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Regulation Of Cell Proliferation And Differentiation During Drosophila Neurogenesis
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Book Synopsis Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation During Drosophila Neurogenesis by : Te-Hui Liu
Download or read book Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation During Drosophila Neurogenesis written by Te-Hui Liu and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: During Drosophila embryogenesis, tight coordination between cell proliferation and terminal differentiation is required to ensure the proper formation of the nervous system. However, little is known regarding the mechanism coordinating cell cycle proliferation and terminal differentiation. The main goal of my research was to analyze the transcriptional regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) dacapo (dap) gene expression during Drosophila melanogaster neurogenesis. dap is the only identified G1 CKI in Drosophila and is a homolog of p27kip. I found dap expression to be regulated by a complex array of tissue-specific cis-regulatory elements. prospero (pros), a pan-neural transcription factor, regulates dap expression in the embryonic nervous system. Furthermore, Pros and DmcycE, the Drosophila homolog of cyclin E, function cooperatively in regulating the expression of both dap and the neuronal differentiation marker-Even-skipped (Eve). A second goal of my research was to analyze the role of Pros in the regulation of mitotic activity and differentiation. Evidence is presented that cell cycle regulatory genes are downstream targets of Pros in regulating mitotic activity. In addition, Pros interacts with cell cycle regulatory genes to regulate the expression of neuronal differentiation markers in a lineage specific pattern.
Book Synopsis Transcriptional and Translational Regulation of Stem Cells by : Gary Hime
Download or read book Transcriptional and Translational Regulation of Stem Cells written by Gary Hime and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes the latest findings on transcriptional and translational regulation of stem cells. Both transcriptional activators and repressors have been shown to be crucial for the maintenance of the stem cell state. A key element of stem cell maintenance is repression of differentiation factors or developmental genes – achieved transcriptionally, epigenetically by the Polycomb complex, and post-transcriptionally by RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs. This volume takes two approaches to this topic – (1) illustrating the general principles outlined above through a series of different stem cell examples – embryonic, iPS and adult stem cells, and (2) describing several molecular families that have been shown to have roles in regulation of multiple stem cell populations.
Book Synopsis Context-Dependent Regulation of Neurogenesis: Common Themes and Unique Features of the Neurogenic Process in Different Model Systems by : Giuseppe Lupo
Download or read book Context-Dependent Regulation of Neurogenesis: Common Themes and Unique Features of the Neurogenic Process in Different Model Systems written by Giuseppe Lupo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-05-25 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genetic Mechanisms Regulating the Spatiotemporal Modulation of Proliferation Rate and Mode in Neural Progenitors and Daughter Cells during Embryonic CNS Development by : Behzad Yaghmaeian Salmani
Download or read book Genetic Mechanisms Regulating the Spatiotemporal Modulation of Proliferation Rate and Mode in Neural Progenitors and Daughter Cells during Embryonic CNS Development written by Behzad Yaghmaeian Salmani and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-05-09 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central nervous system (CNS) is a hallmark feature of animals with a bilateral symmetry: bilateria and can be sub-divided into the brain and nerve cord. One of the prominent properties of the CNS across bilateria is the discernible expansion of its anterior part (brain) compared with the posterior one (nerve cord). This evolutionarily conserved feature could be attributed to four major developmental agencies: First, the existence of more anterior progenitors. Second, anterior progenitors are more proliferative. Third, anterior daughter cells, generated by the progenitors, are more proliferative. Forth, fewer cells are removed by programmed cell death (PCD) anteriorly. My thesis has addressed these issues, and uncovered both biological principles and genetic regulatory networks that promote these A-P differences. I have used the Drosophila and mouse embryonic CNSs as model systems. Regarding the 1st issue, while the brain indeed contains more progenitors, my studies demonstrate that this only partly explains the anterior expansion. Indeed, with regard to the 2nd issue, my studies, on both the Drosophila and mouse CNS, demonstrate that anterior progenitors divide more extensively. Concerning the 3rd issue, in Drosophila we identified a gradient of daughter proliferation along the AP axis of the developing CNS with brain daughter cells being more proliferative. Specifically, in the brain, progenitors divide to generate a series of daughter cells that divide once (Type I), to generate two neurons or glia. In contrast, in the nerve cord, progenitors switch during later stages, from first generating dividing daughters to subsequently generating daughters that directly differentiate (Type 0). Hence, nerve cord progenitors undergo a programmed Type I->0 proliferation switch. In the Drosophila posterior CNS, this switch occurs earlier and is more prevalent, contributing to the generation of smaller lineages in the posterior regions. Similar to Drosophila, in the mouse brain we also found that progenitor and daughter cell proliferation was elevated and extended into later developmental stages, when compared to the spinal cord. DNA-labeling experiments revealed faster cycling cells in the brain when compared to the nerve cord, in both Drosophila and mouse. In both Drosophila and mouse, we found that the suppression of progenitor and daughter proliferation in the nerve cord is controlled by the Hox homeotic gene family. Hence, the absence of Hox gene expression in the brain provides a logical explanation for the extended progenitor proliferation and lack of Type I->0 switch. The repression of Hox genes in the brain is mediated by the histonemodifying Polycomb Group complex (PcG), which thereby is responsible for the anterior expansion. With respect to the 4th issue, we found no effect of PCD on anterior expansion in Drosophila, while this cannot be asserted for the mouse embryonic neurodevelopment as there are no genetic tools to abolish PCD effectively in mammals. Taken together, the studies presented in this thesis identified global and evolutionarily-conserved genetic programs that promote anterior CNS expansion, and pave the way for understanding the evolution of size along the anterior-posterior CNS axis.
Book Synopsis Asymmetric Cell Division in Development, Differentiation and Cancer by : Jean-Pierre Tassan
Download or read book Asymmetric Cell Division in Development, Differentiation and Cancer written by Jean-Pierre Tassan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-12 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers with an overview of the frequent occurrence of asymmetric cell division. Employing a broad range of examples, it highlights how this mode of cell division constitutes the basis of multicellular organism development and how its misregulation can lead to cancer. To underline such developmental correlations, readers will for example gain insights into stem cell fate and tumor growth. In turn, subsequent chapters include descriptions of asymmetric cell division from unicellular organisms to humans in both physiological and pathological conditions. The book also illustrates the importance of this process for evolution and our need to understand the background mechanisms, offering a valuable guide not only for students in the field of developmental biology but also for experienced researchers from neighboring fields.
Book Synopsis Stem Cell Regulators by : Gerald Litwack
Download or read book Stem Cell Regulators written by Gerald Litwack and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-12-12 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Factors operating in pluripotent cells -- Molecular mediators of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) -- Insulin and germline proliferation in Caenorhabditis -- Generation of mature ß-cells from embryonic stem cells: What are we missing? -- Activation and regulation of reserve liver progenitor cells -- Adult cardiac-derived stem cells: differentiation and survival regulators -- TGF-Beta1 regulates differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells -- Maternal intake of folic acid and neural crest stem cells -- Modulation of the generation of dopaminergic neurons from human neural stem cells by Bcl-XL. Mechanisms of action -- Glucocorticoid hedgehog agonists in neurogenesis -- Effect of progesterone on human mesenchymal stem cells -- Regulation of muscle stem cell activation -- the role of growth factors and extracellular matrix -- Thymosins and muscle regeneration -- Micro RNAs and mesenchymal stem cells -- MicroRNA and vascular smooth muscle cells -- Transforming growth factor beta superfamily in mouse embryonic stem cell self-renewal -- The biology of HIFa proteins in cell differentiation and disease -- Regulatory role of Klf5 in early mouse development and in embryonic stem cells -- Bam and Bgcn in Drosophila germ line stem cell differentiation -- The effects of mechanical loading on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and matrix production.
Book Synopsis Vitamin D3 Up-regulated Protein 1 (VDUP1) Contributes to Neural Fate Specification During Drosophila Brain Development by : Payal Khanna
Download or read book Vitamin D3 Up-regulated Protein 1 (VDUP1) Contributes to Neural Fate Specification During Drosophila Brain Development written by Payal Khanna and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A FGF-Hh Feedback Loop Controls Stem Cell Proliferation in the Developing Larval Brain of Drosophila Melanogaster by : Andrea Lynn Barrett
Download or read book A FGF-Hh Feedback Loop Controls Stem Cell Proliferation in the Developing Larval Brain of Drosophila Melanogaster written by Andrea Lynn Barrett and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The adult Drosophila central nervous system is produced by two phases of neurogenesis: the first phase occurs during embryonic development where the larval brain is formed and the second occurs during larval development to form the adult brain. Neurogenesis in both phases is caused by the activation of neural stem cell division and subsequent progenitor cell division and terminal differentiation. Proper activation of neural stem cell division in the larval brain is essential for proper patterning and functionality of the adult central nervous system. Initiation of neural stem cell proliferation requires signaling from the Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) homolog Branchless (Bnl) and by the Hedgehog (Hh) growth factor. I have focused on the interactions between both of these signaling pathways with respect to post-embryonic neural stem cell proliferation using the Drosophila larval brain. Using proliferation assays and quantitative real-time PCR, I have shown that Bnl and Hh signaling is inter-dependent in the 1st instar larval brain and activates neural stem cell proliferation. I have also shown that overexpression of bnl can rescue signaling and neuroblast proliferation in a hh mutant. However, overexpression of hh does not rescue signaling or neuroblast proliferation in a bnl mutant, suggesting that Bnl is the signaling output of the Bnl-Hh feedback loop and that all central brain and optic lobe neural stem cells require Bnl signaling to initiated proliferation.
Book Synopsis Cell Cycle Regulation and Differentiation in Cardiovascular and Neural Systems by : Antonio Giordano
Download or read book Cell Cycle Regulation and Differentiation in Cardiovascular and Neural Systems written by Antonio Giordano and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-17 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complex physiopathological relationships have been proven to exist between two of the body’s most vital organs; the brain and the heart. In Cell Cycle Regulation and Differentiation in Cardiovascular and Neural Systems Antonio Giordano, Umberto Galderisi and a panel of the most respected authorities in their field offer an in-depth analysis of the differentiation process in two systems that have profound relationships with one another. The text looks at several aspects of the cardiovascular and nervous systems from a new point of view, describing the differences and similarities in their differentiation pathways with an emphasis on the role of cell cycle regulation and cell differentiation. Topics discussed include neurogenesis in the central nervous system, neural stem cells, and the basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factors in neural differentiation. Ground-breaking and authoritative, Cell Cycle Regulation and Differentiation in Cardiovascular and Neural Systems is a must have for all researchers in cardiovascular medicine and neuroscience and will prompt the scientific community to perceive cell cycle regulation and differentiation under a novel and more comprehensive light.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Prospero Function in Cell Cycle Regulation During Drosophila Embryonic Neurogenesis by : Ling Li
Download or read book Analysis of Prospero Function in Cell Cycle Regulation During Drosophila Embryonic Neurogenesis written by Ling Li and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Calcium Signaling in Neurogenesis by :
Download or read book Calcium Signaling in Neurogenesis written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proliferation and Differentiation Control in Neuronal Stem Cells of Drosophila Melanogaster by : Anna Radovic
Download or read book Proliferation and Differentiation Control in Neuronal Stem Cells of Drosophila Melanogaster written by Anna Radovic and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We identified a novel interactor of Drosophila tumor suppressor Discs-large (Dlg), named Partner of Inscuteable (Pins) in a Yeast Two Hybrid (YTH) screen searching for the proteins that bind to the SH3 domain of Dlg, sequenced cDNA and predicted the domain structure of the protein product. It is predicted to contain seven tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR), three GoLoco repeats and a putative SH3-binding sequence. We demonstrated that Pins can bind Dlg directly, and that the two proteins have overlapping locations in dividing neuronal stem cells (neuroblasts). While Dlg is localized throughout the cell membrane throughout the cell cycle, Pins is recruited to the apical pole during the prophase, where it becomes part of the apical complex.
Book Synopsis Cell Cycle and Cell Differentiation by : J. Reinert
Download or read book Cell Cycle and Cell Differentiation written by J. Reinert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is instructive to compare the response of biologists to the two themes that comprise the title of this volume. The concept of the cell cycle-in contra distinction to cell division-is a relatively recent one. Nevertheless biologists of all persuasions appreciate and readily agree on the central problems in this area. Issues ranging from mechanisms that initiate and integrate the synthesis of chro mosomal proteins and DNA during S-phase of mitosis to the manner in which assembly of microtubules and their interactions lead to the segregation of metaphase chromosomes are readily followed by botanists and zoologists, as well as by cell and molecular biologists. These problems are crisp and well-defined. The current state of "cell differentiation" stands in sharp contrast. This, one of the oldest problems in experimental biology, almost defies definition today. The difficulties arise not only from a lack of pertinent information on the regulatory mechanisms, but also from conflicting basic concepts in this field. One of the ways in which this situation might be improved would be to find a broader experimental basis, including a better understanding of the relationship between the cell cycle and cell differentiation.
Book Synopsis Novel Roles for Fragile X Protein in Neurogenesis by : Matthew Aron Callan
Download or read book Novel Roles for Fragile X Protein in Neurogenesis written by Matthew Aron Callan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited mental retardation, affecting approximately 1/4000 males and 1/6000 females worldwide. FXS is caused by loss of FMR1 gene expression, resulting in the lack of the protein product, Fragile X protein (FMRP). FMRP is an RNA-binding protein thought to regulate synaptic plasticity by controlling the localization and translation of specific mRNAs in neurons. To determine whether FMRP is also required in early brain development we examined the distribution of cell cycle markers in Drosophila FMR1 (dFmr1) mutant brains compared to wild-type brains. Our results indicate that the loss of dFmr1 leads to a significant increase in the number of mitotic neuroblasts and BrdU incorporation in the brain, consistent with the notion that FMRP controls proliferation in neural stem cells. To determine the role of FMRP in neuroblast division and differentiation, we used Mosaic Analysis with a Repressible Marker (MARCM) approaches in the developing larval brain and found that single dFmr1 neuroblasts generate significantly more neurons than controls. Developmental studies suggest that FMRP also inhibits neuroblast exit from quiescence, or reactivation, in early larval brains, as indicated by misexpression of the G1 to S phase transition marker Cyclin E. We have also identified a novel role for FMRP in the glia surrounding the neuroblasts, indicating that FMRP in these cells contributes to the regulation of neuroblast reactivation via signaling from the supporting glial cells. Our results demonstrate that FMRP is required during brain development to control the exit from quiescence and proliferative capacity of neuroblasts as well as neuron production, which may provide insights into Fragile X Syndrome and other Autism-Spectrum disorders.
Book Synopsis Mouse Brain Development by : Andre M. Goffinet
Download or read book Mouse Brain Development written by Andre M. Goffinet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-10 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in mammalian brain development remains limited. However, the last few years have wit nessed a quantum leap in our knowledge, due to technological improve ments, particularly in molecular genetics. Despite this progress, the available body of data remains mostly phenomenological and reveals very little about the grammar that organizes the molecular dictionary to articulate a pheno type. Nevertheless, the recent progress in genetics will allow us to contem plate, for the first time, the integration of observation into a coherent view of brain development. Clearly, this may be a major challenge for the next century, and arguably is the most important task of contemporary develop mental biology. The purpose of the present book is to provide an overview that syn thesizes up-to-date information on selected aspects of mouse brain devel opment. Given the format, it was not possible to cover all aspects of brain development, and many important subjects are missing. The selected themes are, to a certain extent, subjective and reflect the interests of the contributing authors. Examples of major themes that are not covered are peripheral nervous system development, including myelination, the development of the hippocampus and several other CNS structures, as well as the developmental function of some important morphoregulatory molecules.
Book Synopsis Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5 (Cdk5) by : Nancy Y. Ip
Download or read book Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5 (Cdk5) written by Nancy Y. Ip and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-28 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5 provides a comprehensive and up-to-date collection of reviews on the discovery, signaling mechanisms and functions of Cdk5, as well as the potential implication of Cdk5 in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Since the identification of this unique member of the Cdk family, Cdk5 has emerged as one of the most important signal transduction mediators in the development, maintenance and fine-tuning of neuronal functions and networking. Further studies have revealed that Cdk5 is also associated with the regulation of neuronal survival during both developmental stages and in neurodegenerative diseases. These observations indicate that precise control of Cdk5 is essential for the regulation of neuronal survival. The pivotal role Cdk5 appears to play in both the regulation of neuronal survival and synaptic functions thus raises the interesting possibility that Cdk5 inhibitors may serve as therapeutic treatment for a number of neurodegenerative diseases.
Book Synopsis Muscle Regeneration by : Alexander Mauro
Download or read book Muscle Regeneration written by Alexander Mauro and published by Raven Press (ID). This book was released on 1979 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
