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Reductive Dechlorination Of Certain Chlorinated Organic Compounds By Reduced Hematin Compared With Their Behaviour In The Environment
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Book Synopsis Reductive Dechlorination of Certain Chlorinated Organic Compounds by Reduced Hematin Compared with Their Behaviour in the Environment by : R. M. Baxter
Download or read book Reductive Dechlorination of Certain Chlorinated Organic Compounds by Reduced Hematin Compared with Their Behaviour in the Environment written by R. M. Baxter and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated Pollutants by Metals and Organometallics by : Nada Assaf-Anid
Download or read book Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated Pollutants by Metals and Organometallics written by Nada Assaf-Anid and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Treatise on Geochemistry written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-10-19 with total page 14787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensively updated new edition of the widely acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry has increased its coverage beyond the wide range of geochemical subject areas in the first edition, with five new volumes which include: the history of the atmosphere, geochemistry of mineral deposits, archaeology and anthropology, organic geochemistry and analytical geochemistry. In addition, the original Volume 1 on "Meteorites, Comets, and Planets" was expanded into two separate volumes dealing with meteorites and planets, respectively. These additions increased the number of volumes in the Treatise from 9 to 15 with the index/appendices volume remaining as the last volume (Volume 16). Each of the original volumes was scrutinized by the appropriate volume editors, with respect to necessary revisions as well as additions and deletions. As a result, 27% were republished without major changes, 66% were revised and 126 new chapters were added. In a many-faceted field such as Geochemistry, explaining and understanding how one sub-field relates to another is key. Instructors will find the complete overviews with extensive cross-referencing useful additions to their course packs and students will benefit from the contextual organization of the subject matter Six new volumes added and 66% updated from 1st edition. The Editors of this work have taken every measure to include the many suggestions received from readers and ensure comprehensiveness of coverage and added value in this 2nd edition The esteemed Board of Volume Editors and Editors-in-Chief worked cohesively to ensure a uniform and consistent approach to the content, which is an amazing accomplishment for a 15-volume work (16 volumes including index volume)!
Book Synopsis Environmental Chemicals Desk Reference by : John H. Montgomery
Download or read book Environmental Chemicals Desk Reference written by John H. Montgomery and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 2616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Chemicals Desk Reference is a concise version of the widely read Agrochemicals Desk Reference and Groundwater Chemicals Desk Reference. This up-to-date volume was inspired by the need for a combination of the material in both references, together with the large number of research publications and the continued interest in the fate, transport, and remediation of hazardous substances. Much new data has been added to this unique edition, including global legislation (REACH) and sustainability, thereby reflecting the wealth of literature in the field. Featured are environmental and physical/chemical data on more than 200 compounds, including pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides.
Book Synopsis Agrochemicals Desk Reference by : John H. Montgomery
Download or read book Agrochemicals Desk Reference written by John H. Montgomery and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-04-27 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Second Edition of the Agrochemicals Desk Reference is a revised, up-to-date volume. Much new data has been added to this edition, reflecting the wealth of literature in the field. Featured are environmental and physical/chemical data on more than 200 compounds, including pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides. Among the new additions and changes are: The Environmental Fate section which has been expanded and is now subdivided into the following categories: Biological, Soil, Plant, Surface Water, Groundwater, Photo- lytic, and Chemical/Physical. Also the introduction of experimentally determined bioconcentration factors and half-lives of chemicals in various media. All compounds are listed in alphabetical order, making it easy to find the data you need.
Book Synopsis Groundwater Chemicals Field Guide by : John H. Montgomery
Download or read book Groundwater Chemicals Field Guide written by John H. Montgomery and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-08-23 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive quick-reference guide covers over 400 chemicals found in groundwater, the unsaturated zone, and the work environment. It serves as a practical reference that will be useful to all groundwater professionals, attorneys, regulators, health officials, engineers, and students. The field guide features information on these topics: Physical and chemical properties Fire hazard data Health data Manufacturing Exposure and symptoms Synonyms Chemical designations
Book Synopsis Groundwater Chemicals Desk Reference by : John H. Montgomery
Download or read book Groundwater Chemicals Desk Reference written by John H. Montgomery and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-04-18 with total page 2489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a clear and consistent format, this fourth edition contains more than 1,700 additional references and additional adsorption data for more than 800 organic compounds and metals, Henry's Law constants for 1,850 compounds, aqueous solubility data for over 2,500 compounds, toxicity data for 1,100 compounds, more than 31,000 synonyms, and 2,224 degradation products cross-referenced to parent compounds. Additional organic and inorganic solubilities, conversion factors, octanol-water partition coefficients, environmental fate data, analytical test methods, dielectric properties of various materials and liquids, and other tables and indexes have been added along with references for numerous physical parameters.
Book Synopsis Environmental Geochemistry by : B. Sherwood Lollar
Download or read book Environmental Geochemistry written by B. Sherwood Lollar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-05-21 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Treatise on Geochemistry is the first work providing a comprehensive, integrated summary of the present state of geochemistry. It deals with all the major subjects in the field, ranging from the chemistry of the solar system to environmental geochemistry. The Treatise on Geochemistry has drawn on the expertise of outstanding scientists throughout the world, creating the reference work in geochemistry for the next decade. Each volume consists of fifteen to twenty-five chapters written by recognized authorities in their fields, and chosen by the Volume Editors in consultation with the Executive Editors. Particular emphasis has been placed on integrating the subject matter of the individual chapters and volumes. Elsevier also offers the Treatise on Geochemistry in electronic format via the online platform ScienceDirect, the most comprehensive database of academic research on the Internet today, enhanced by a suite of sophisticated linking, searching and retrieval tools.
Book Synopsis Biological Degradation and Bioremediation of Toxic Chemicals by : Ghulam Rasul Chaudhry
Download or read book Biological Degradation and Bioremediation of Toxic Chemicals written by Ghulam Rasul Chaudhry and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In chapters written by authors on the cutting edge of investigative research, Biological Degradation and Bioremediation of Toxic Chemicals thoroughly covers the range of such organisms and the use of such pathways. Also described are genetic and molecular biological techniques to improve the ability of microorganisms to degrade harmful compounds, including the conversion of wastes into useful products. The book provides a comprehensive basis for further research, indicating future directions for biotechnological applications.
Book Synopsis New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research by :
Download or read book New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbiological Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pollution Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991-07 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Treatise on Geochemistry: Environmental geochemistry by : Heinrich D. Holland
Download or read book Treatise on Geochemistry: Environmental geochemistry written by Heinrich D. Holland and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Model for the Prediction of Biologically Mediated Reductive Dechlorination Pathways by : Cynthia L. Cozza
Download or read book A Model for the Prediction of Biologically Mediated Reductive Dechlorination Pathways written by Cynthia L. Cozza and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The environment has been exposed to a number of hazardous chlorinated organic compounds. These compounds may be anaerobically biotransformed by sequential reductive dechlorination reactions in which the chlorine atoms are replaced with hydrogen atoms. Because reductive dechlorination processes may occur very slowly in the environment and chlorine position affects the fate and toxicity of the compound in the environment, it is desirable to develop a model to predict the products of these reactions. This project was designed to examine the reductive dechlorination pathways of various chlorinated aromatic compounds in relation to additional substituents on the ring and to develop an empirical model to predict these pathways. The model is based on the structural properties of the compound. Molecular structures and properties such as net atomic charges were calculated using the published semiempirical MNDO (Modified Neglect of Differential Overlap) method, Versions 4.01 and 5.01 at the Cornell National Supercomputer Facility. Net carbon-chlorine bond charges are compared for chlorinated positions on the ring or aliphatic chain. These data provide a means for correlating charge with the position of dechlorination. The pathways predicted from this model agreed well with experimentally determined pathways for several classes of chlorinated organic compounds including: phenols, dihydroxybenzenes, benzoic acids, and anilines.
Book Synopsis Exploring Anaerobic Reductive Dechlorination at Low PH Environments by : Yi Yang
Download or read book Exploring Anaerobic Reductive Dechlorination at Low PH Environments written by Yi Yang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs), such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE), are ubiquitously pollutants in aquifer sediments and groundwater due to their heavy usage in industry and inappropriate disposal in the last century. Among about 1300 NPL (National Priorities List) sites, PCE and TCE are the two most frequently detected hazardous contaminants. Engineered bioremediation, including biostimulation and bioaugmentation, is a promising technology to clean those PCE and/or TCE contaminated sites. However, in many contaminated groundwater systems and hazardous waste sites, pH can be lower than 5 to 6. And release of HCl (strong acid) from anaerobic reductive dechlorination may lower the pH of groundwater. Besides, another main source of acidity comes from the fermentation of additive electron donors such as alcohols, organic acids and etc. Decreasing pH has been proved to be detrimental to the microbes that dechlorinated PCE or TCE. We intended to enrich and isolate microorganisms, which can perform anaerobic reductive dechlorination at low pH environments, by establishing microcosms, which will be beneficial to in situ bioremediation. We also screened some existing cultures for dechlorinating activity at low pH and determined the pH tolerance of consortium BDI, which had been successfully, applied for in situ bioremediation. Besides, this study investigated and explored the effects of solids on BDI consortium under low pH conditions. Generally, various dechlorinating pure cultures and consortium BDI show highest dechlorination rates and extent at circumneutral pH. Only Sulfurospirillum multivorans among tested cultures dechlorinated PCE to cDCE at pH 5.5. The screening efforts suggest that microbes capable of dechlorination below pH 5.5 are not common. It was observed that solids play an important role for enhancing microbial activities under low pH conditions. And BDI consortium can recover from up to 8 weeks exposure to low pH conditions, although the VC-to-ethene dechlorination step was affected.
Book Synopsis Numerical Simulation of Anaerobic Reductive Dechlorination of CAHs in Continuous Flow Systems by : Nizar Ahmad Mustafa
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Anaerobic Reductive Dechlorination of CAHs in Continuous Flow Systems written by Nizar Ahmad Mustafa and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Halogenated organic compounds have had widespread and massive applications in industry, agriculture, and private households, for example, as degreasing solvents, flame retardants and in polymer production. They are released to the environment through both anthropogenic and natural sources. The most common chlorinated solvents present as contaminants include tetrachloroethene (PCE, perchloroethene) and trichloroethene (TCE). These chlorinated solvents are problematic because of their health hazards and persistence in the environment, threatening human and environmental health. Microbial reductive dechlorination is emerging as a promising approach for the remediation of chlorinated solvents in aquifers. In microbial reductive dechlorination, specialized bacteria obtain energy for growth from metabolic dechlorination reactions that convert PCE to TCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and finally to benign ethene. Field studies show incomplete dechlorination of PCE to ethene due to lack of electron donors or other populations competing for the electron donor. Mathematical models are good tools to integrate the processes affecting the fate and transport of chlorinated solvents in the subsurface. This thesis explores the use of modeling to provide a better understanding of the reductive dehalogenation process of chlorinated solvents and their competition with other microorganisms for available electron donors in continuous flow systems such as a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and a continuous flow column. The model is a coupled thermodynamic and kinetic model that includes inhibition kinetics for the dechlorination reactions, thermodynamic constraints on organic acids fermentation and has incorporated hydrogen competition among microorganisms such as homoacetogenesis, sulfate reducers and ferric iron reducers. The set of equations are coupled to those required for modeling a CSTR. The system of model equations was solved numerically using COMSOL 3.5 a, which employs finite-element methods. The kinetic model was verified by simulation results compared to previously published models and by electron balances. The simulation process progressed by simulating the anaerobic reductive dechlorination, coupled with thermodynamic limitation of electron donor fermentation in batch systems to the modeling of CSTR, and finally to simulate anaerobic reductive dechlorination in continuous flow column, aquifer column including the processes of advection, dispersion and sorption along with the microbial processes of dehalogenation, fermentation, iron and sulfate reduction. The simulations using the developed model captured the general trends of the chemical species, and a good job predicting the dynamics of microbial population responses either the CSTRs or continuous flow column. Although, the kinetic of anaerobic dechlorination processes of chlorinated solvents in those systems have been researched in the past, little progress has been made towards understanding the combined effects of the dechlorination and thermodynamic constraints in continuous flow systems. This work provides a rigorous mathematical model for describing the coupled effects of these processes.
Book Synopsis Synergistic Reductive Dechlorination of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and Trichloroethene and Aerobic Degradation of 1,4-dioxane by : Yihao Luo
Download or read book Synergistic Reductive Dechlorination of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and Trichloroethene and Aerobic Degradation of 1,4-dioxane written by Yihao Luo and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Widespread use of chlorinated solvents for commercial and industrial purposes makes co-occurring contamination by 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), trichloroethene (TCE), and 1,4-dioxane (1,4-D) a serious problem for groundwater. TCE and TCA often are treated by reductive dechlorination, while 1,4-D resists reductive treatment. Aerobic bacteria are able to oxidize 1,4-D, but the biological oxidation of 1,4-D could be inhibited by TCA, TCE, and their reductive transformation products. To overcome the challenges from co-occurring contamination, I propose a two-stage synergistic system. First, anaerobic reduction of the chlorinated hydrocarbons takes place in a H2-based hollow-fiber "X-film" (biofilm or catalyst-coated film) reactor (MXfR), where "X-film" can be a "bio-film0" (MBfR) or an abiotic "palladium-film" (MPfR). Then, aerobic removal of 1,4-D and other organic compounds takes place in an O2-based MBfR. For the reductive part, I tested reductive bio-dechlorination of TCA and TCE simultaneously in an MBfR. I found that the community of anaerobic bacteria can rapidly reduce TCE to cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE), but further reductions of cis-DCE to vinyl chloride (VC) and VC to ethene were inhibited by TCA. Also, it took months to grow a strong biofilm that could reduce TCA and TCE. Another problem with reductive dechlorination in the MBfR is that mono-chloroethane (MCA) was not reduced to ethane. In contrast, a film of palladium nano-particles (PdNPs), i.e., an MPfR, could the simultaneous reductions of TCA and TCE to mainly ethane, with only small amounts of intermediates: 1,1-dichloroethane (DCA) (~3% of total influent TCA and TCE) and MCA (~1%) in continuous operation. For aerobic oxidation, I enriched an ethanotrophic culture that could oxidize 1,4-D with ethane as the primary electron donor. An O2-based MBfR, inoculated with the enriched ethanotrophic culture, achieved over 99% 1,4-D removal with ethane as the primary electron donor in continuous operation. Finally, I evaluated two-stage treatment with a H2-based MPfR followed by an O2-MBfR. The two-stage system gave complete removal of TCA, TCE, and 1,4-D in continuous operation.
