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Regionalism In Standards
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Book Synopsis Regionalism in Standards by : Maggie Xiaoyang Chen
Download or read book Regionalism in Standards written by Maggie Xiaoyang Chen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regional agreements on standards have been largely ignored by economists and unconditionally blessed by multilateral trade rules. The authors find, theoretically and empirically, that such agreements increase trade between participating countries but not necessarily with the rest of the world. Adopting a common standard in a region-that is, harmonization-boosts exports of excluded industrial countries to the region. But it reduces exports of excluded developing countries, possibly because developing country firms are hurt more by an increase in the stringency of standards and benefit less from economies of scale in integrated markets. Mutual recognition agreements are more uniformly trade promoting unless they contain restrictive rules of origin, in which case intra-regional trade increases at the expense of trade with other, especially developing, countries. The authors propose a modification of international trade rules to strike a better balance between the interests of integrating and excluded countries.
Book Synopsis Regionalism in Standards by : Maggie Xiaoyang Chen
Download or read book Regionalism in Standards written by Maggie Xiaoyang Chen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regional agreements on standards have been largely ignored by economists and unconditionally blessed by multilateral trade rules. The authors find, theoretically and empirically, that such agreements increase trade between participating countries but not necessarily with the rest of the world. Adopting a common standard in a region-that is, harmonization-boosts exports of excluded industrial countries to the region. But it reduces exports of excluded developing countries, possibly because developing country firms are hurt more by an increase in the stringency of standards and benefit less from economies of scale in integrated markets. Mutual recognition agreements are more uniformly trade promoting unless they contain restrictive rules of origin, in which case intra-regional trade increases at the expense of trade with other, especially developing, countries. The authors propose a modification of international trade rules to strike a better balance between the interests of integrating and excluded countries.
Book Synopsis Regionalism in Standards by : Maggie Xiaoyang Chen
Download or read book Regionalism in Standards written by Maggie Xiaoyang Chen and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "Regional agreements on standards have been largely ignored by economists and unconditionally blessed by multilateral trade rules. Chen and Mattoo find, theoretically and empirically, that such agreements increase trade between participating countries but not necessarily with the rest of the world. Adopting a common standard in a Region--that is, harmonization--boosts exports of excluded industrial countries to the region. But it reduces exports of excluded developing countries, possibly because developing country firms are hurt more by an increase in the stringency of standards and benefit less from economies of scale in integrated markets. Mutual recognition agreements are more uniformly trade promoting unless they contain restrictive rules of origin, in which case intra-regional trade increases at the expense of trade with other, especially developing, countries. The authors propose a modification of international trade rules to strike a better balance between the interests of integrating and excluded countries. This paper--a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the implications for trade of agreements on standards"--World Bank web site.
Book Synopsis Regionalism in Standards by : Maggie Xiaoyang Chen
Download or read book Regionalism in Standards written by Maggie Xiaoyang Chen and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regional agreements on standards have been largely ignored by economists and blessed by multilateral trade rules. Using a constructed panel data that identifies the different types of agreements at the industry level, we find that such agreements increase the trade between participating countries but not necessarily with the rest of the world. Harmonization of standards may reduce the exports of excluded countries, especially in markets that have raised the stringency of standards. Mutual recognition agreements are more uniformly trade promoting unless they contain restrictive rules of origin, in which case intra-regional trade increases at the expense of imports from other countries. Les accords régionaux sur les normes ont été grandement ignorés par les économistes mais consacrés dans les règles multilatérales de commerce. Utilisant des données de panels qui identifient les différents types d'accord au niveau de l'industrie, on découvre que ces accords augmentent le commerce entre les pays participants, mais pas nécessairement avec le reste du monde. L'harmonisation des normes peut réduire les exportations des pays exclus, en particulier dans les marchés qui ont relevé leurs normes. Les accords de reconnaissance mutuelle promeuvent plus uniformément l'augmentation du commerce à moins qu'ils ne contiennent des restrictions quant aux pays d'origine. Dans ce dernier cas, les accroissements dans le commerce intra-régional se font aux dépens des importations en provenance des autres pays.
Book Synopsis Regionalism versus Multilateral Trade Arrangements by : Takatoshi Ito
Download or read book Regionalism versus Multilateral Trade Arrangements written by Takatoshi Ito and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1997-10-15 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is no doubt that the open multilateral trading system after World War II was a key ingredient in the rapid economic development of the entire world. Especially in Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan, exports increased dramatically both in absolute terms and as a percentage of GNP. In the 1980s, however, preferential trading arrangements (PTAs) began to emerge as significant factors affecting world trade. This volume contains thirteen papers that analyze the tensions between multilateral trading systems and preferential trade arrangements and the impact of these tensions on East Asia. The first four chapters introduce PTAs conceptually and focus on the unique political issues that these agreements involve. The next five essays present more direct empirical analyses of existing PTAs and their economic effects, primarily in East Asia. The last four papers concentrate on the outcomes of individual East Asian nations' trading policies in specific instances of preferential agreements.
Book Synopsis Essays on Regionalism in Standards, International Trade, and Multinationals by : Xiaoyang Chen
Download or read book Essays on Regionalism in Standards, International Trade, and Multinationals written by Xiaoyang Chen and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Multilateralizing Regionalism by : Richard Baldwin
Download or read book Multilateralizing Regionalism written by Richard Baldwin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-02-19 with total page 743 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regional trade agreements (RTAs) have proliferated around the world in the past two decades, and now nearly all members of the WTO are party to at least one. Besides tariffs and rules of origin regulating trade in goods, many RTAs now include provisions on services, investments, technical barriers to trade and competition rules, as well as a host of issues not directly related to trade. The geographic reach of RTAs is expanding, with transcontinental agreements spreading forcefully alongside intra-regional agreements. 'Multilateralizing Regionalism' was the title of a major conference held from 10–12 September 2007 at the WTO in Geneva. Brought together in this publication, the conference papers achieve two things. First, they marshall detailed, new empirical work on the nature of the 'Spaghetti Bowl' and the problems it poses for the multilateral trade system. Second, they contribute fresh and creative thinking on how to 'tame the tangle' of regional trade agreements.
Book Synopsis Regional Approaches to Better Standards Systems by : Enrique Aldaz-Carroll
Download or read book Regional Approaches to Better Standards Systems written by Enrique Aldaz-Carroll and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Developing countries face an increasing need to upgrade the standards of their domestic markets and of their exports. This paper examines different approaches available to them for upgrading their standards and conformity assessment procedures. It focuses particularly on those followed within the context of regional trade agreements (RTAs), as these are yielding promising results. Based on interviews performed in Latin America and on previous literature, the paper draws common features of a RTA standard and conformity assessment upgrading and harmonization process, identifies some of its main challenges, and suggests principles that developing countries could follow in such a process."--World Bank web site.
Book Synopsis Multilateralism Versus Regionalism by : Meine Pieter van Dijk
Download or read book Multilateralism Versus Regionalism written by Meine Pieter van Dijk and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-06-28 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The issue of regionalism versus multilateral agreements such as the Uruguay Round remains a crucial one, as is argued in the first five chapters of this volume.
Book Synopsis Old Issues in New Regionalism by : Christopher Charles Findlay
Download or read book Old Issues in New Regionalism written by Christopher Charles Findlay and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regionalism and Trade Facilitation: A Primer by : Jean-Christophe Maur
Download or read book Regionalism and Trade Facilitation: A Primer written by Jean-Christophe Maur and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates when trade facilitation reform should be undertaken at the regional level. First, looking at both efficiency and implementation considerations, it confirms the perception that the regional dimension matters. Investigating where efficiency gains can be made, this research explains why national markets alone fail to produce the full scale economies and positive externalities of trade facilitation reform. Second, because trade facilitation policies need to address coordination and capacity failures, and because of the operational complexity challenge, the choice of the adequate platform for delivering reform is crucial. The lessons are that regional trade agreements offer good prospects of comprehensive and effective reform and can effectively complement multilateral and national initiatives. However, examples of implementation of trade facilitation reform in regional agreements do not seem to indicate that regional integration approaches have been more successful than trade facilitation through specific cooperation agreements or other efforts, multilateral or unilateral. Customs unions may be an exception here, and the author suggests reasons why this could be the case.
Book Synopsis Regionalism and Multilateralism After the Uruguay Round by : Paul Demaret
Download or read book Regionalism and Multilateralism After the Uruguay Round written by Paul Demaret and published by P.I.E-Peter Lang S.A., Editions Scientifiques Internationales. This book was released on 1997 with total page 878 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyses the relationship between regional trade agreements and multilateral trade regulation in the wake of the Uruguay Round held in Liege, October 1996. The first part of the book is devoted to a comparative analysis of the major trade agreements in Europe, the Americas and the Asia Pacific Area. Covers also an emerging new form of inter-regionalism. The second part presents a comparative analysis of the treatment of selected issues under the major regional trade agreements in the world and their relation with existing or emerging multilateral rules. Finally, discusses the extent to which multilateral rules acted as a constraint on regional trade arrangements under the GATT or the new WTO.
Book Synopsis Comparative Regionalism by : Etel Solingen
Download or read book Comparative Regionalism written by Etel Solingen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-07-11 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprises key essays on comparative regionalism and, more broadly, on regional conflict and cooperation by Professor Etel Solingen. The study of regionalism, a subject pioneered by Solingen in the 1990s, is now an established field of inquiry, with a large community of scholars and practitioners around the world. This book provides a window into an evolving conceptual framework for comparing regional arrangements, with a special emphasis on non-European regions. Framed by a comprehensive, previously unpublished introduction, the chapters provide a broad spectrum of analysis on domestic political economy, democracy, regional institutions, and global forces as they shape different regional outcomes and trajectories in economics and security. Themes as different as the regional effects of democratization in the Middle East and East Asia, the rise of China, Euro-Mediterranean relations, and regional nuclear trajectories are traced back to a common analytical core. The nature of domestic ruling coalitions serves as the pivotal analytical anchor explaining the effects of globalization and economic reform on different regional arrangements. This collection provides a focal point that brings this work together in a new light and will be of much interest to students of regionalism, international relations theory, international and comparative political economy, international history and grand strategy.
Book Synopsis Cross Regional Trade Agreements by : Saori N. Katada
Download or read book Cross Regional Trade Agreements written by Saori N. Katada and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-24 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An unacknowledged key feature of East Asian FTA diplomacy is the region's active cross-regional preferential trading relations. In sharp contrast to the Americas and Europe, where cross-regional initiatives gained strength after the consolidation of regional trade integration, East Asian governments negotiate trade deals with partners outside of their region at an early stage in their FTA policies. The book asks three main questions: Are there regional factors in East Asia encouraging countries to explore cross-regionalism early on? What are the most important criteria behind the cross-regional partner selection? How do cross-regional FTSs (CRTAs) influence their intra-regional trade initiatives? Through detailed country case studies from China, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Thailand and Malaysia, we show the ways in which these governments seek to leverage their CRTAs in the pursuit of intra-regional trade integration objectives, a process that yields a much more permeated regionalism.
Book Synopsis Multilateralism Or Regionalism? by : Guido Glania
Download or read book Multilateralism Or Regionalism? written by Guido Glania and published by CEPS. This book was released on 2005 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new book highlights the multifaceted effects of regional trade agreements and outlines the strategic options for EU trade policy. It points out what is new about this most recent phase of regionalism and analyzes the effects on economic welfare and trade transaction costs. The authors draw upon elements of game theory to explore a self-reinforcing mechanism that is resulting in a potentially damaging race for markets. They focus in particular on the multiple impacts of regionalism on the WTO and the multilateral trading order. The book arrives at an opportune time, as the Doha Round is reaching a critical phase.
Book Synopsis Regionalism versus Multilateralism by : L. Alan Winters
Download or read book Regionalism versus Multilateralism written by L. Alan Winters and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: November 1996 Do the forces that regional integration arrangements set up encourage or discourage a trend toward globally freer trade? We don't know yet. The literature on regionalism versus multilateralism is growing as economists and political scientists grapple with the question of whether regional integration arrangements are good or bad for the multilateral system. Are regional integration arrangements building blocks or stumbling blocks, in Jagdish Bhagwati's phrase, or stepping stones toward multilateralism? As economists worry about the ability of the World Trade Organization to maintain the GATT's unsteady yet distinct momentum toward liberalism, and as they contemplate the emergence of world-scale regional integration arrangements (the EU, NAFTA, FTAA, APEC, and, possibly, TAFTA), the question has never been more pressing. Winters switches the focus from the immediate consequences of regionalism for the economic welfare of the integrating partners to the question of whether it sets up forces that encourage or discourage evolution toward globally freer trade. The answer is, We don't know yet. One can build models that suggest either conclusion, but these models are still so abstract that they should be viewed as parables rather than sources of testable predictions. Winters offers conclusions about research strategy as well as about the world we live in. Among the conclusions he reaches: * Since we value multilateralism, we had better work out what it means and, if it means different things to different people, make sure to identify the sense in which we are using the term. * Sector-specific lobbies are a danger if regionalism is permitted because they tend to stop blocs from moving all the way to global free trade. In the presence of lobbies, trade diversion is good politics even if it is bad economics. * Regionalism's direct effect on multilateralism is important, but possibly more so is the indirect effect it has by changing the ways in which groups of countries interact and respond to shocks in the world economy. * Regionalism, by allowing stronger internalization of the gains from trade liberalization, seems likely to facilitate freer trade when it is initially highly restricted. * The possibility of regionalism probably increases the risks of catastrophe in the trading system. The insurance incentives for joining regional arrangements and the existence of shiftable externalities both lead to such a conclusion. So too does the view that regionalism is a means to bring trade partners to the multilateral negotiating table because it is essentially coercive. Using regionalism for this purpose may have been an effective strategy, but it is also risky. This paper - a product of the International Trade Division, International Economics Department - was prepared for a conference on regional integration sponsored by the Centre for Economic Policy Research, La Coru-a, Spain, April 26-27, 1996, and will appear in the conference proceedings.
Book Synopsis Roads to Regionalism by : Tanja A. Börzel
Download or read book Roads to Regionalism written by Tanja A. Börzel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past few decades states all around the globe have intensified institutionalized cooperation at the regional level. To deepen our understanding of state-led regionalism, the authors use an analytical framework comprising four main strands. First, they describe and explain the genesis and growth of regional organizations. Second, they account for institutional design, looking at important similarities and differences. Third, they examine the interaction between organizations and member states in an attempt to reveal factors that shape the level of commitment to and compliance with regional initiatives. Finally, they consider the impact of regional organizations on their member states. They conclude by providing a foundation for future research on the dynamic development of regionalism.
