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Regulation Of Immune System Cell Functions By Protein Kinase C
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Book Synopsis Regulation of immune system cell functions by protein kinase C by : Noah Isakov
Download or read book Regulation of immune system cell functions by protein kinase C written by Noah Isakov and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-11-11 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of Ser/Thr kinases are encoded by nine distinct but closely related genes, which give rise to more than 12 different protein isoforms via a mechanism of alternative RNA splicing. Most PKC proteins are ubiquitously expressed and participate in a plethora of functions in most cell types. A majority of PKC isoforms is also expressed in cells of the immune system in which they are involved in signal transduction downstream of a range of surface receptors, including the antigen receptors on T and B lymphocytes. PKC proteins are central to signal initiation and propagation, and to the regulation of processes leading to immune cell proliferation, differentiation, homing and survival. As a result, PKC proteins directly impact on the quality and quantity of immune responses and indirectly on the host resistance to pathogens and tendency to develop immune deficiencies and autoimmune diseases. A significant progress was made in recent years in understanding the regulation of PKC enzymes, their mechanism of action and their role in determining immunocyte behavior This volume reviews the most significant contributions made in the field of immune cell regulation by PKC enzymes. Several manuscripts are devoted to the role of distinct PKC isoforms in the regulation of selected immunocyte responses. Additional manuscripts review more general mechanisms of regulation of PKC enzymes, either by post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation or controlled proteolysis, or by interaction with different binding proteins that may alter the conformation, activity and subcellular location of PKC. Both types of mechanisms can introduce conformational changes in the molecule, which may affect its ability to interact with cofactors, ATP, or substrates. This topic will be followed by a discussion on the positive and negative impact of individual PKC isoforms on cell cycle regulation. A second section of this volume concentrates on selected topics relevant to role of the novel PKC isoform, PKC-theta, in T lymphocyte function. PKC-theta plays important and some non-redundant roles in T cell activation and is a key isoform that recruits to the immunological synapse - the surface membrane area in T cells that comes in direct contact with antigen presenting cells. The immunological synapse is formed in T cells within seconds following the engagement of the TCR by a peptide-bound MHC molecule on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. It serves as a platform for receptors, adaptor proteins, and effector molecules, which assemble into multimolecular activation complexes required for signal transduction. The unique ability of PKC-theta to activate the NF-kB, AP-1 and NF-AT transcription factors is well established, and recent studies contributed essential information on the mechanisms involved in the recruitment of PKC-theta to the center of the immunological synapse and the nature of its substrates and the role of their phosphorylated forms in signal transduction. Additional review manuscripts will describe the unique behavior of PKC-theta in regulatory T cells and its role in the regulation of other cell populations, including those of the innate immune response. This volume brings together leading experts from different disciplines that review the most recent discoveries and offer new perspectives on the contributions of PKC isoforms to biochemical processes and signaling events in different immune cell populations and their impact on the overall host immune response.
Book Synopsis Regulation of Immune System Cell Functions by Protein Kinase C. by :
Download or read book Regulation of Immune System Cell Functions by Protein Kinase C. written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of Ser/Thr kinases are encoded by nine distinct but closely related genes, which give rise to more than 12 different protein isoforms via a mechanism of alternative RNA splicing. Most PKC proteins are ubiquitously expressed and participate in a plethora of functions in most cell types. A majority of PKC isoforms is also expressed in cells of the immune system in which they are involved in signal transduction downstream of a range of surface receptors, including the antigen receptors on T and B lymphocytes. PKC proteins are central to signal initiation and propagation, and to the regulation of processes leading to immune cell proliferation, differentiation, homing and survival. As a result, PKC proteins directly impact on the quality and quantity of immune responses and indirectly on the host resistance to pathogens and tendency to develop immune deficiencies and autoimmune diseases. A significant progress was made in recent years in understanding the regulation of PKC enzymes, their mechanism of action and their role in determining immunocyte behavior This volume reviews the most significant contributions made in the field of immune cell regulation by PKC enzymes. Several manuscripts are devoted to the role of distinct PKC isoforms in the regulation of selected immunocyte responses. Additional manuscripts review more general mechanisms of regulation of PKC enzymes, either by post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation or controlled proteolysis, or by interaction with different binding proteins that may alter the conformation, activity and subcellular location of PKC. Both types of mechanisms can introduce conformational changes in the molecule, which may affect its ability to interact with cofactors, ATP, or substrates. This topic will be followed by a discussion on the positive and negative impact of individual PKC isoforms on cell cycle regulation. A second section of this volume concentrates on selected topics relevant to role of the novel PKC isoform, PKC-theta, in T lymphocyte function. PKC-theta plays important and some non-redundant roles in T cell activation and is a key isoform that recruits to the immunological synapse - the surface membrane area in T cells that comes in direct contact with antigen presenting cells. The immunological synapse is formed in T cells within seconds following the engagement of the TCR by a peptide-bound MHC molecule on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. It serves as a platform for receptors, adaptor proteins, and effector molecules, which assemble into multimolecular activation complexes required for signal transduction. The unique ability of PKC-theta to activate the NF-kB, AP-1 and NF-AT transcription factors is well established, and recent studies contributed essential information on the mechanisms involved in the recruitment of PKC-theta to the center of the immunological synapse and the nature of its substrates and the role of their phosphorylated forms in signal transduction. Additional review manuscripts will describe the unique behavior of PKC-theta in regulatory T cells and its role in the regulation of other cell populations, including those of the innate immune response. This volume brings together leading experts from different disciplines that review the most recent discoveries and offer new perspectives on the contributions of PKC isoforms to biochemical processes and signaling events in different immune cell populations and their impact on the overall host immune response.
Book Synopsis Protein Kinase-mediated Decisions Between Life and Death by : Ayse Basak Engin
Download or read book Protein Kinase-mediated Decisions Between Life and Death written by Ayse Basak Engin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-04 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein phosphorylation via protein kinases is an inevitable process that alters physiological and pathological functions of the cells. Thus, protein kinases play key roles in the regulation of cell life or death decisions. Protein kinases are frequently a driving factor in a variety of human diseases including aging and cellular senescence, immune system and endothelial dysfunctions, cancers, insulin resistance, cholestasis and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as bacterial resistance in persistent infections. Recent developments in quantitative proteomics provide important opinions on kinase inhibitor selectivity and their modes of action in the biological context. Protein Kinase-mediated Decisions Between Life and Death aims to have the reader catch insights about up-to-date opinions on “Protein Kinases” related pathways that threaten human health and life. As “Protein Kinases” are related to many health problems, clinicians, basic science researchers and students need this information. Chapter “Signal Transduction in Immune Cells and Protein Kinases” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Author :Lodewijk V. Dekker Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :9780306478635 Total Pages :212 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (786 download)
Book Synopsis Protein Kinase C by : Lodewijk V. Dekker
Download or read book Protein Kinase C written by Lodewijk V. Dekker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-06-17 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein Kinase C is a pivotal component of the mechanism that allows a cell to respond to its changing environment. In this book, the most significant advances in recent basic research on Protein Kinase C are explained by active researchers in the field. The first seven chapters provide a comprehensive account of the fundamental structural and biochemical properties of Protein Kinase C. The remaining chapters contain overviews of the function of Protein Kinase C, both in lower organisms and in mammalian cells, the latter with a focus on immune cells and nerve cells. This book is the only recent publication devoted entirely to Protein Kinase C and forms a major point of reference for those active in the field. In addition it will appeal to those with a general interest in biochemistry, cell biology, immunology and neurobiology.
Book Synopsis Protein Kinases in Blood Cell Function by : Chi-Kuang Huang
Download or read book Protein Kinases in Blood Cell Function written by Chi-Kuang Huang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-02-22 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein Kinases in Blood Cell Function provides an up-to-date, comprehensive review of protein kinases in various types of blood cell function. Blood cells discussed include T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, platelets, mast cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. The book will interest pathologists, physiologists, oncologists, hematologists, leukocyte biologists, and immunologists. It will also benefit anyone interested in signal transduction and blood cell functions such as host defense, hemostasis, and immune response.
Book Synopsis Protein Kinase C Protocols by : Alexandra C. Newton
Download or read book Protein Kinase C Protocols written by Alexandra C. Newton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery that protein kinase C (PKC) transduces the ab- dance of signals that result in phospholipid hydrolysis, this enzyme has been at the forefront of research in signal transduction. Protein Kinase C Protocols covers fundamental methods for studying the structure, function, regulation, subcellular localization, and macromolecular interactions of PKC. Protein Kinase C Protocols is divided into 11 sections representing the major aspects of PKC regulation and function. Part I contains an introduction and a historical perspective on the discovery of PKC by Drs. Yasutomi Nishizuka and Ushio Kikkawa. Part II describes methods to purify PKC. Part III describes the standard methods for measuring PKC activity: its enzymatic activity and its stimulus-dependent translocation from the cytosol to the membrane. Part IV describes methods for measuring the membrane interaction of PKC in vivo and in vitro. Part V provides methodologies and techniques for measuring the ph- phorylation state of PKC, including a protocol for measuring the activity of PKC’s upstream kinase, PDK-1. Novel methods for identifying substrates are described in Part VI. Part VII presents protocols for expressing and analyzing the membrane targeting domains of PKC. Part VIII provides a comprehensive c- pilation of methods used to identify binding partners for PKC. Part IX describes pharmacological probes used to study PKC. The book ends with a presentation of genetic approaches to study PKC (Part X) and a discussion of approaches used to study PKC in disease (Part XI).
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation VI by : Sudhir Gupta
Download or read book Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation VI written by Sudhir Gupta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since programmed cell death was first described in insects in 1964 and apoptosis was described in 1972, rapid progress has been made in understanding the basic mechanisms and genes regulating programmed cell death and apoptosis. In addition, defects in various genes regulating programmed cell death have been delineated in several experimental models of human diseases. This volume surveys various aspects of these rapidly developing areas of research in programmed cell death/apoptosis. This volume should be of interest to basic immunologists and molecular biologists. The volume begins with a historical perspective of cell death. The remainder of the volume is divided into four different parts. Part I deals with the signaling pathways in apoptosis, including cell cycle control of apoptosis, role of ceramide in apoptosis, role of antibody signaling, and biochemical regulation of apoptosis. The mechanisms for recognition of apoptotic lymphocytes by macrophages are also reviewed. Part II examines the role of various genes that regulate apoptosis, including the role ofFas, FasL, and other TNF family members in apoptosis and homeostatic regulation of immune response. Recently described splice variants and their influence on apoptosis are also reviewed, and the role of the members of the Bcl-2 family in apoptosis is discussed in detail. Part III reviews various aspects of apoptosis in B lymphocytes, including mechanisms that regulate apoptosis/survival of B lymphocytes and the regulation of Fas-mediated apoptosis in B lymphocytes.
Book Synopsis The Role of Protein Kinase C in IL-2 Signal Transduction by : Yin Lu
Download or read book The Role of Protein Kinase C in IL-2 Signal Transduction written by Yin Lu and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In summary, IL-2 stimulated PKC in CTLL-2 cells, not through the translocation of cytosolic enzyme to membrane, but via activation of inactive membrane associated PKC. This PKC activation was involved in IL-2's ability to suppress apoptosis in these cells. The mechanism(s) of PKC activation by IL-2 is substantially more complicated than we initially thought, and it likely involved multiple second messengers, including G-proteins, DAG, AA and factor X. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Book Synopsis Protein Kinase C in Cancer Signaling and Therapy by : Marcelo G. Kazanietz
Download or read book Protein Kinase C in Cancer Signaling and Therapy written by Marcelo G. Kazanietz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-10 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein kinase C (PKC), a family of serine-threonine kinases, rocketed to the forefront of the cancer research field in the early 1980’s with its identification as an effector of phorbol esters, natural products with tumor promoting activity. Phorbol esters had long been of interest to the cancer research field due to early studies in the mouse skin carcinogenesis model, which showed that prolonged topical application of phorbol esters promoted the formation of skin tumors on mice previously treated with mutagenic agents. Research in the last years has established key roles for PKC isozymes in the control of cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, and malignant transformation. In addition, there is a large body of evidence linking PKC to invasion and cancer cell metastasis. Moreover, it is now well established that the expression of PKC isozymes is altered in various types of cancers. More importantly, small molecule inhibitors have been developed with significant anti-cancer activity. The relevance of PKC isozymes in cancer signaling is therefore remarkable. This book will have 4 sections. There will be 23 chapters. Each section will have a brief introduction by an expert in the field (~ 1-2 pages).
Download or read book Protein Kinase C written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation II by : S. Gupta
Download or read book Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation II written by S. Gupta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ac ti vati on of Iymphocytes by physiologie ligands has become a central area of study for immunologists. Furthermore, Iymphocytes offer many advantages for the study of general aspects of receptor-mediated cellular activation. For these reasons, research on the cellular and molecular aspects of the activation of Iymphocytes by antigens, antigen analogues, Iymphokines and other growth factors has expanded enormously in the last several years. Aseries of conferences, "The International Conferences on Lymphocyte Activation", has been initiated to meet the growing need for a forum for the discussion of the topics that are included within the area of Iymphocyte activation. This volume represents the proceedings of the Second International Conference on Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation, held on February 18-20, 1988 at Newport Beach, California. The proceedings comprise four major sections. The first deals with the T cell receptors and T cell activation. It includes a model for the T cell receptor interaction with a complex of MHC plus antigen, structure of y c'i T cell receptor and their distinct isotypic forms, the role of zeta chain in the expression and structure of T cell receptors and its role in transmembrane signalling. The use of somatic cell mutants in the study of signal transduction function of the T cell antigen receptors and the early and late steps of signal transduction via a / ß T cell antigen receptors are discussed.
Book Synopsis Guide to Signal Pathways in Immune Cells by : E. Nigel Wardle
Download or read book Guide to Signal Pathways in Immune Cells written by E. Nigel Wardle and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-21 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To read current biomedical science, one has to have a working knowledge of how important effector molecules cause transduction of their signal within cells, altering the control of genes. This work aims to provide that basic knowledge for medical readers. Students of immunology or cell biology will note its relevance. One will learn how platelets, macrophages, neutrophils, T and B lymphocytes and natural killer cells perform their functions and how skin, breast, prostate and colon cancers emerge. The associated diagrams and tables are used to obviate extensive text. Appropriate references to articles and reviews by workers in each field are given so that further consideration can easily be undertaken. We are all at differing stages of our appreciation of immunology and of pat- physiology. Some persons will have a profound background in biochemistry or molecular biology. Others will have a reminiscence of lectures received years ago. Since this work is principally for clinical doctors, the sections that can be avoided at first reading are marked with an asterisk (*). Always proceed line by line and think of associations that you know. Do you feel comfortable with the statement, “Interleukin 6 stimulates glucose uptake in renal proximal tubular cells, and that action is associated with Stat3, PI3K/Akt, MAPKs and NF-kB signal pathways”? If not, please read on.
Book Synopsis PI3K signalling by : Klaus Okkenhaug
Download or read book PI3K signalling written by Klaus Okkenhaug and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-03-05 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The PI3Ks control many key functions in immune cells. PI3Ks phosphorylate PtdIns(4,5)P2 to yield PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. Initially, PI3K inhibitors such as Wortmannin, LY294002 and Rapamycin were used to establish a central role for Pi3K pathway in immune cells. Considerable progress in understanding the role of this pathway in cells of the immune system has been made in recent years, starting with analysis of various PI3K and Pten knockout mice and subsequently mTOR and Foxo knockout mice. Together, these experiments have revealed how PI3Ks control B cell and T cell development, T helper cell differentiation, regulatory T cell development and function, B cell and T cell trafficking, immunoglobulin class switching and much, much more. The PI3Kd inhibitor idelalisib has recently been approved for the treatment of B cell lymphoma. Clinical trials of other PI3K inhibitors in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases are also in progress. This is an opportune time to consider a Research Topic considering when what we have learned about the PI3K signalling module in lymphocyte biology and how this is making an impact on clinical immunology and haematology.
Book Synopsis Inhibitory Receptors and Pathways of Lymphocytes by : Alexandre M. Carmo
Download or read book Inhibitory Receptors and Pathways of Lymphocytes written by Alexandre M. Carmo and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Book Synopsis Possible Regulatory Functions of Protein Kinase C Isoenzymes in Renal Mesangial Cells and Macrophages by : Andrea Huwiler
Download or read book Possible Regulatory Functions of Protein Kinase C Isoenzymes in Renal Mesangial Cells and Macrophages written by Andrea Huwiler and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Protein Kinases and Stress Signaling in Plants by : Girdhar K. Pandey
Download or read book Protein Kinases and Stress Signaling in Plants written by Girdhar K. Pandey and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-12-03 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of stress signaling in plants using genomics and functional genomic approaches Improving agricultural production and meeting the needs of a rapidly growing global population requires crop systems capable of overcoming environmental stresses. Understanding the role of different signaling components in plant stress regulation is vital to developing crops which can withstand abiotic and biotic stresses without loss of crop yield and productivity. Emphasizing genomics and functional genomic approaches, Protein Kinases and Stress Signaling in Plants is a comprehensive review of cutting-edge research on stress perception, signal transduction, and stress response generation. Detailed chapters cover a broad range of topics central to improving agricultural production developing crop systems capable of overcoming environmental stresses to meet the needs of a rapidly growing global population. This book describes the field of protein kinases and stress signaling with a special emphasis on functional genomics. It presents a highly valuable contribution in the field of stress perception, signal transduction and generation of responses against one or multiple stress signals. This timely resource: Summarizes the role of various kinases involved in stress management Enumerates the role of TOR, GSK3-like kinase, SnRK kinases in different physiological conditions Examines mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in different stresses Describes the different aspects of calcium signaling under different stress conditions Examines photo-activated kinases (PAPKs) in varying light conditions Briefs the presence of tyrosine kinases in plants Highlights the cellular functions of receptor ]like protein kinases (RLKs) Possible implication of these kinases in developing stress tolerant crops Protein Kinases and Stress Signaling in Plants: Functional Genomic Perspective is an essential resource for researchers and students in the fields of plant molecular biology and signal transduction, plant responses to stress, plant cell signaling, plant protein kinases, plant biotechnology, transgenic plants and stress biology.
