' and 'RPO22', contain binding sites for two abundant transcription factors called Abf1p and Reb1p, and thymidine-rich sequences downstream of these binding sites. Both the binding sites and the T-rich regions are important for the expression of these genes. An examination of the upstream sequences of other RNAPII subunit genes revealed binding sites for Abf1p and Reb1p as well as nearby thymidine-rich sequences. This may indicate that there is a mechanism for the coordinate synthesis of RNAPII subunit genes. I sought evidence for a feedback regulatory mechanism that may control the synthesis of RNAPII. Either the underproduction of Rpo21p, or the depletion of Fcp1p, an RNAPII phosphatase that has a critical role in transcription, leads to a 5-fold increase in the expression of a reporter gene that is controlled by 'RPO21' regulatory sequences. The increase is not observed with other subunits. I discuss the implications of these results and future directions.
Download or read book Regulation and Variation of Subunits of RNA Polymerase II in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jason Nicholas Kuehner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (891 download)
Download or read book Mechanism and Regulation of Yeast RNA Polymerase II Transcription Initiation and Termination written by Jason Nicholas Kuehner and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Author : David Jansma
Publisher : National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
ISBN 13 : 9780612411791
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (117 download)
Download or read book Regulation and Variation of Subunits of RNA Polymerase II in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae [microform] written by David Jansma and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 1999 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michael J. Berna (Sr.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (813 download)
Download or read book Mechanisms of Recruitment of the CTD Phosphatase Rtr1 to RNA Polymerase II written by Michael J. Berna (Sr.) and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The C-terminal domain (CTD) of the RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) subunit Rpb1 must exist in a hypophosphorylated state prior to forming a competent transcription initiation complex. However, during transcription, specific kinases and phosphatases act on the RNAPII CTD to regulate its phosphorylation state, which serves to recruit sequence-specific and general transcription factors at the appropriate stage of transcription. A key phosphatase involved in this process, Rtr1 (Regulator of Transcription 1), was shown to regulate a key step important for transcription elongation and termination. Although the role that Rtr1 plays in regulating RNAPII transcription has been described, the mechanism involved in the recruitment of Rtr1 to RNAPII during transcription has not been elucidated in yeast. Consequently, the present work utilized both affinity purification schemes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mass spectrometry to identify key Rtr1-interacting proteins and post-translational modifications that potentially play a role in recruiting Rtr1 to RNAPII. In addition to RNAPII subunits, which were the most consistently enriched Rtr1-interacting proteins, seven proteins were identified that are potentially involved in Rtr1 recruitment. These included PAF complex subunits (Cdc73, Ctr9, Leo1), the heat shock protein Hsc82, the GTPase Npa3, the ATPase Rpt6, and Spn1. Indirect evidence was also uncovered that implicates that the CTDK-I complex, a kinase involved in RNAPII CTD phosphorylation, is important in facilitating interactions between Rtr1, RNAPII, and select transcription factors. Additionally, a putative phosphorylation site was identified on Ser217 of Rtr1 that may also play a role in its recruitment to RNAPII during transcription.
Author : John Jun Kang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (53 download)
Download or read book Regulation of RNA Polymerase I-dependent Transcription by the Ribosomal DNA Enhancer in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by John Jun Kang and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michael S. Kobor
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)
Download or read book RNA Polymerase II Carboxy-terminal Domain Phosphatase written by Michael S. Kobor and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The form of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) that binds preferentially to promoters is not extensively phosphorylated on the carboxy-terminal heptapeptide repeat domain (CTD) of its largest subunit. The CTD becomes phosphorylated during or shortly after initiation and elongating RNAPII generally has a phosphorylated CTD. Prior to or following transcriptional termination, dephosphorylation of the CTD presumably must occur to regenerate the hypophosphorylated form of RNAPII that is capable of reinitiating transcription. This thesis examines the function of the CTD phosphatase Fcp1p in the yeast 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae'. In chapter 2, it is shown that Fcp1 is an unusual eukaryotic protein phosphatase that is required for dephosphorylation of the CTD 'in vivo ' and for transcription by RNAPII 'in vivo'. These results suggest that Fcp1p is the founding member of a new class of protein phosphatases and acts as a general transcription factor 'in vivo'. In chapter 3, affinity chromatography is used to study the binding of Fcp1p to TFIIB and the RAP74 subunit of TFIIF. Fcp1p binds in a similar way to both of these factors. RAP74 and TFIIB have a short region of homology and amino acid changes in this region affect the binding to Fcp1p. The genes encoding RAP74 and Fcp1p interact 'in vivo'. Fcp1p can activate transcription when artificially tethered to a promoter and this effect is largely dependent on binding to RAP74. In chapter 4, it is shown that yeast strains with mutations in ' fcp1' grow much worse when the gene encoding the major CTD kinase Kin28p is also mutated. In contrast, inactivation of another CTD kinase encoded by the 'SRB10' gene suppresses the temperature-sensitivity and the sensitivity to certain cell cycle checkpoint inducing drugs of ' fcp1' mutant strains. These results therefore suggest that Fcp1p and Srb10p have opposing roles 'in vivo'. In chapter 5, analysis of the phosphorylation state of the CTD reveals that reduced Fcp1p activity results in a increased amount of the largest subunit of RNAPII but this subunit is not incorporated into functional enzyme and is largely degraded at a higher temperature.
Author : Helen Cho
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Studies on the Transcriptional Regulation by Human RNA Polymerase II Complexes and the CTD-phosphatase written by Helen Cho and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Tracy Lanise Johnson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (34 download)
Download or read book RNA Binding to RNA Polymerase II Purified from the Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Tracy Lanise Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Rachel Imoberdorf
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (853 download)
Download or read book Analysis of RNA Polymerase II Transcription Initiation in the Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Rachel Imoberdorf and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transcription occurs in a repressive chromatin context. Chromatin modifications are therefore often required to allow transcriptional activation. Here, we addressed the question whether global histone acetylation is involved in the regulation of transcriptional activation of class II promoters. We show that global histone acetylation has a role in activation of RNA polymerase II dependent transcription by modulating the inherent inhibitory effects of chromatin on the formation of the pre-initiation complex. In a second project we have developed a chromatin immunoprecipitation based assay that allows the study of transcriptional reinitiation "in vivo". Our results suggest the formation of a reinitiation scaffold on the GAL1, but not the ACT1 promoter. In a third project assessed whether TFIIB reaches promoters in the form of the holoenzyme "in vivo". Our data indicate that TFIIB does not assemble in a holoenzyme but associates with another, yet unidentified, factor(s) prior to promoter binding.
Author : Cai Huang
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535107372
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)
Download or read book Protein Phosphorylation in Human Health written by Cai Huang and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-09-06 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 15 chapters on protein phosphorylation and human health written by expert scientists. Covers most important research hot points, such as Akt, AMPK and mTOR. Bridges the basic protein phosphorylation pathways with human health and diseases. Detailed and comprehensive text with excellent figure illustration.
Author : Nathaniel Tate Burkholder
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)
Download or read book Structural Basis of RNA Polymerase II C-terminal Domain Kinase and Phosphatase Specificity and Their Impact on Transcriptional Regulation written by Nathaniel Tate Burkholder and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transcription from a most basic perspective is the process of generating strands of RNA from DNA templates. However, in order to control when, where, and how much of specific RNAs are made, cells have evolved vast arrays of transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that allow for extensive differentiation and formation of complex traits. One of the unique and most important mechanisms of transcriptional regulation in eukaryotic cells is the reversible phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (RNAPII CTD). The CTD contains heptad repeats composed of the consensus sequence Tyr1-Ser2-Pro3-Thr4-Ser5-Pro6-Ser7 and all of the non-proline sites are phosphorylated in cells. The human CTD contains 52 repeats where the first 26 proximal heptads are mostly consensus sequence whereas the last 26 distal heptads contain several variations primarily at the Ser7 position. In Chapter 2, I describe how these variations and their modifications alter the phosphorylation of Tyr1 sites by using a combination of biochemical assays and mass spectrometry. Data presented in this chapter reveal how a conserved positively charged pocket in tyrosine kinases likely mediates the interaction residues in the Ser7 position and can potentially affect in vivo Tyr1 phospho-patterning. Futhermore, in Chapter 3 I describe the methodology behind synthesis and testing of cis/trans-locked Ser-Pro CTD peptides for understanding the role of prolyl isomerization on CTD regulation. We used these tools to determine the specificity of several CTD phosphatases, which revealed how the Ser5 phosphatase SSU72 structurally prefers the cis- over the trans-configuration of the phosphorylated Ser5-Pro6 motif. Among the phosphatases discovered to dephosphorylate the CTD, the family of SCP phosphatases seem to be more involved in regulating transcription through dephosphorylation of a different protein called the RE-1 silencing transcription factor (REST). REST is a major silencer of neuronal gene expression in non-neuronal cells which helps prevent development of improper neuronal phenotypes. Abnormally high protein levels of REST have been found in subsets of glioblastoma isolates which likely contributes to their oncogenesis and resistance of chemotherapeutics. SCP1 upregulates REST protein levels through dephosphorylating two degron sites that normally promote rapid turnover of REST, making it a potential drug target for glioblastomas in future studies. In Chapter 4, we show structurally how SCP1 recognizes these REST phosphorylation sites through complex x-ray crystallography. Data presented in this chapter reveal SCP1 specificity for each REST site and how SCP1 activity towards both of them promote REST gene silencing function
Author : Robert Duane Hontz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 526 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (39 download)
Download or read book RNA Polymerase I Transcriptional Regulation in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Robert Duane Hontz and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mary L. Cox
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (883 download)
Download or read book The Role of the CTD Phosphatase Rtr1 and Post-translational Modifications in Regulation of RNA Polymerase II written by Mary L. Cox and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is regulated by multiple modifications to the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit, Rpb1. This study has focused on the relationship between hyperphosphorylation of the CTD and RNAPII turnover and proteolytic degradation as well as post-translational modifications of the globular core of RNAPII. Following tandem affinity purification, western blot analysis showed that MG132 treated RTR1 ERG6 deletion yeast cells have accumulation of total RNAPII and in particular, the hyperphosphorylated form of the protein complex. In addition, proteomic studies using MuDPIT have revealed increased interaction between proteins of the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system in the mutant MG132 treated yeast cells as well as potential ubiquitin and phosphorylation sites in RNAPII subunits, Rpb6 and Rpb1, respectively. A novel Rpb1 phosphorylation site, T1471-P, is located in the linker region between the CTD and globular domain of Rpb1 and will be the focus of future studies to determine biological significance of this post-translational modification.
