Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Download Regional Integration And Factor Income Taxation full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Regional Integration And Factor Income Taxation ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Author : Valeria De Bonis
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Regional Integration and Factor Income Taxation written by Valeria De Bonis and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Valeria de Bonis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Regional Integration and Factor Income Taxation written by Valeria de Bonis and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even if concerted agreeme ...
Author : De Valeria Bonis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (913 download)
Download or read book Regional Integration and Factor Income Taxation written by De Valeria Bonis and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: November 1997 Even if concerted agreements might help reduce inefficiencies resulting from regional differences in income tax, making regional taxes uniform may not be the best solution to the problem-but imposing a minimum tax rate could be. De Bonis analyzes (both theoretically and empirically) the international distortions and fiscal interdependence that arise because of different tax rates among a region's countries. She also studies what happens when the countries try to harmonize taxes, focusing on how the countries' size influences results, how strategic behavior changes under different international tax rules, and what happens to relationships with countries excluded from the integration process. Among her findings: * In the case of highly mobile factors, such as financial capital, competition involves the risk of tax rates and revenues being brought down to extremely low levels, so some form of concerted agreement seems necessary, although cooperation need not involve tax rate uniformity. But regional agreements might be ineffective when factors can move to the rest of the world. * In the case of less mobile factors, such as physical capital, competition would not yield the outcome of extremely low tax rates. Then the need for concerted international intervention is weaker. But international coordination in the form of imposing a minimum tax rate might be beneficial in some cases. * As for taxing foreign direct investment in developing countries, in the context of regional North-South integration agreements, it is possible that differences in the countries' objective functions eliminate the incentive for strategic reactions. In the context of South-South agreements, incentives for the integrating, capital-importing countries to compete with each other are determined by the kind of tax system chosen in the capital-exporting rest of the world. In the case of exemption, competition would drive capital income tax rates down. In the case of a credit system, competition would take place only in tariffs (or other trade taxes). What is required then is an agreement not on capital income taxes but on a common external tariff. * In the presence of migration costs or a link between the tax rates on mobile and immobile factors, the absence of coordination does not lead to a zero tax rate on mobile factors. Both countries' welfare can be improved by imposing a minimum tax rate, but not a uniform tax rate. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of background work for the group's program on regionalism and development.
Author : Vito Tanzi
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815723008
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)
Download or read book Taxation in an Integrating World written by Vito Tanzi and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2000-07-26 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tanzi explores how foreign taxes on repatriated income should be treated; how profits, sales, and ownership of property should be allocated among countries; and to what degree various taxes should be coordinated. As global markets for goods, services and financial assets have become increasingly integrated, national governments no longer have as much control over economic markets. With the completion of the Uruguay Round of the GATT talks, the world economy has entered a fresh phase requiring different rules and different levels of international cooperation. Policies once thought to be entirely domestic and appropriately determined by national political institutions, are now subject to international constraints. Cogent analysis of this deeper integration of the world economy, and guidelines for government policies, are urgent priorities. This series aims to meet these needs over a range of 21 books by some of the world's leading economists, political scientists, foreign policy specialists and government officials. A volume of Brookings' Integrating National Economies Series
Author : Hilary Appel
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 0472117769
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (721 download)
Download or read book Tax Politics in Eastern Europe written by Hilary Appel and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2011-07-08 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamental shifts in Eastern European tax policy
Author : James Alm
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781782545811
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (458 download)
Download or read book Tax Reform in Developing Countries written by James Alm and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades countries around the world have seen a wide diversity of tax reforms, both in major systematic changes, and through more specific areas of tax, such as value-added and income tax. The results of these reforms, however, have been unequal, and many issues remain unresolved. With advances in globalization, technology and regional integration, the issue of adapting tax systems in developing countries to new economic environments is becoming ever more pressing. This research review surveys the best research from the past three decades on tax reform in developing countries to highlight the state of knowledge of tax reform, analyse useful policy options and present new and critical approaches to this critical issue.
Author : Mario Mansour
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484338774
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)
Download or read book Tax Coordination, Tax Competition, and Revenue Mobilization in the West African Economic and Monetary Union written by Mario Mansour and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-07-09 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We review the current state of the West African Economic and Monetary Union’s tax coordination framework, against the main objectives of the WAEMU Treaty of 1994: reduce distortions to intra-community trade, and mobilize domestic tax revenue. The process of tax coordination in WAEMU is one of the most advanced in the world—de jure at least—, but remains in many areas ineffective de facto. Nevertheless, the framework has, to some extent, succeeded in converging tax systems, particularly statutory tax rates, and may have contributed to improving revenue mobilisation. Important lessons can be drawn from the WAEMU experience, particularly in terms of whether coordination should take the form of harmonization through a top-down approach, or a softer approach of sharing best practice and limiting certain types of tax competition.
Author : Valeria De Bonis
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Regional Integration and Commodity Tax Harmonization written by Valeria De Bonis and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Maurice W. Schiff
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Regional Integration as Diplomacy written by Maurice W. Schiff and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: August 1997 This paper explores a world in which regional trade agreements help reduce security tensions between neighbors. Regional integration agreements (RIAs) are examples of second best and have an ambiguous impact on welfare, contend Schiff and Winters. They build a model in which RIAs unambiguously raise welfare by correcting for externalities. It assumes that trade between neighboring countries increases trust between them and reduces the likelihood of conflict. The optimum intervention in that case is a subsidy on imports from the neighbor. The authors show that an equivalent solution is for the neighboring countries to tax imports from the rest of the world- is, to form an RIA- with imposing some domestic taxes. In fact, security threats have moved neighboring countries to form RIAs. Examples include the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community (1951) and the European Economic Community (1957) to reduce the threat of war in Europe, as well as various RIAs among developing countries. Schiff and Winters show, among other things, that: * The optimum tariffs on imports from the rest of the world are likely to decline over time. * Deep integration implies lower optimum external tariffs if it is exogenous. * But if deep integration is endogenous, it implies higher optimum external tariffs before it occurs and lower ones thereafter. * Enlargement of a bloc (in terms of symmetric countries) has an ambiguous impact on external tariffs but improves welfare, and some form of domino effect exists in the sense that enlargement increases the incentive for nonmembers to seek accession. Although externalities associated with security matters imply that an RIA may maximize welfare, this model suggests that the RIA is a transitory arrangement in the sense that optimum trade preferences are highest at the time the RIA is formed (when security is low) and tend to decline over time. In other words, the RIA's external trade policy becomes increasingly open over time (as well as following deep integration). This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of a larger research program on regionalism and development (directed by the authors).
Author : Assaf Razin
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226705889
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (267 download)
Download or read book Taxation in the Global Economy written by Assaf Razin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing globalization of economic activity is bringing an awareness of the international consequences of tax policy. The move toward the common European market in 1992 raises the important question of how inefficiencies in the various tax systems—such as self-defeating tax competition among member nations—will be addressed. As barriers to trade and investment tumble, cross-national differences in tax structures may loom larger and create incentives for relocations of capital and labor; and efficient and equitable income tax systems are becoming more difficult to administer and enforce, particularly because of the growing importance of multinational enterprises. What will be the role of tax policy in this more integrated world economy? Assaf Razin and Joel Slemrod gathered experts from two traditionally distinct specialties, taxation and international economics, to lay the groundwork for understanding these issues, which will require the attention of scholars and policymakers for years to come. Contributors describe the basic provisions of the U.S. tax code with respect to international transactions, highlighting the changes contained in the U.S. Tax Reform Act of 1986; explore the ways that tax systems influence the decisions of multinationals; examine the effect of taxation on trade patterns and capital flows; and discuss the implications of the opening world economy for the design of optimal international tax policy. The papers will prove valuable not only to scholars and students, but to government economists and international tax lawyers as well.
Author : Shu-Chien Chen
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9403532963
Total Pages : 471 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (35 download)
Download or read book Towards a Neutral Formulary Apportionment System in Regional Integration written by Shu-Chien Chen and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2023-03-09 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International tax regimes and practices are heavily criticized for failing to fairly levy corporate tax on giant multinational taxpayers in the current globalized and digitalized world. This important and far-seeing book demonstrates how formulary apportionment (FA) – an approach by which a multinational corporation pays each jurisdiction’s corporate tax based on the share of its worldwide income allocated to that jurisdiction – can achieve the much-sought goal of aligning value creation and taxation. The author, through an intensive analysis of the European Union’s (EU’s) Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base (CCCTB) Directive Proposal(s) and comparison to the United States (US’s) formulary apportionment experience, shows how the perceived problems with an FA system can be overcome and lays out the necessary elements for its feasibility. With detailed attention to the debates around formulary apportionment and its theoretical foundations, the book provides a blueprint for rebuilding the normative framework for the EU’s tax reform by clearly analysing the implications of the following and more: theorising public benefits to be represented by taxation; reorganising different economic theories about tax neutrality and tax justice; advancing the comparative legal research methodology to analyse law reform by combining the functional approach and the problem-solving approach; designing the logical formulary apportionment system for digital economy; ensuring the removal of the incentive for multinationals to shift reported income to low-tax locations; reducing the tax system’s complexity and the administrative burden it imposes on firms; eliminating transfer pricing complexity for intra-firm transactions; achieving equal weighting of the sales factor, the labour factor, and the asset factor in the formula; application of ‘destination-based’ rule for attributing the sales factor; and replacing the traditional permanent establishment nexus with a ‘factor presence nexus’. The presentation incorporates extensive comparison between the EU’s formulary apportionment tax reform option and FA systems existing in the United States (US) at state level, including reference to relevant US case law and legislation. As a possible option to address the problem of base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS), formulary apportionment is gaining increasing acceptance and attention. This book will prove invaluable to taxation authorities, tax practitioners, and scholars in its deeply informed and systematic guidance on good practices and prevention of problematic experiences in establishing and implementing an effective and market-neutral FA system.
Author : Willi Leibfritz
Publisher : OECD
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)
Download or read book Taxation and Economic Performance written by Willi Leibfritz and published by OECD. This book was released on 1997 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the effects of taxation on economic performance, adds marginally to the empirical literature, and draws conclusions for tax policy in OECD countries.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498339247
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)
Download or read book Revenue Mobilization in Developing Countries written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-08-03 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fund has long played a lead role in supporting developing countries’ efforts to improve their revenue mobilization. This paper draws on that experience to review issues and good practice, and to assess prospects in this key area.
Author : Miroslav Jovanovic
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 9780415166737
Total Pages : 834 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (667 download)
Download or read book International Economic Integration: Monetary, fiscal and factor mobility issues written by Miroslav Jovanovic and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1998 with total page 834 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Faezeh Foroutan
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Does Membership in a Regional Preferential Trade Arrangement Make a Country More Or Less Protectionist? written by Faezeh Foroutan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: March 1998 It seems participation in a regional trade agreement does not necessarily lead to a more liberal import regime. Foroutan explores whether a systematic relationship exists between a developing country's participation in a preferential regional trade agreement (RTA) and the restrictiveness of its trade regime. The motivation for her study is provided by the current debate about whether regional trading blocs are a stepping-stone toward a more liberal global trading system and whether these blocs have changed over time so that the new blocs differ meaningfully from the old ones in terms of openness to the rest of the world. She restricts analysis to reciprocal RTAs involving developing countries in partnership either with industrial countries (North-South RTAs) or with other developing countries (South-South RTAs). Nearly every developing country belongs to one or more RTAs, so Foroutan develops criteria for distinguishing effective from noneffective regional blocs. She then taps into many sources of data to compare levels of restrictiveness. She finds no evidence that participation in a regional trade agreement necessarily leads to a more liberal import regime. This paper-a product of International Trade, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to study preferential trade issues. The author may be contacted at [email protected].
Author : Eric Bond
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Transportation Infrastructure Investments and Regional Trade Liberalization written by Eric Bond and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: November 1997 This model predicts that without cooperative infrastructure agreements between countries, there will be underinvestment in those forms of infrastructure in which the investments will have spillover effects to other countries. For a relatively small country, for example, there would tend to be more underinvestment in railroad and highway infrastructure to neighboring countries than there would be in airport and harbor infrastructure (carrying goods to the whole world). Bond examines whether trade liberalization should create a greater incentive for countries to invest in transportation infrastructure. He pays special attention to the case of preferential trade liberalization between neighboring countries, where investments in roads or railroads are specific to the partner country and will thus have spillover effects. The existence of spillovers will lead to gains from cooperative agreements about investment levels. Bond shows that in a small country the incentive to invest in infrastructure depends on the level of the tariff when demand is linear. If protection is in the form of a quota, on the other hand, trade liberalization will increase the optimal infrastructure investment. He shows that in a two-country model with spillovers between countries, the cooperative equilibrium may involve either more or less investment than the noncooperative equilibrium, depending on the pattern of trade between the two countries and the degree of substitutability between investments in the two countries. For a relatively small country, for example, there would be more underinvestment in railroad and highway infrastructure to neighboring countries than there would be in airport and harbor infrastructure. The first type of investment is specific to certain markets and is likely to affect the relative price of goods in those markets. The second type of investment, on the other hand, will send goods to world markets generally, where prices are likely to be relatively unaffected by the investments. Bond also examines the desirability of linking regional trade and infrastructure agreements. The prediction generated by his model is that in the absence of cooperative agreements between countries, there will be underinvestment in those forms of transportation in which the investments will have spillover effects to other countries. Bond identifies two forms of gains from infrastructure agreements: * Internalizing the terms-of-trade effects and thus avoiding the inefficient investment levels that arise in noncooperative choices of investment levels. * Internalizing the effects of the infrastructure investment in the tariff negotiation process, in cases where countries cannot commit to future tariff rates. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to understand regionalism and development.
Author : Anju Gupta
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Outsiders and Regional Trade Agreements Among Small Countries written by Anju Gupta and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: November 1997 Regional trade agreements among small countries may have negative welfare implications for nearby countries excluded from the agreement--but they sometimes benefit from being excluded. Standard theory says that a country's welfare is unaffected by being excluded from a small regional trade agreement. But for most products, small countries and regional trade agreements do have some measure of market power. Such market power can arise if (1) supply is geographically concentrated; (2) tastes differ; (3) there is product differentiation (such as quality); (4) transport costs are high; (5) the principal importing countries impose quantitative restrictions; and (6) there is hysterisis because of irreversible costs. The authors show, based on two case studies, that regional trade agreements among small countries may have negative welfare implications for outside countries. In the first case, they find that Argentina's cattle and beef exports to Peru fell when Peru formed a regional trade agreement (the Andean Pact) with various countries, including Colombia, and exporter of the same products. Argentina also lost because of the higher unit price it received on its exports to Peru. Interestingly, Venezuela's entry into the Andean Pact (that is, the formation of a larger bloc) seems to have resulted in a welfare gain for the outside country (Argentina). In the second case, rather than examine whether formation of the Central American Common Market (CACM) had a negative impact on outside countries (for which they lacked data), they examine the impact of the CACM's breakdown on member countries. Although the CACM has essentially been trade-diverting for manufactures, it seems to have been trade-creating for white maize, with both importing and exporting member countries gaining from the regional trade agreement. So, one would expect that a breakdown of the CACM, which resulted in member countries becoming relatively more outsiders to the bloc, may have led to a decline in the welfare of both the exporting and importing member countries. This is supported by the data, and implies that if one of the five member countries had been left out of the CACM, it would have been worse off where white maize was concerned. This paper--aproduct of the Development Research Group--is part of background work for the group's program on regionalism and development.
