Regulation Of Heart Function

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Regulation of Cardiac Contractility

Author : R. John Solaro
Publisher : Biota Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1615041753
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Regulation of Cardiac Contractility by : R. John Solaro

Download or read book Regulation of Cardiac Contractility written by R. John Solaro and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2011-04-01 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contractility describes the relative ability of the heart to eject a stroke volume (SV) at a given prevailing afterload (arterial pressure) and preload (end-diastolic volume; EDV). Various measures of contractility are related to the fraction as the SV/EDV or the ejection fraction, and the dynamics of ejection as determined from maximum pressure rise in the ventricles or arteries or from aortic flow velocities determined by echocardiography. At the cellular level, the ultimate determinant of contractility is the relative tension generation and shortening capability of the molecular motors (myosin cross-bridges) of the sarcomeres as determined by the rates and extent of Ca activation, the turnover kinetics of the cross-bridges, and the relative Ca responsiveness of the sarcomeres. Engagement of the regulatory signaling cascades controlling contractility occurs with occupancy and signal transduction by receptors for neurohumors of the autonomic nervous system as well as growth and stress signaling pathways. Contractility is also determined by the prevailing conditions of pH, temperature, and redox state. Short-term control of contractility is fully expressed during exercise. In long-term responses to stresses on the heart, contractility is modified by cellular remodeling and altered signaling that may compensate for a time but which ultimately may fail, leading to disorders.

Cardiovascular Regulation

Author : David Jordan
Publisher : Ashgate Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781855780248
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (82 download)

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Book Synopsis Cardiovascular Regulation by : David Jordan

Download or read book Cardiovascular Regulation written by David Jordan and published by Ashgate Publishing. This book was released on 1995 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Studies in Physiology series provides a concise introduction to developments in complex areas of physiology for a wide audience. Published on behalf of the Physiology Society, Cardiovascular Regulation provides an up-to-date account of our current understanding of the control of the cardiovascular system that is not covered by existing textbooks. Both students and lecturers of cardiovascular and exercise physiology, medicine, dentistry and biomedical sciences will find this book informative and easy to read. Each chapter has numerous summary boxes. 'Essential reading' suggestions provide additional reading for undergraduates and the suggestions for 'Further reading' cover the subject to postgraduate level.

Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation, Second Edition

Author : Roland N. Pittman
Publisher : Biota Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1615047212
Total Pages : 117 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation, Second Edition by : Roland N. Pittman

Download or read book Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation, Second Edition written by Roland N. Pittman and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-18 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.

Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow

Author : Michitoshi Inoue
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 4431683674
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (316 download)

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Book Synopsis Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow by : Michitoshi Inoue

Download or read book Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow written by Michitoshi Inoue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.

Control of Cardiac Output

Author : David Young
Publisher : Biota Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1615040226
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Control of Cardiac Output by : David Young

Download or read book Control of Cardiac Output written by David Young and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although cardiac output is measured as the flow of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta, the system that controls cardiac output includes many other components besides the heart itself. The heart’s rate of output cannot exceed the rate of venous return to it, and therefore, the factors governing venous return are primarily responsible for control of output from the heart. Venous return is affected by its pressure gradient and resistance to flow throughout the vascular system. The pressure gradient for venous return is a function of several factors including the blood volume flowing through the system, the unstressed vascular volume of the circulatory system, its capacitance, mean systemic pressure, and right atrial pressure. Resistance to venous return is the sum of total vascular resistance from the aortic valve to the right atrium. The sympathetic nervous system and vasoactive circulating hormones affect short-term resistance, whereas local tissue blood flow autoregulatory mechanisms are the dominant determinants of long-term resistance to venous return. The strength of contraction of the heart responds to changes in atrial pressure driven by changes in venous return, with small changes in atrial pressure eliciting large changes in strength of contraction, as described by the Frank–Starling mechanism. In addition, the autonomic nervous system input to the heart alters myocardial pumping ability in response to cardiovascular challenges. The function of the cardiovascular system is strongly affected by the operation of the renal sodium excretion–body fluid volume–arterial pressure negative feedback system that maintains arterial blood pressure at a controlled value over long periods. The intent of this volume is to integrate the basic knowledge of these cardiovascular system components into an understanding of cardiac output regulation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Venous Return / Cardiac Function / Integrated Analysis of Cardiac Output Control / Analysis of Cardiac Output Regulation by Computer Simulation / Analysis of Cardiac Output Control in Response to Challenges / Conclusion / References / Author Biography

Anatomy and Physiology

Author : J. Gordon Betts
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781947172807
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis Anatomy and Physiology by : J. Gordon Betts

Download or read book Anatomy and Physiology written by J. Gordon Betts and published by . This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Cardiovascular Physiology E-Book

Author : Achilles J. Pappano
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323088260
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Cardiovascular Physiology E-Book by : Achilles J. Pappano

Download or read book Cardiovascular Physiology E-Book written by Achilles J. Pappano and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2012-12-20 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiovascular Physiology gives you a solid understanding of how the cardiovascular system functions in both health and disease. Ideal for your systems-based curriculum, this title in the Mosby Physiology Monograph Series explains how the latest concepts apply to real-life clinical situations. Consult this title on your favorite e-reader, conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability. Get clear, accurate, and up-to-the-minute coverage of the physiology of the cardiovascular system. Master the material easily with objectives at the start of each chapter; self-study questions, summaries, and key words and concepts. Grasp the latest concepts in vascular, molecular, and cellular biology as they apply to cardiovascular function, thanks to molecular commentaries in each chapter. Apply information to clinical situations with the aid of clinical commentaries and highlighted clinical vignettes throughout.

Simulation and Imaging of the Cardiac System

Author : S. Sideman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400949928
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Simulation and Imaging of the Cardiac System by : S. Sideman

Download or read book Simulation and Imaging of the Cardiac System written by S. Sideman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ultrasound velocity tomography allows measurement of cardiac geometries for various phases in the cardiac cycle. The present tomograph makes reconstruc tions at intervals of 20 ms. Because of a lack of clear (intramural) landmarks (except the roots of the papillairy muscle), it is difficult to pinpoint spatial trajectories of particular points in the heart. Therefore, a second method was developed of injecting radiopaque markers in the heart and following their motion patterns during the cardiac cycle with help of a biplane X-ray equipment. The data obtained with both methods can be implemented in our finite element model of the heart to compute intramural stresses and strains. The results obtained sofar with the extended Darcy equation to account for the interaction of blood rheology and tissue mechanics look promising. Further testing with more sophisticated subjects than mentioned in Figure 9 is required before it will be implemented in our finite element model of the heart. We conclude that analysis of regional cardiac function, including regional myocardial blood flow, requires still a major research effort but the results obtained sofar justify, to our opinion, a continuation in this direction. Acknowledgement The authors acknowledge Dr. C. Borst and coworkers for doing the animal experiments and prof. Van Campen and dr. Grootenboer for their participation is some aspects of this work.

Caffeine in Food and Dietary Supplements

Author : Leslie A. Pray
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780309297493
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (974 download)

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Book Synopsis Caffeine in Food and Dietary Supplements by : Leslie A. Pray

Download or read book Caffeine in Food and Dietary Supplements written by Leslie A. Pray and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Caffeine in Food and Dietary Supplements is the summary of a workshop convened by the Institute of Medicine in August 2013 to review the available science on safe levels of caffeine consumption in foods, beverages, and dietary supplements and to identify data gaps. Scientists with expertise in food safety, nutrition, pharmacology, psychology, toxicology, and related disciplines; medical professionals with pediatric and adult patient experience in cardiology, neurology, and psychiatry; public health professionals; food industry representatives; regulatory experts; and consumer advocates discussed the safety of caffeine in food and dietary supplements, including, but not limited to, caffeinated beverage products, and identified data gaps. Caffeine, a central nervous stimulant, is arguably the most frequently ingested pharmacologically active substance in the world. Occurring naturally in more than 60 plants, including coffee beans, tea leaves, cola nuts and cocoa pods, caffeine has been part of innumerable cultures for centuries. But the caffeine-in-food landscape is changing. There are an array of new caffeine-containing energy products, from waffles to sunflower seeds, jelly beans to syrup, even bottled water, entering the marketplace. Years of scientific research have shown that moderate consumption by healthy adults of products containing naturally-occurring caffeine is not associated with adverse health effects. The changing caffeine landscape raises concerns about safety and whether any of these new products might be targeting populations not normally associated with caffeine consumption, namely children and adolescents, and whether caffeine poses a greater health risk to those populations than it does for healthy adults. This report delineates vulnerable populations who may be at risk from caffeine exposure; describes caffeine exposure and risk of cardiovascular and other health effects on vulnerable populations, including additive effects with other ingredients and effects related to pre-existing conditions; explores safe caffeine exposure levels for general and vulnerable populations; and identifies data gaps on caffeine stimulant effects.

Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force

Author : Donald Bers
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 940100658X
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force by : Donald Bers

Download or read book Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force written by Donald Bers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How is the heartbeat generated? What controls the strength of contraction of heart muscle? What are the links between cardiac structure and function? How does our understanding of skeletal and smooth muscle and non-muscle cells influence our thinking about force development in the heart? Are there important species differences in how contraction is regulated in the heart? How do the new molecular data fit together in understanding the heart beat? What goes wrong in ischemia, hypertrophy, and heart failure? This book paints a modern `portrait' of how the heart works and in this picture the author shows a close-up of the structural, biochemical, and physiological links between excitation and contraction. The author takes the reader through a series of important, interrelated topics with great clarity and continuity and also includes many useful illustrations and tables. The book starts by considering the cellular structures involved in excitation-contraction coupling and then described the characteristics of the myofilaments as the end effector of excitation-contraction coupling. A general scheme of calcium regulation is described and the possible sources and sinks of calcium are discussed in simple, but quantitative terms. The cardiac action potential and its many underlying currents are reviewed. Then the characteristics of some key calcium transport systems (calcium channels, sodium/calcium exchange and SR calcium uptake and release) are discussed in detail. This is then built into a more integrated picture of calcium regulation in succeeding chapters by detailed discussions of excitation-calcium coupling mechanisms (in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle), the interplay between calcium regulatory processes, and finally mechanisms of cardiac inotropy, calcium overload, and dysfunction (e.g., ischemia, hypertrophy, and heart failure). Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force – Second Edition is an invaluable source of information for anyone who is interested in how the heart beat is controlled and especially suited for students of the cardiovascular system at all levels from medical/graduate students through senior investigators in related fields.

Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts

Author : Richard E. Klabunde
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 : 1975150090
Total Pages : 689 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (751 download)

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Book Synopsis Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts by : Richard E. Klabunde

Download or read book Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts written by Richard E. Klabunde and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2020-12-01 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praised for its concise coverage, this highly accessible monograph lays a foundation for understanding the underlying concepts of normal cardiovascular function and offers a welcome alternative to a more mechanistically oriented approach or an encyclopedic physiology text. Clear explanations, ample illustrations and engaging clinical cases and problems provide the perfect guidance for self-directed learning and prepare you to excel in clinical practice.

Ventricular Function

Author : David C. Warltier
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Ventricular Function by : David C. Warltier

Download or read book Ventricular Function written by David C. Warltier and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 1995 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

ABC of Hypertension

Author : D. Gareth Beevers
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1405171359
Total Pages : 89 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis ABC of Hypertension by : D. Gareth Beevers

Download or read book ABC of Hypertension written by D. Gareth Beevers and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-07-15 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hypertension is a condition which affects millions of peopleworldwide and its treatment greatly reduces the risk of strokes andheart attacks. This fully revised and updated edition of the ABCof Hypertension is an established guide providing all thenon-specialist needs to know about the measurement of bloodpressure and the investigation and management of hypertensivepatients. This new edition provides comprehensively updated andrevised information on how and whom to treat. The ABC of Hypertension will prove invaluable to generalpractitioners who may be screening large numbers of patients forhypertension, as well as nurse practitioners, midwives and otherhealthcare professionals.

Pathophysiology of Shock, Sepsis, and Organ Failure

Author : Günther Schlag
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642767362
Total Pages : 1180 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)

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Book Synopsis Pathophysiology of Shock, Sepsis, and Organ Failure by : Günther Schlag

Download or read book Pathophysiology of Shock, Sepsis, and Organ Failure written by Günther Schlag and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book current knowledge of the pathophysiology of shock, sepsis and multi organ failure is presented. The rapid progress which has been made and the results achieved in intensive care medicine are based on sound basic research, which is duly reflected in these chapters. Multiorgan failure is the foremost cause of postoperative and posttraumatic death and many complex mechanisms are involved. Only with a good foundation of basic research can abnormalities in the physiological, biochemical, and morphological course of shock be recognized and the necessary conclusions for treatment drawn. Therapy must proceed from profound knowledge of the multi variant physiological events in order to influence shock, sepsis and organ failure. Although numerous possibilities for therapy have arisen from pharmaceutical research in recent years, they are beyond the scope of this book and are not discussed here. To gain a better understanding of the pathophysiological events it was necessary to examine and to describe different models that simulate and reproduce these events. Here we describe the causative agents (shock) and the consequences (sepsis, organ failure) in two main sections, divided on the basis of their pathophysiology.

Anatomy & Physiology

Author : Lindsay Biga
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781955101158
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Anatomy & Physiology by : Lindsay Biga

Download or read book Anatomy & Physiology written by Lindsay Biga and published by . This book was released on 2019-09-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A version of the OpenStax text

The Nervous System and the Heart

Author : Gert J. Ter Horst
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 592 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Nervous System and the Heart by : Gert J. Ter Horst

Download or read book The Nervous System and the Heart written by Gert J. Ter Horst and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are physiological bases for associations of the heart with emotions, and with the apparently universal increased mortality in winter. Thirteen contributions integrate expertise in cardiology and neuroscience in overviewing the latest knowledge about head-heart interactions. The first five chapters explain autonomic control of cardiovascular functions, the neural supply of the heart, and neuropathology. Part II examines the effects of stress on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal system and the heart. Part III treats the neurobiology and neuroimaging of cardiac pain. Next, humoral factors in cardiovascular regulation and as mediators of inflammation in coronary artery disease are considered. Finally, the relationship between heart disease and cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders is discussed. Includes photomicrographs, schematic drawings, and nice large print.

Physiology And Pharmacology of Cardio-Respiratory Control

Author : Albert Dahan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401151296
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Physiology And Pharmacology of Cardio-Respiratory Control by : Albert Dahan

Download or read book Physiology And Pharmacology of Cardio-Respiratory Control written by Albert Dahan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-27 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On 15 November 1997, the first international symposium "Neural and Chemical Control of Breathing: Pharmacological and Clinical Aspects" was held at Leiden University Medical Center on the occasion of the retirement of one of the members of the Control of Breathing Research Group of the Departments of Physiology and Anesthesiology, Dr. Aad Berkenbosch. Among others, Dr. Berkenbosch, played an important role in this research group, which made a large and significant contribution to scientific research on the regulation of breathing. This book presents the proceedings of that meeting together with papers of several authors who have strong bonds with the Leiden Departments of Physiology and Anesthesiology. All studies represent state of the art work on the subject of respiratory control and cardiovascular medicine, with emphasis on the physiological, pharmacological and anesthesiological aspects of both fields. The book is divided in several sections: Oxygen Physiology. Prof. John Severinghaus presents among other things his ideas on oxygen sensing and high altitude related diseases. Prof. Honda gives results from studies in a unique set of subjects without carotid bodies. The findings of Honda's group support the idea that an intact hypoxic drive from the carotid bodies is necessary for the generation of central hypoxic depression. Dr. Hans van Beek discusses the effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia on cardiac contractility in animal models. Prof. Oeseburg demonstrates the feasibility of Near Infra Red Oximetry for monitoring tissue oxygenation in patients. Central Chemoreception.