Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Regional Climate Modeling Studies Of Western North America Under Early Eocene Conditions
Download Regional Climate Modeling Studies Of Western North America Under Early Eocene Conditions full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Regional Climate Modeling Studies Of Western North America Under Early Eocene Conditions ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Regional Climate Modeling Studies of Western North America Under Early Eocene Conditions by : Bridget L. Thrasher
Download or read book Regional Climate Modeling Studies of Western North America Under Early Eocene Conditions written by Bridget L. Thrasher and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Understanding Earth's Deep Past by : National Research Council
Download or read book Understanding Earth's Deep Past written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-08-02 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is little dispute within the scientific community that humans are changing Earth's climate on a decadal to century time-scale. By the end of this century, without a reduction in emissions, atmospheric CO2 is projected to increase to levels that Earth has not experienced for more than 30 million years. As greenhouse gas emissions propel Earth toward a warmer climate state, an improved understanding of climate dynamics in warm environments is needed to inform public policy decisions. In Understanding Earth's Deep Past, the National Research Council reports that rocks and sediments that are millions of years old hold clues to how the Earth's future climate would respond in an environment with high levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases. Understanding Earth's Deep Past provides an assessment of both the demonstrated and underdeveloped potential of the deep-time geologic record to inform us about the dynamics of the global climate system. The report describes past climate changes, and discusses potential impacts of high levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases on regional climates, water resources, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and the cycling of life-sustaining elements. While revealing gaps in scientific knowledge of past climate states, the report highlights a range of high priority research issues with potential for major advances in the scientific understanding of climate processes. This proposed integrated, deep-time climate research program would study how climate responded over Earth's different climate states, examine how climate responds to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, and clarify the processes that lead to anomalously warm polar and tropical regions and the impact on marine and terrestrial life. In addition to outlining a research agenda, Understanding Earth's Deep Past proposes an implementation strategy that will be an invaluable resource to decision-makers in the field, as well as the research community, advocacy organizations, government agencies, and college professors and students.
Book Synopsis Fluvial Response to the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum in Western North America by : Brady Z. Foreman
Download or read book Fluvial Response to the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum in Western North America written by Brady Z. Foreman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Paleocene-Eocene boundary ca. 56 million years ago is characterized by an extreme global warming event, known as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The event is linked to the massive exogenic release of isotopically-light carbon into Earth's oceans and atmosphere, and is recognizable in the geologic record by an abrupt negative carbon isotope excursion in both organic and inorganic proxy records for duration of approximately 200,000 years. Previous studies indicate the PETM instigated massive changes in ocean and atmospheric circulation, which perturbed both terrestrial and marine environmental conditions and biotic systems. This study exploits the PETM to examine the effects of abrupt climate change on fluvial stratigraphy. The negative carbon isotope excursion associated with the PETM allows the timing and duration of the climate change to be identified independent of lithostratigraphic markers. Local climate shifts are constrained using circulation models, soil geochemistry, and paleobotanical records. Two areas are studied in detail, the Piceance Creek Basin of Colorado and the northern Bighorn Basin of Wyoming. In both areas anomalously thick and laterally persistent fluvial sand-bodies correlate with the PETM interval. In the Piceance Creek Basin the shift in fluvial deposition directly correlates with the onset of the PETM and persists beyond the carbon isotope excursion, whereas in the northern Bighorn Basin the shift appears to lag the isotope excursion by 10-20 thousand years and ends prior to the return to background climatic conditions. In the Piceance Creek Basin the change in sand-body geometry is associated with a shift to deeper paleoflow depths, wider channels, greater preservation of upper flow regime structures, prevalent crevasse splay deposits, and poorer drained floodplain soils. In contrast, within the Bighorn Basin there are no such changes and, apart from greater amalgamation, fluvial deposition appears to be largely unaffected by the PETM. When combined with other PETM terrestrial localities, the records demonstrate the PETM had substantial, but spatially diverse effects on basin-scale grain-size partitioning, discharge regimes, and river-floodplain dynamics. Aspects of the responses in the various basins are reminiscent of those predicted by two-dimensional basin-fill models, however, key differences highlight the role non-linearities, feedback loops, relaxation times, basin geometry, seasonality of precipitation, and vegetation factors play in determining large-scale depositional patterns. Consequently, it is concluded that short-term climatic events such as the PETM hold the potential to strongly alter basin sedimentation patterns, but that the sedimentologic-recorded climatic signal cannot be used to directly reconstruct paleoclimatic conditions. Instead a more appropriate approach is advocated that uses fluvial stratigraphy in concert with geochemical and other proxies to iteratively produce a more robust image of paleolandscape dynamics.
Book Synopsis Terrestrial Climatic Response to Precessional Orbital Forcing in the Eocene by : Kira Trillium Lawrence
Download or read book Terrestrial Climatic Response to Precessional Orbital Forcing in the Eocene written by Kira Trillium Lawrence and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tectonic Boundary Conditions for Climate Reconstructions by : Thomas J. Crowley
Download or read book Tectonic Boundary Conditions for Climate Reconstructions written by Thomas J. Crowley and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1998 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, efforts to integrate solid earth geophysical studies and climate studies have progressed slowly, but this volume responds to the deficiency with an in-depth examination of climate modeling. Written by eminent figures from both disciplines, it focuses on the role of tectonic boundary conditions for paleoclimate reconstruction at the same time it presents background material on the impact of tectonic changes on climate and the uncertainties in tectonic boundary conditions.
Book Synopsis Polar Environments and Global Change by : Roger G. Barry
Download or read book Polar Environments and Global Change written by Roger G. Barry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-09 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surveys atmospheric, oceanic and cryospheric processes, present and past conditions, and changes in polar environments.
Book Synopsis Patterns, Mechanisms, and Legacies of Abrupt Climate Change by : David Fastovich
Download or read book Patterns, Mechanisms, and Legacies of Abrupt Climate Change written by David Fastovich and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing global temperatures from anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are driving widespread climatological and ecological changes globally. Abrupt global changes that share rates of climate change similar to those experienced today (Overpeck et al. 2003; Williams and Burke 2019) are recorded throughout the geologic record and offer important insights that can help predict future anthropogenic change. The Deglacial period (19,000 to 11,000 years before present) after the Last Glacial Maximum has been a key interval for understanding ecological and climatological responses to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations and a warming climate (COHMAP Project Members 1988; Nolan et al. 2018; Mottl et al. 2021). Imposed on this gradual warming are abrupt climate oscillations that onset within decades to centuries, last for millennia, and are commonly attributed to changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation forced by the input of freshwater into the North Atlantic Ocean. The most recent of these millennial-scale climate events is the Younger Dryas (ca. 12,900 to 11,700 years before present) and caused spatially complex climate changes globally. In this dissertation, we first aim to determine the spatial patterns of climate change and the atmospheric mechanisms responsible for driving abrupt climate change regionally in eastern North America through the use of organic temperature biomarkers (brGDGTs) and climate models. Second, we seek to disentangle the contributions of glacial and millennial-scale climate variability upon modern patterns of species richness in eastern North America. Chapter 2 seeks to determine the spatial fingerprint of Younger Dryas temperature changes in eastern North America. We develop a spatially dense multiproxy network of temperature reconstructions relying upon statistical transfer functions applied to fossil-pollen abundances and an independent proxy, based on organic biomarkers (brGDGTs). This analysis indicates that temperature changes during the Younger Dryas followed a dipole pattern in eastern North America. Temperatures lowered abruptly in maritime Canada and the northeastern United States nearly synchronously with temperature records from Greenland (Severinghaus et al. 1998). Cooling is also reconstructed in the Great Lakes region but delayed by ~400 years. Sites south of 35℗ʻN exhibited an antiphased response and lack YD cooling, with Florida sites indicating a thermal maximum. Warming in Florida during the Younger Dryas suggests that the 'bipolar-seesaw' conceptualization is an oversimplification of the spatial patterns of global climate changes. Focus must be placed on constraining regional climate changes to refine the mechanisms of abrupt climate change. Chapter 3 aims to better understand the atmospheric mechanisms for these antiphased temperature changes in eastern North America. We accomplish this by combining our multiproxy temperature network with a synthesis of hydroclimate reconstructions to compare against four climate models with meltwater hosing experiments that resemble the onset of the Younger Dryas. Precipitation changes followed a tripole pattern with wetting in the northeastern United States and Florida and drying from the Great Lakes region to the Carolinas, in contrast to the temperature dipole resolved in Chapter 2. Analysis of the climate models highlights the dual role of ice sheets and meltwater-induced weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation as the key drivers of the reconstructed warming and wetting in the southeastern United States. Reduced northward oceanic heat transport in the Atlantic Ocean increased the latitudinal temperature gradient and strengthened the jet stream, leading to upper-level divergence over eastern North America and the transport of warmer and moister air into the southeastern United States. For Chapter 4, we use our multiproxy temperature and precipitation reconstruction from prior chapters, alongside 11 climate simulations of millennial- scale climate events forced by meltwater pulses, to assess whether legacies of these climate changes can be detected in the contemporary diversity of amphibians, birds, mammals, reptiles, and trees in eastern North America. Generalized additive models that use both contemporary and paleoclimatic predictors suggest that past millennial scale climate oscillations have left an imprint on contemporary amphibian and arboreal biodiversity, though the exact role of past climate changes remains uncertain. Generalized additive models that use the multiproxy network of Younger Dryas climate reconstructions and a subset of the climate models analyzed suggest that greater millennial scale climate variability is predictive of greater contemporary biodiversity. However, generalized additive models that use four of the climate models suggest that millennial-scale climate stability is predictive of greater contemporary richness in eastern North America. Disagreement in the sign, magnitude, and spatial fingerprint of climate changes among the 11 climate simulations and the multiproxy climate reconstructions precludes further refining the role of millennial-scale climate oscillations at this time. This uncertainty highlights that caution should be used when attempting to model contemporary biodiversity based on individual paleoclimatic simulations. Higher resolution climate simulations forced with accurate boundary conditions are necessary to constrain the relationship between past millennial-scale climate changes and contemporary biodiversity.
Book Synopsis Climate Model Simulations of Spatiotemporal Western North American Hydroclimate Variability During the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age by : Steven Simon
Download or read book Climate Model Simulations of Spatiotemporal Western North American Hydroclimate Variability During the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age written by Steven Simon and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the immense impacts that large, modern North American droughts, such as those of the 1930s and 1950s, had on economic, social, environmental, and agricultural systems, they were ultimately shorter in duration than the multidecadal to centennial scale megadroughts that affected North America, in particular the western United States,during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA, ~ 850-1300 AD)and the Little Ice Age (LIA, ~1450-1850 AD. Although various proxy records have been used to reconstruct the timing of these MCA and LIA megadroughts in the western United States, there still exists great uncertainty in the magnitude and spatial coherence of such droughts in various cross sections of western North America (i.e. the Pacific Northwest region),especially on decadal to centennial timescales. This uncertainty motivated the following study to establish a causal link between the climate forcing that induced these megadroughts and the spatiotemporal response of regional North American hydroclimates,such as those of the Pacific Northwest, American Southwest, and the Great Plains,to this forcing. This study seeks to establish a better understanding of the influence of tropical Pacific,tropical Indian, extratropical North Pacific, and North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on North American drought during the MCA (950-1250 AD) and LIA (1400-1700 AD). We force NCAR's Community Atmosphere Model version 5.1.1 (CAM 5), as part of a special configuration of the fully coupled Community Earth Systems Model version 1.0.5 (CESM 1.0.5), with prescribed proxy-reconstructed tropical Pacific, tropical Indian, extratropical North Pacific, and North Atlantic SST anomalies from the MCA and LIA, in order to investigate the influence that these SST anomalies had on the spatiotemporal patterns of drought in North America. To isolate the effects of individual and multiple ocean basin SSTs on the North American climate system, the conducted model experiments use a variety of SST permutations in the tropical Pacific, tropical Indian, extratropical North Pacific, and North Atlantic basins as climate forcing. In order to quantify the spatiotemporal response of the western North American hydroclimate system to these SST forcing permutations, precipitation data derived from the MCA and LIA model experiments are presented here as MCA anomalies relative to the LIA reference period. The spatiotemporal precipitation patterns from the model experiments indicate that in the Pacific Northwest, the MCA and LIA were anomalously wet and dry periods, respectively, a finding that is largely supported by the available lake sediment proxy records. This pattern contrasts with the dry MCA/wet LIA pattern diagnosed in model experiments for the U.S. Southwest and Great Plains regions and indicated by tree ring-based proxy data. Thus, the CAM 5 model experiments confirm the wet/dry meridional precipitation dipole pattern suggested by proxy data for the western U.S. during the MCA and LIA and highlight the role that the natural variability of tropical Pacific, tropical Indian, extratropical North Pacific, and North Atlantic SSTs played in driving this spatiotemporal climate pattern and its related teleconnections. Lastly, this study conducts a diagnosis of the physical mechanisms of causality which link the remote SST forcing specified by any given MCA and LIA model experiment and the regional atmospheric response in western North America. This diagnosis ultimately reveals that the simulated MCA-LIA tropospheric circulation anomalies (sea level pressure, mid-tropospheric vertical velocity, and upper-tropospheric geopotential height fields) associated with the MCA megadroughts dynamically support the prevalent western North American MCA-LIA precipitation anomaly patterns identified in the conducted model experiments, and exhibit spatial coherency, in the horizontal and vertical, resembling those of tropically-forced Rossby wave train-like structures which link remote SST forcing regions with local, regional response regions in the western North American troposphere.
Download or read book Continents written by Frank Schaffer and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Vegetation of Antarctica through Geological Time by : David J. Cantrill
Download or read book The Vegetation of Antarctica through Geological Time written by David J. Cantrill and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-22 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fossil history of plant life in Antarctica is central to our understanding of the evolution of vegetation through geological time and also plays a key role in reconstructing past configurations of the continents and associated climatic conditions. This book provides the only detailed overview of the development of Antarctic vegetation from the Devonian period to the present day, presenting Earth scientists with valuable insights into the break up of the ancient supercontinent of Gondwana. Details of specific floras and ecosystems are provided within the context of changing geological, geographical and environmental conditions, alongside comparisons with contemporaneous and modern ecosystems. The authors demonstrate how palaeobotany contributes to our understanding of the paleoenvironmental changes in the southern hemisphere during this period of Earth history. The book is a complete and up-to-date reference for researchers and students in Antarctic paleobotany and terrestrial paleoecology.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program by : Ocean Drilling Program
Download or read book Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program written by Ocean Drilling Program and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Eocene-Oligocene Climatic and Biotic Evolution by : Donald R. Prothero
Download or read book Eocene-Oligocene Climatic and Biotic Evolution written by Donald R. Prothero and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transition from the Eocene to the Oligocene epochs was the most significant event in earth history since the extinction of dinosaurs. As the first Antarctic ice sheets appeared, major extinctions and faunal turnovers took place on the land and in the sea, eliminating forms adapted to a tropical world and replacing them with the ancestors of most of our modern animal and plant life. Through a detailed study of climatic conditions and of organisms buried in Eocene-Oligocene sediments, this volume shows that the separation of Antarctica from Australia was a critical factor in changing oceanic circulation and ultimately world climate. In this book forty-eight leading scientists examine the full range of Eocene and Oligocene phenomena. Their articles cover nearly every major group of organisms in the ocean and on land and include evidence from paleontology, stable isotopes, sedimentology, seismology, and computer climatic modeling. The volume concludes with an update of the geochronologic framework of the late Paleogene. Originally published in 1992. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Book Synopsis Causes and Consequences of Globally Warm Climates in the Early Paleogene by : Scott L. Wing
Download or read book Causes and Consequences of Globally Warm Climates in the Early Paleogene written by Scott L. Wing and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of a regional climate model of the western Arctic by : A.H. LYNCH
Download or read book Development of a regional climate model of the western Arctic written by A.H. LYNCH and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Paleoaltimetry written by Matthew J. Kohn and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 66 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry is based on a two day short course entitled Paleoaltimetry: Geochemical and Thermodynamic Approaches held prior to the Geological Society of American annual meeting in Denver, Colorado (October 26-27, 2007). This meeting and volume were sponsored by the Geochemical Society, Mineralogical Society of America, and the United States Department of Energy. Contents: The Significance of Paleotopography Stable Isotope-Based Paleoaltimetry: Theory and Validation Paleoelevation Reconstruction Using Pedogenic Carbonates Stable Isotope Paleoaltimetry in Orogenic Belts – The Silicate Record in Surface and Crustal Geological Archives Paleoaltimetry from Stable Isotope Compositions of Fossils A Review of Paleotemperature–Lapse Rate Methods for Estimating Paleoelevation from Fossil Floras Paleoaltimetry: A Review of Thermodynamic Methods Paleoelevation Measurement on the Basis of Vesicular Basalts Stomatal Frequency Change Over Altitudinal Gradients: Prospects for Paleoaltimetry Thermochronologic Approaches to Paleotopography Terrestrial Cosmogenic Nuclides as Paleoaltimetric Proxies
Book Synopsis Economic Risks of Climate Change by : Trevor Houser
Download or read book Economic Risks of Climate Change written by Trevor Houser and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2015-08-18 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change threatens the economy of the United States in myriad ways, including increased flooding and storm damage, altered crop yields, lost labor productivity, higher crime, reshaped public-health patterns, and strained energy systems, among many other effects. Combining the latest climate models, state-of-the-art econometric research on human responses to climate, and cutting-edge private-sector risk-assessment tools, Economic Risks of Climate Change: An American Prospectus crafts a game-changing profile of the economic risks of climate change in the United States. This prospectus is based on a critically acclaimed independent assessment of the economic risks posed by climate change commissioned by the Risky Business Project. With new contributions from Karen Fisher-Vanden, Michael Greenstone, Geoffrey Heal, Michael Oppenheimer, and Nicholas Stern and Bob Ward, as well as a foreword from Risky Business cochairs Michael Bloomberg, Henry Paulson, and Thomas Steyer, the book speaks to scientists, researchers, scholars, activists, and policy makers. It depicts the distribution of escalating climate-change risk across the country and assesses its effects on aspects of the economy as varied as hurricane damages and violent crime. Beautifully illustrated and accessibly written, this book is an essential tool for helping businesses and governments prepare for the future.
Download or read book Treatise on Geochemistry written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-10-19 with total page 14787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensively updated new edition of the widely acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry has increased its coverage beyond the wide range of geochemical subject areas in the first edition, with five new volumes which include: the history of the atmosphere, geochemistry of mineral deposits, archaeology and anthropology, organic geochemistry and analytical geochemistry. In addition, the original Volume 1 on "Meteorites, Comets, and Planets" was expanded into two separate volumes dealing with meteorites and planets, respectively. These additions increased the number of volumes in the Treatise from 9 to 15 with the index/appendices volume remaining as the last volume (Volume 16). Each of the original volumes was scrutinized by the appropriate volume editors, with respect to necessary revisions as well as additions and deletions. As a result, 27% were republished without major changes, 66% were revised and 126 new chapters were added. In a many-faceted field such as Geochemistry, explaining and understanding how one sub-field relates to another is key. Instructors will find the complete overviews with extensive cross-referencing useful additions to their course packs and students will benefit from the contextual organization of the subject matter Six new volumes added and 66% updated from 1st edition. The Editors of this work have taken every measure to include the many suggestions received from readers and ensure comprehensiveness of coverage and added value in this 2nd edition The esteemed Board of Volume Editors and Editors-in-Chief worked cohesively to ensure a uniform and consistent approach to the content, which is an amazing accomplishment for a 15-volume work (16 volumes including index volume)!
