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References To The Oecd Commentaries In Tax Treaties A Steady March From Soft Law To Hard Law
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Book Synopsis References to the OECD Commentaries in Tax Treaties : a Steady March from "soft" Law to "hard" Law?. by : C. West
Download or read book References to the OECD Commentaries in Tax Treaties : a Steady March from "soft" Law to "hard" Law?. written by C. West and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article addresses, in part, the use of the OECD Commentaries with respect to the interpretation of bilateral tax treaties. However, the article has as its focus those instances in which a tax treaty or protocol to a tax treaty, in the main, directly reference the OECD Commentaries as an interpretational rule. Such direct references to the OECD Commentaries spark a number of questions and reopen issues such as the hard law/soft law dichotomy; the static versus ambulatory nature of the OECD Commentaries; policy reasons for such inclusions and the consequences of such inclusions. This article equally provides the base from which the rise of such references can be monitored. The article collects and analyses the direct references, stratifying these "rules" into types while looking for trends. While the number of instances remains low relative to the total number of bilateral comprehensive tax treaties worldwide, the inclusions of such rules equally open the debate regarding the formation of customary international law. Currently, these rules may simply achieve the aim for which they appear to have been created, being the affirmation that the parties consider the OECD Commentaries as a key interpretational resource and, although still to be tested, to force the courts to actively consider the rules in making judgments in tax treaty matters.
Book Synopsis The Legal Status of the OECD Commentaries by : Sjoerd Douma
Download or read book The Legal Status of the OECD Commentaries written by Sjoerd Douma and published by IBFD. This book was released on 2008 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the mid-1980s, the legal basis of the practice of tax administrations and courts around the world to conform to the Commentaries when interpreting and applying bilateral tax treaties based on the OECD Model has been the subject of an ongoing academic debate. Recently the debate has received new impetus, and the primary focus is now on the general principles of international law. In particular, opinions differ on the question whether the Commentaries can be a source of legal obligations through the principles of acquiescence and estoppel, both of which are founded on considerations of good faith, and equity and provide specific protection of settled expectations. The reports contained in this book address two questions. The first is whether, under international law, the states parties to a tax treaty are legally bound by the OECD Commentaries when interpreting and applying the provisions of the treaty which are identical to those of the OECD Model. The second question is whether, under the contracting states' internal law, taxpayers and the tax authorities are equally bound to apply the Commentaries if and when the contracting states themselves are so bound under international law. The book brings various legal disciplines - public international law, international tax law, Community law and constitutional law - together in order to resolve the legal status of the Commentaries. Through interdisciplinary debate, the issues have been defined clearly and the exact points at which the opinions differ are identified, thereby resulting in a better understanding of the issues at hand.
Book Synopsis Judicial Interpretation of Tax Treaties by : Carlo Garbarino
Download or read book Judicial Interpretation of Tax Treaties written by Carlo Garbarino and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2016-10-28 with total page 699 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Judicial Interpretation of Tax Treaties is a detailed analytical guide to the interpretation of tax treaties at the national level. The book focuses on how domestic courts interpret and apply the OECD Commentary to OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital. Adopting a global perspective, the book gives a systematic presentation of the main interpretive proposals put forward by the OECD Commentary, and analyses selected cases decided in domestic tax systems in order to assess whether and how such solutions are adopted through national judicial process, and indeed which of these are of most practical value. The book operates on two levels: firstly it sets out a clear and comprehensive framework of tax treaty law, which will be an important tool for any tax practitioner. Secondly, the book provides crucial guidance on issues of tax treaty law as applied at domestic level, such as investment or business income, dispute resolution and administrative cooperation.
Book Synopsis OECD Arbitration in Tax Treaty Law by : Alicja Majdanska
Download or read book OECD Arbitration in Tax Treaty Law written by Alicja Majdanska and published by Linde Verlag GmbH. This book was released on 2018-09-14 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arbitration: the solution to tackle cross-border tax disputes From the increasing integration of the world economy and the lack of rules to govern the taxation of multinational enterprises to cross-border tax disputes: arbitration is one potential solution. Arbitration is not a new development in the international tax arena, but it has not yet been widely implemented in practice. In the last few years, the concept of arbitration in tax matters was revived, mainly following the OECD/G20 BEPS Project, as well as the EU Action Plan on Corporate Taxation. Now arbitration is expected to play a more significant role and enhance the existing framework of cross-border tax dispute resolution. „OECD Arbitration in Tax Treaty Law” constitutes a comprehensive compendium on international tax arbitration and provides in-depth analysis of all relevant aspects of the topic. The introductory chapters provide background information on tax arbitration and comparisons with other areas of law. The book also takes stock of the recent developments in this area within the OECD, the EU, the UN and the United States. It addresses the main concerns that have been raised with regard to arbitration, and compares and contrasts the design of various arbitration clauses. It also considers potential future developments. This compendium on international tax arbitration shows one way how to tackle the rising tide of cross-border tax disputes.
Book Synopsis Tax Treaty Interpretation by : Michael Lang
Download or read book Tax Treaty Interpretation written by Michael Lang and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2001-12-19 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detailed survey of tax treaty interpretations in 16 European countries taking into account court decisions since 1993, the OECD reports on partnership, changes in administrative practice at national level and recent Community law effecting taxation and tax practice.
Book Synopsis The OECD Multilateral Instrument for Tax Treaties by : Michael Lang
Download or read book The OECD Multilateral Instrument for Tax Treaties written by Michael Lang and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2016-04-24 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Multilateral Instrument (MLI) proposed in OECD BEPS Action 15 will lead to the modification of numerous tax treaties. As tax treaties can have different wording, terminology and structure, a great challenge is to find a proper way to accomplish their modification without distorting the underlying framework or triggering undesirable effects. This book analyses the MLI, which was signed by over seventy jurisdictions on 7 June 2017. The topics covered include: • the procedural mechanisms on how the new measures to prevent base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) will interact with and complement existing tax treaties; • the scope of the MLI in order to ascertain which tax treaties and taxes are covered; • the interpretation of terms used in the MLI and the relationship between the languages used in the MLI and in the particular tax treaties; • the implementation of the minimum standard through the MLI, as well as how states can exercise various options offered by the MLI and reserve the right not to apply certain provisions of the MLI; • the legal consequences of the exercise of options and reservations for the other states; • the notification procedure through which states declare their choices; and • the possibilities and procedure for withdrawal from the obligations entered into upon signing the MLI. Finally, the book discusses whether the mechanism of the MLI can serve as a role model for future changes to the OECD Model Convention. The book incorporates the analyses of leading scholars and practitioners dealing with international tax matters. Critical insights are offered for academics, practitioners, tax officials and judges who deal with or are interested in the field of international taxation.
Book Synopsis "Taxes Covered" by : Patricia Brandstetter
Download or read book "Taxes Covered" written by Patricia Brandstetter and published by IBFD. This book was released on 2011 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The substantive scope of a tax treaty determines the extent of protection it can provide against international double taxation. Countries worldwide have adopted the text of Art. 2 ('Taxes covered') of the OECD Model Tax Conventions in their bilateral tax treaties. However, the structure and wording of Art. 2, which have remained virtually unchanged since the beginnings of tax treaty law in the 1920s, create interpetive issues and uncertainties in practical treaty application. This book not only provides in-depth analysis of recent case law and academic literature, but also sheds light on the background to the standard formulations so widely used in the provision on the substantive scope of today's tax treaties. The source documents used have rarely found their way into publications before: historical OEEC and OECD Reports and Minutes, originally largely classified as 'restricted' and thus inaccessible to the public for decades, provide an insight into the drafting process of Art. 2 and the discussions of Delegates from various nations on practical implications for treaty application. The book offers a unique perspective on this core treaty provision and aims to provide guidance for determing the 'taxes covered' in any tax treaty"--Page 4 of cover.
Book Synopsis The OECD’s Global Minimum Tax and its Implementation in the EU – A Legal Analysis of Pillar Two in the Light of Tax Treaty and EU Law by : Valentin Bendlinger
Download or read book The OECD’s Global Minimum Tax and its Implementation in the EU – A Legal Analysis of Pillar Two in the Light of Tax Treaty and EU Law written by Valentin Bendlinger and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2023-10-17 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rarely in the history of international tax law have there been so many evolutions in such a short space of time: In a dizzying array of reports, work programmes, consultations and announcements, the OECD, with the active support of the EU, has created a framework for a global minimum tax (Pillar Two or GloBE). In the meanwhile, jurisdictions are faced with the practical difficulties of incorporating an incredibly complex set of rules into their domestic legal systems. This book aims to shed light on the fundamental and technical issues surrounding the global minimum tax. It seeks to unravel the complex ramifications of GloBE’s technical framework and aims to explore the relationship between the OECD’s soft law materials, including the OECD’s GloBE Model Rules and the GloBE Commentary, tax treaties and the EU’s recently adopted GloBE-Directive. The author not only analyses Pillar Two from a technical and a policy perspective but also provides for a comprehensive examination of the compatibility of Pillar Two with tax treaties and EU law. To this end, the analysis also includes practical examples and illustrates solutions to numerous technical and policy issues of Pillar Two. Among the seminal matters covered are the following: History and Background of the global minimum tax discussion. Detailed technical considerations on the design of Pillar Two, including its scope, the determination of both the ‘GloBE Income’ as well as the ‘Adjusted Covered Taxes’ and the computation of the effective tax rate as well as the computation and collection of the final ‘Top-up Tax’ liability, including the application of the QDMTT, IIR, and UTPR. Tax policy implications and deficiencies of the final design of Pillar Two. The relation of Pillar Two to the current distribution of taxing rights under bilateral tax treaties. The analysis includes the compatibility of the QDMTT, IIR, and UTPR with existing tax treaties and the resolution of potential normative conflicts, both between tax treaties and domestic implementations of Pillar Two as well as between tax treaties concluded by EU Member States and the EU’s GloBE-Directive. The role of the GloBE-Directive within the EU’s legal order, including the issue of EU internal and external competence as well as the substantive compatibility of Pillar Two with primary law, such as the fundamental freedoms. Detailed comparisons between the OECD’s GloBE Model Rules and the EU’s GloBE-Directive elucidate common points and deviations. In addition to comprehensive technical considerations, the book also provides a comprehensive tax policy perspective on the global minimum tax. For its unparalleled clarification of the issues alone, this book will prove invaluable to practitioners, tax authorities, policymakers, and academics concerned with the implementation and application of Pillar Two. ‘Valentin Bendlinger’s book is an outstandingly remarkable work on a highly complex topic. The structure, clarity of thinking, and legal argumentation are excellent, and the legal and policy results throughout are profoundly argued. The book successfully ties together broad concepts of international and European (tax) law with highly complex and novel issues of the taxation of multinational enterprises. It should be highlighted that Valentin Bendlinger succeeded in leading the reader from the history and policy through a “jungle” of unprecedented rules to overarching fundamental issues of how the new taxation framework is to be placed in the international and European legal order.’ – Prof. DDr Georg Kofler, LLM (NYU), Vienna University of Economics and Business.
Book Synopsis Squaring the Circle : The Role of the OECD Commentaries by : Dachi Kinkladze
Download or read book Squaring the Circle : The Role of the OECD Commentaries written by Dachi Kinkladze and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2015-08-27 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are lots of debates concerning the exact role of OECD Commentaries in tax treaty interpretation process. The current work tries to asses the role of the commentaries for interpretation of DTAs concluded between Non-OECD and OECD states. In order to reach the above goal the legal status of the OECD Commentaries under public international law in particular the interrelation of the Commentaries with the Articles of 31 and 32 of the Vienna Convention is discussed. The great importance is attached to the case law analysis of the Non-OECD states to find out how the courts consider the Commentaries and to what extent they are bound with it. The work also triggers the problem of ambulatory and static interpretation of the Commentaries as well as the problem of using "foreign law" in different legal traditions.
Book Synopsis International Law of Taxation by : Peter Hongler
Download or read book International Law of Taxation written by Peter Hongler and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this fresh, objective, and non-argumentative volume in the Elements of International Law series, Peter Hongler combines a comprehensive overview of the technical content of the international tax law regime with an assessment of its crucial relationship to wider international law. Beginning with an assessment of legal principles and foundations, the book considers key general principles, treaty based regimes, and regional integration in tax matters. In the second half of the work Hongler places international tax law in the context of its wider relationships with human rights law, and trade and investment law. He concludes by considering major legal successes and failures and what might be done to address these.
Book Synopsis Multilateral Cooperation in Tax Law by : Martin Klokar
Download or read book Multilateral Cooperation in Tax Law written by Martin Klokar and published by Linde Verlag GmbH. This book was released on 2023-10-03 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth analysis of various aspects of multilateral cooperation in tax law Tax evasion and aggressive tax planning causing base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) has been a widely discussed topic among academics and tax policy makers over the past decades. Increasing globalization and digitalization have contributed to the intensification of this issue in recent years. At the same time, states continue to largely insist on their sovereignty in the area of tax law. However, due to their cross-border nature, issues related to BEPS are shared problems among the states and can typically not be solved by a single nation. Therefore, multilateral cooperation represents an option to build a bridge between the states’ demand for sovereignty and the problems caused by BEPS. In this regard, the OECD, the UN, and the EU play an important role in introducing international tax standards in an attempt to effectively address tax evasion and aggressive tax planning in many ways. The interaction and cooperation between different international, supranational (EU), and regional organizations is an ongoing process. In this context, the topic "Multilateral Cooperation in Tax Law" was selected as the general topic for the master’s theses of the part-time 2021-23 class of the postgraduate LL.M. programme in International Tax Law at WU (Vienna University of Economics and Business). This volume aims to develop academic insights, provide practical guidance, and enable an in-depth analysis of various aspects of this topic. The book is divided into four parts. The first part deals with a general overview of the understanding of multilateral cooperation, the background that led to the need for multilateral cooperation and the different stakeholders that play a relevant role in it. While the chapters included in the second part focus on the most important developments on an international level (OECD and UN), the chapters encompassed in the third part analyse the multilateral cooperation initiatives of the EU. Finally, the chapters included in part four deal with selected issues related to multilateral cooperation in tax law, including mutual assistance and exchange of information, dispute resolution mechanisms, and measures in digitalized businesses.
Book Synopsis Departures from the OECD Model and Commentaries by : International Bureau of Fiscal Documentation
Download or read book Departures from the OECD Model and Commentaries written by International Bureau of Fiscal Documentation and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The 2010 OECD Updates by : Dennis Manolito Weber
Download or read book The 2010 OECD Updates written by Dennis Manolito Weber and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Virtually all international taxation provisions ultimately stem from two fundamental sources, both originating at the OECD: The Model Tax Convention (on which more than 3,000 bilateral tax treaties are based), and the Transfer Pricing Guidelines. During 2010, major revisions were made to both. This unique book provides an expert analysis of current, important topics in international taxation and transfer pricing. As such, it is a welcome and valuable resource for tax lawyers and consultants, corporate tax advisers, government officials and others involved in the international tax law market, as well as for academics and researchers in the field.
Book Synopsis The OECD's Global Minimum Tax and Its Implementation in the EU by : Valentin Bendlinger
Download or read book The OECD's Global Minimum Tax and Its Implementation in the EU written by Valentin Bendlinger and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Double non-taxation and the use of hybrid entities by : Leopoldo Parada
Download or read book Double non-taxation and the use of hybrid entities written by Leopoldo Parada and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2023-12-11 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topics of double non-taxation and hybrid entities have acquired particular importance in a context where transformations in the tax world have led to international commitments materialised in the OECD Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project. In what is the first systematic in-depth analysis of the OECD BEPS Action Plan 2 and hybrid entities, this timely book provides a critical review of the approach adopted by the OECD and proposes a deeply informed alternative method to deal with the problem of hybrid entity mismatches. The author analyses the interaction between the double non-taxation outcome and the use of hybrid entities in an approach not strictly linked to any specific tax jurisdiction. To this end, the analysis includes case studies and examples from a range of jurisdictions emphasising the international tax context, also including the application of tax treaties. Among the seminal matters covered in this edition are the following: foundations of the concepts of double non-taxation and hybrid entities; extensive analysis based on the rules of characterisation of foreign entities for tax purposes in the United States, Spain, Denmark, and Germany, as well as on the Poland/United States and Canada/United States tax treaties; in-depth analysis of the implications of Article 1(2) OECD Model Tax Convention and Article 3(1) Multilateral Instrument (MLI), especially considering the position of developing (source) countries; detailed analysis of the OECD BEPS Action 2 and its recommendations (linking rules), including its implementation in the EU Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD); and elaborated alternative method to deal with hybrid entity mismatches (reactive coordination rule), which is informed by the tax policy aims of simplicity, coherence, and administrability. Detailed comparisons between the author’s proposal and other existing rules elucidate common points and deviations. If merely for its unparalleled clarification of the issues, this book will prove of immeasurable value to practitioners, tax authorities, policymakers and academics concerned with international tax law. Beyond that, as an authoritative guide that promises to reorient the discussion to what really matters in the debate regarding hybrid entity mismatches, this analysis elaborates solutions applicable to a generality of cases worldwide and, therefore, hugely promotes the urgent quest for alternative views.
Book Synopsis Permanent Establishment:Erosion of a Tax Treaty Principle by : Arvid Aage Skaar
Download or read book Permanent Establishment:Erosion of a Tax Treaty Principle written by Arvid Aage Skaar and published by Springer. This book was released on 1991 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monograph analysing case law dealing with the notion of "permanent establishment" in modern tax treaties between various countries with reference to the OECD Model Tax Treaty and the commentaries thereto, but references are frequently made to bilateral tax treaties and to the Nordic Multilateral Tax Treaty. Deals with the objectivity of the PE, the subjectivity of the PE, the functionality of the PE, construction work, offshore business activities, agencies, and subsidiary as PE.
Book Synopsis OECD Commentaries Under the Vienna Rules by : M. Nieminen
Download or read book OECD Commentaries Under the Vienna Rules written by M. Nieminen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of the Commentaries to the OECD Model Tax Convention in the interpretation of tax treaties is one of the most controversial issues in international taxation. This research analyses the relevance of the OECD Commentaries in tax treaty interpretation from the perspective of Articles 31-32 of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, which include generally applicable rules on treaty interpretation.
