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Regional Redistribution Through The Us Mortgage Market
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Book Synopsis Regional Redistribution Through the U.S. Mortgage Market by : Erik Hurst
Download or read book Regional Redistribution Through the U.S. Mortgage Market written by Erik Hurst and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrated tax and transfer system together with factor mobility can help mitigate local shocks within monetary and fiscal unions. In this paper we explore the role of a new mechanism that may also be central to determining the welfare effects of regional shocks. The degree to which households can use borrowing to smooth location-specific risks depends crucially on the interest rate and how it varies with local economic conditions. In the U.S., the bulk of borrowing occurs through the mortgage market and is heavily influenced by the presence of government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs). We empirically establish that despite large spatial variation in predictable default risk, there is essentially no spatial variation in GSE mortgage rates, conditional on borrower observables. In contrast, we show that the private market does set interest rates based in part on regional risk factors and postulate that the lack of regional variation in GSE mortgage rates is likely driven by political pressure. We quantify the economic impact of the national interest rate policy on regional risk by building a structural spatial model of collateralized borrowing to match various features from our empirical analysis. The model suggests that the national interest rate policy has significant ex-post redistributional consequences across regions.
Download or read book Foreclosed written by Daniel Immergluck and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2011-07-20 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last two years, the United States has observed, with some horror, the explosion and collapse of entire segments of the housing market, especially those driven by subprime and alternative or "exotic" home mortgage lending. The unfortunately timely Foreclosed explains the rise of high-risk lending and why these newer types of loans—and their associated regulatory infrastructure—failed in substantial ways. Dan Immergluck narrates the boom in subprime and exotic loans, recounting how financial innovations and deregulation facilitated excessive risk-taking, and how these loans have harmed different populations and communities. Immergluck, who has been working, researching, and writing on issues tied to housing finance and neighborhood change for almost twenty years, has an intimate knowledge of the promotion of homeownership and the history of mortgages in the United States. The changes to the mortgage market over the past fifteen years—including the securitization of mortgages and the failure of regulators to maintain control over a much riskier array of mortgage products—led, he finds, inexorably to the current crisis. After describing the development of generally stable and risk-limiting mortgage markets throughout much of the twentieth century, Foreclosed details how federal policy-makers failed to regulate the new high-risk lending markets that arose in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The book also examines federal, state, and local efforts to deal with the mortgage and foreclosure crisis of 2007 and 2008. Immergluck draws upon his wealth of experience to provide an overarching set of principles and a detailed set of policy recommendations for "righting the ship" of U.S. housing finance in ways that will promote affordable yet sustainable homeownership as an option for a broad set of households and communities.
Book Synopsis Secondary Mortgage Markets & Place-Based Inequality by : Michael Norton
Download or read book Secondary Mortgage Markets & Place-Based Inequality written by Michael Norton and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Secondary Mortgage Markets and Place-Based Inequality: Space, GSEs and Social Exclusion in the Philadelphia Region Michael H. Norton Temple University, 2015 Doctoral Advisory Committee Chair: Dr. Anne Shlay In 2015 virtually the entire US mortgage market is subsidized by US taxpayers. When the Federal Government took control of the Government Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs) Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in the summer of 2008, US tax payers assumed responsibility for the vast majority of outstanding mortgage debt in the country. This dissertation examined the historical development and contemporary activity of the secondary mortgage market to understand the way the secondary market contributes to the reproduction of place-based inequality in American cities. Specifically, this dissertation analyzed the political-economic history of the secondary mortgage market to ground a contemporary analysis of the impact of secondary mortgage market activity on neighborhood change in the Philadelphia region at the turn of the 21st century. At the turn of the 21st century secondary market institutions coordinated a financial production process referred to in this study as the financialization of space. This process transforms the individual spatial relationships between individuals and their homes into financial commodities that are bought and sold by financial institutions. Individual mortgage loans make the financialization of space possible by providing the raw material that transmits capital embedded in the social spaces of individual homes and communities through secondary market institutions and into the abstract spaces of international capital markets. However, the financialization of space itself is made possible by a number of key contradictions that created considerable tension between the ongoing expansion of finacialized space and mortgage lending to individual home owners. These tensions were built into the very framework of the legislative policies governing the secondary mortgage market. The evolution of the secondary mortgage market was informed by parallel streams of housing policy that alternately sought to expand and regulate the primary and secondary mortgage markets at the end of the 20th century. The confluence of these policy streams initially created the conditions for the GSEs to pioneer financial productions processes that led to the financializaiton of space. At the same time, the emergence of subprime lending in the primary market, combined with the expansion of the secondary mortgage market to unregulated, private institutions, created dual housing markets differentiated by the types of loans available in the primary market and the funding sources for these loans in the secondary market. Throughout the study period (1996 - 2007), the GSEs concentrated the vast majority of all their purchasing activity buying conventional loans in the more affluent areas of the region. On the other hand, private institutions steadily eroded GSE market share in the conventional market, represented virtually the entire secondary market for subprime loans, and were considerably more active purchasing loans made to borrowers in communities that had been historically excluded from the primary mortgage market. Secondary market activity from 1996 to 2007 was significantly associated with changes along key housing and socio-economic conditions from 1990 to 2010. GSE market share was significantly associated with changing homeownership levels in neighborhoods throughout the region from 1990 to 2010. Higher levels of GSE market share were associated with net increases in homeownership in neighborhoods throughout the region. In a similar way, GSE-informed changes in homeownership levels were subsequently associated with significant changes in the percentage of residents living in poverty in neighborhoods throughout the region from 1990 to 2010, particularly on the Pennsylvania side of the region. Unlike the relationship between secondary market purchasing and homeownership, the relationship between secondary market purchasing and poverty levels functions through housing - either by virtue of more affluent residents moving in, or poor residents moving out of these areas. In both instances, GSE market share, and GSE-informed changes in homeownership sharpened differences between the different communities depending on where the GSEs concentrated their purchasing activity. The region's urban centers, where GSE market share was lowest, experienced the greatest reductions in home ownership throughout the region, and the greatest increases in neighborhood poverty levels. In addition, the spatial relationships between individual neighborhoods exerted significant influences on changes in each of the housing and socio-economic indicators assessed. These findings suggest that space itself, and the spatial relationships between neighborhoods, exerted a significant influence on both secondary market activity and changing neighborhood conditions throughout the Philadelphia region. Over the twenty year period observed in this study, the types of differences between neighborhoods in the region have remained largely the same, while the degree of these differences has intensified during this time. In this way, the spatial distribution of neighborhood types in the Philadelphia region informed secondary market at the turn of the 21st century, which in turn contributed to the intensification of the differences between neighborhood types throughout the region. The findings presented in this study point to a number of key implications for theorists seeking to explain the role of space and place in the (re)production of patterns of uneven-development in metropolitan regions, and for understanding the financializaiton of space. In addition, these findings also point to key insights for policy makers currently developing legislation to reform the secondary mortgage market.
Book Synopsis Regional Mortgage Rate Differences : an Analysis of the Impact of FHLMC Activity by : Brian Maris
Download or read book Regional Mortgage Rate Differences : an Analysis of the Impact of FHLMC Activity written by Brian Maris and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1971 the FHLMC has engaged in secondary market activity in conventional mortgages. One of the purposes of this has been to improve interregional flows of funds in the mortgage market and hence reduce regional differences in mortgage rates. The empirical analysis reported in this note concludes that the secondary market activity of the FHLMC has been successful in reducing regional mortgage rate differences.
Book Synopsis The Rise and Fall of the US Mortgage and Credit Markets by : James Barth
Download or read book The Rise and Fall of the US Mortgage and Credit Markets written by James Barth and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-06-22 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mortgage meltdown: what went wrong and how do we fix it? Owning a home can bestow a sense of security and independence. But today, in a cruel twist, many Americans now regard their homes as a source of worry and dashed expectations. How did everything go haywire? And what can we do about it now? In The Rise and Fall of the U.S. Mortgage and Credit Markets, renowned finance expert James Barth offers a comprehensive examination of the mortgage meltdown. Together with a team of economists at the Milken Institute, he explores the shock waves that have rippled through the entire financial sector and the real economy. Deploying an incredibly detailed and extensive set of data, the book offers in-depth analysis of the mortgage meltdown and the resulting worldwide financial crisis. This authoritative volume explores what went wrong in every critical area, including securitization, loan origination practices, regulation and supervision, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, leverage and accounting practices, and of course, the rating agencies. The authors explain the steps the government has taken to address the crisis thus far, arguing that we have yet to address the larger issues. Offers a comprehensive examination of the mortgage market meltdown and its reverberations throughout the financial sector and the real economy Explores several important issues that policymakers must address in any future reshaping of financial market regulations Addresses how we can begin to move forward and prevent similar crises from shaking the foundations of our financial system The Rise and Fall of the U.S. Mortgage and Credit Markets analyzes the factors that should drive reform and explores the issues that policymakers must confront in any future reshaping of financial market regulations.
Book Synopsis Subprime Cities by : Manuel B. Aalbers
Download or read book Subprime Cities written by Manuel B. Aalbers and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-19 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subprime Cities: The Political Economy of Mortgage Markets presents a collection of works from social scientists that offer insights into mortgage markets and the causes, effects, and aftermath of the recent 'subprime' mortgage crisis. Provides an even-handed and detailed analysis of mortgage markets and the recent housing crisis Features contributions from various social scientists with expertise in critical social theories who have assembled and analyzed detailed empirical information Offers a unique and powerful rebuttal to many of the misleading popular explanations of the crisis and its aftermath Reveals how racial minorities and the neighbourhoods inhabited by them are more likely to be targeted by subprime and predatory lenders
Book Synopsis The Dual Mortgage Market by : William C. Apgar
Download or read book The Dual Mortgage Market written by William C. Apgar and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Financing the American Dream by : Veronica Rae Chapa
Download or read book Financing the American Dream written by Veronica Rae Chapa and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Texas border is facing a housing crisis. With colonias in the rural outskirts, burgeoning population in the urban centers and decreasing affordability of homes throughout the region, more types of housing solutions should be evaluated. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of the Secondary Mortgage Market Finance Institutions in contributing to affordable housing along the border region. Initially, this study examines the level of significance of the housing problem along the Texas/Mexico border and determines how income restricts the scope of solving the problem through the present system. Next, this work studies the role that Secondary Mortgage Market Finance Institutions have as an actor in contributing to mortgage lending along the border. Finally, this piece evaluates whether the outcomes of the federal guidelines are sufficient to meet the mortgage needs of the population. In conclusion, pattern shifts indicate an increased provision of mortgage lending through the secondary mortgage market, but more assistance should be directed toward lower income families
Book Synopsis Innovation in the US Mortgage Market to 1990 by : Jeffrey N. Tuchman
Download or read book Innovation in the US Mortgage Market to 1990 written by Jeffrey N. Tuchman and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mortgage Reform and the Federal Role in the Secondary Mortgage Market by : Alfred T. Francis
Download or read book Mortgage Reform and the Federal Role in the Secondary Mortgage Market written by Alfred T. Francis and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The federal government assumed control of the ailing Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) in 2008, two institutions that facilitate the flow of funding for home loans nationwide. The cost to taxpayers of that takeover, and the structural weaknesses that contributed to the institutions' financial problems, have prompted policymakers to consider various alternatives for the government's future role in the secondary (resale) market for residential mortgages. This book examines how Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac evolved into the institutions they are today and the rationales that are often cited for federal involvement in the secondary mortgage market and the problems that existed with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac before the recent financial crisis.
Download or read book Regional Mortgage Market Guide written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis No Shopping in the U.S. Mortgage Market by : Alexei Alexandrov
Download or read book No Shopping in the U.S. Mortgage Market written by Alexei Alexandrov and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We document and analyze price dispersion in the U.S. mortgage market. We find significant price dispersion in posted prices in the retail channel: for example, a consumer with a prime credit score and with a 20% down payment for a conforming loan might see a spread in interest rates of 50 basis points, controlling for all relevant consumer/property characteristics, including discount points. This amounts to extra 342 dollars per year, for every 100,000 of the loan. We also show, from survey evidence, that close to half of consumers did not shop before taking out a mortgage, and that most consumers do not seem to realize that there is price dispersion. Using a proprietary dataset of lenders' ratesheets, we estimate an equilibrium model of costly search where majority of consumers hold incorrect beliefs regarding price dispersion. In addition to search costs, we show that non-price factors, such as consumer preference of one lender over another, also play an important role in preventing consumers from searching more. In one of our counterfactuals, we show that if 20% of consumers had obtained one extra quote, consumers would save $4 billion dollars a year, most coming from the indirect/equilibrium effect of firms lowering prices in response to more shopping. In another counterfactual, we show that if consumers were to focus on mortgage cost only, they would save about $9 billion dollars a year.
Book Synopsis Investigating The Dual Mortgage Market by : Frances M. Barlas
Download or read book Investigating The Dual Mortgage Market written by Frances M. Barlas and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines the overlap of the racial composition of a neighborhood and the existence of a dual mortgage market in which prime and subprime lenders serve different neighborhoods and borrowers. Does subprime lending represent the democratization of credit or does it serve to track people by race? This dissertation employs Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Data, U.S. Census Data and the HUD Subprime Lender List to identify subprime loans. I use Hierarchical Linear Modeling to predict the likelihood of subprime for a borrower in Philadelphia, Baltimore, San Francisco and Alameda County California. The findings demonstrate that blacks and borrowers in black neighborhoods have a higher likelihood of originating a subprime loan than whites or borrowers in white neighborhoods. Further, blacks borrowing in largely white neighborhoods have an even higher likelihood of originating a subprime loan compared to their white neighbors than do blacks borrowing in largely black neighborhoods. These findings indicate that subprime lenders not only serve different neighborhoods, but also different borrowers regardless of the neighborhood in which they are borrowing and support the existence of a dual mortgage market that is defined by race. The results from the analysis examining the consequences of subprime lending for neighborhoods indicate that after controlling for neighborhood characteristics, the positive relationship between earlier and later rates of subprime lending disappears. Also, while higher rates of subprime refinance lending were associated with a decrease in neighborhood median income in 2000, subprime lending was associated with positive changes in median house value and percent of homeowners that are black in the neighborhood, although the effects of subprime on median house value disappeared after controlling for neighborhood conditions. The study points to the continued difficulties that black borrowers and borrowers in black neighborhoods face in obtaining a fair loan. As lending practices are reformed, it is important to keep in mind the need to ensure that minority borrowers who are in the position to afford a home loan maintain the ability to get a loan, but increased care must be taken to ensure that they obtain the ability to do so on fair terms.
Book Synopsis The Secondary Mortgage Market in the U.S. Economy by : John H. Boyd
Download or read book The Secondary Mortgage Market in the U.S. Economy written by John H. Boyd and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Changes in the Residential Mortgage Market by : N. Eric Weiss
Download or read book Changes in the Residential Mortgage Market written by N. Eric Weiss and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Research Handbook of Financial Markets by : Refet S. Gürkaynak
Download or read book Research Handbook of Financial Markets written by Refet S. Gürkaynak and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-05-09 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Research Handbook of Financial Markets carefully discusses the histories and current states of the most important financial markets and institutions, as well as explicitly underscoring open questions that need study. By describing the institutional structure of different markets and highlighting recent changes within them, it accurately highlights their evolving nature.
Book Synopsis Do Lenders Make Less-Informed Investments in High-Growth Housing Markets? by : Sophia Chen
Download or read book Do Lenders Make Less-Informed Investments in High-Growth Housing Markets? written by Sophia Chen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-05-27 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonlocal mortgage lenders with greater exposure to high-growth housing markets accept fewer loan applications in these markets and experience greater stock return volatility. When these lenders expand to high-growth markets, they also ration credit to a significantly greater degree than when they ex-pand to other markets. Mean-variance analyses show that nonlocal lenders’ exposure to high-growth markets is associated with more risk, more efficiency, and more return on mortgage portfolios. Overall, these results imply that expansion to high-growth markets leads to a decline in screening and riskier investment by nonlocal lenders, which may reflect a risk–return tradeoff in their portfolio strategy.
