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Reduction Of Particulate Emissions In Turbine Engines Using The 100 Additive
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Book Synopsis Reduction of Particulate Emissions in Turbine Engines Using the +100 Additive by :
Download or read book Reduction of Particulate Emissions in Turbine Engines Using the +100 Additive written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. military spends approximately about $3.5 billion (2003 dollars) per year for aviation fuel. This corresponds to 3 to 4 billion gallons per year (~10% of total U.S. aviation fuel use). The fleet average emission index for particulate matter (PM) has been estimated to be approximately 0.04 g/kg of fuel burned. The total amount of particulate emissions for aircraft in the United States is estimated at 3 million kg per year. Although there is some uncertainty in these estimates, they are consistent with the magnitude being used to estimate global emissions from aircraft (Niedzwiecki, 1998). Airborne particles pose both health and environmental risks. The health effects of particulate matter are related to its ability to penetrate the respiratory system. Particulate matter 2.5 microns or less in diameter (PM2.5) can enter the lungs and end up in lung capillaries and air sacs (alveoli), causing a variety of respiratory problems. Particulate emissions contribute to environmental problems such as visibility impairment (haze) and may contribute to increased signature (infrared emissions) from military aircraft, thus increasing aircraft detectability/vulnerability in enemy territory. Gas turbine engines and ground support equipment are major local sources of PM2.5 particles. The health and environmental concerns from particulate emissions motivated this work to evaluate the use of the +100 (BetzDearborn SpecAid 8Q462) additive in jet fuel as a means to reduce the particulate emissions from military gas turbine engines. The +100 additive was developed to increase the thermal stability of JP-8 fuel in order to reduce carbon buildup in fuel system components and injection nozzles. Mostly military aircraft (~3,000) are currently using the +100 additive; however, the additive is also suitable for commercial aircraft due to the similarities of JP-8 and Jet A.
Book Synopsis Reduction of Particulate Emissions in Turbine Engines Using the +100 Additive ESTCP Project 200121 by :
Download or read book Reduction of Particulate Emissions in Turbine Engines Using the +100 Additive ESTCP Project 200121 written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit: 02-3700 - 02-3749 by :
Download or read book 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit: 02-3700 - 02-3749 written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Emissions from Continuous Combustion Systems by : W. Cornelius
Download or read book Emissions from Continuous Combustion Systems written by W. Cornelius and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume documents the proceedings of the Symposium on Emissions from Continuous Combustion Systems that was held at the General Motors Research Laboratories, Warren, Michigan on September 27 and 28, 1971. This symposium was the fifteenth in an annual series presented by the Research Laboratories. Each symposium has covered a different technical discipline. To be selected as the theme of a symposium, the subject must be timely and of vital interest to General Motors as well as to the technical community at large. For each symposium, the practice is to solicit papers at the forefront of research from recognized authorities in the technical discipline of interest. Approximately sixty scientists and engineers from academic, government and industrial circles in this country and abroad are then invited to join about an equal number of General Motors technical personnel to discuss freely the commissioned papers. The technical portion of the meeting is supplemented by social functions at which ample time is afforded for informal exchanges of ideas amongst the participants. By such a direct interaction of a small and select group of informed participants, it is hoped to extend the boundaries of research in the selected technical field.
Download or read book The Aeronautical Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Use of Fuel Additives to Control Plume Opacity of Turbine Engine Test Cells by : O. M. Loveland
Download or read book The Use of Fuel Additives to Control Plume Opacity of Turbine Engine Test Cells written by O. M. Loveland and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research, a joint Air Force/Navy study, evaluated the use of fuel additives to reduce the opacity of turbine engine test cell emissions. Automated smoke abatement system (ASAS) was used to inject ferrocene and XRG fuel additives into J57-43 turbine engines. Data obtained from this study indicate that ferrocene can be used to control test cell opacity without major impact on engine performance. The XRG fuel additive was not effective in reducing opacity. Major problems encountered with the ASAS were resolved during the project. Recommendations for further improvement of the ASAS were reported. (Author).
Book Synopsis A Review of United States Air Force and Department of Defense Aerospace Propulsion Needs by : National Research Council
Download or read book A Review of United States Air Force and Department of Defense Aerospace Propulsion Needs written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-01-14 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rocket and air-breathing propulsion systems are the foundation on which planning for future aerospace systems rests. A Review of United States Air Force and Department of Defense Aerospace Propulsion Needs assesses the existing technical base in these areas and examines the future Air Force capabilities the base will be expected to support. This report also defines gaps and recommends where future warfighter capabilities not yet fully defined could be met by current science and technology development plans.
Book Synopsis Advanced Fuel Development and Fuel Combustion. Delivery Order 0005: Mitigation of Particulates Using Fuel Additives by :
Download or read book Advanced Fuel Development and Fuel Combustion. Delivery Order 0005: Mitigation of Particulates Using Fuel Additives written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall technical objective of the program was to develop an additive for JP-8, JP-5, and diesel fuels that will reduce both the mass Emissions Index (grams of PM2.5 emissions/kilogram of fuel) and the number density Emissions Index (particle number density of PM2.5 emissions/kilogram of fuel) in the exhaust of military gas turbine engines by 70 percent. This report summarizes the results of work performed at United Technologies Research Center. Baseline studies were performed with ethanol added to ethylene, as the method and procedures could be validated against the existing experimental database. Experiments were performed in laminar premixed burner-stabilized flat flames. Soot was reduced by factors of about 50% with ethanol. Subsequent tests were performed with mixtures of heptane/toluene/ethylene to provide a better simulation of real fuel chemistry. The most significant effects were observed with a proprietary additive which apparently contains a metal. The use of metals is not perceived to be an environmentally acceptable approach. The next most effective additive is a commercial fuel additive, Kleen, which contains a variety of oxygenated (nitro) compounds. Reductions of soot emissions on the order of 30% were observed. Mixed results were obtained with pyridine, and modeling results show negligible influence of this additive. Finally, advances to a fundamental soot formation model were accomplished by comparing simulations of coflow diffusion flames to experimental data sets. This work resulted in proposed changes to the gas-phase kinetics and soot inception models and identifying the importance of treating soot ageing and radiation losses. The overall goal of identifying an additive that can reduce soot emissions by 70% was not achieved, without use of a metal-containing additive or with very high levels of the additive (>10% by weight).
Book Synopsis 37th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit by :
Download or read book 37th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :108 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Coal Gasification by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
Download or read book Coal Gasification written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A study of the control of particulate emissions from turbine engine test cells by : John Edward Stevens
Download or read book A study of the control of particulate emissions from turbine engine test cells written by John Edward Stevens and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Multifunctional Fuel Additives for Reduced Jet Particulate Emissions by :
Download or read book Multifunctional Fuel Additives for Reduced Jet Particulate Emissions written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report was developed under SBIR contract. A study on fuel additives to suppress soot emissions from gas turbines burning JP-8 was completed. The program consisted of a multifaceted approach involving experimental and computational screening tools to assess the effectiveness of multifunctional additives. The experimental program demonstrated that a laminar drop tube furnace at the University of Utah could effectively screen a large number of additives relatively rapidly and inexpensively as a function of furnace temperature, injection orifice size, injection pressure, and oxygen concentration. Additives were found to be most effective under highly oxidizing conditions. Soot reductions of over 90% were observed for metal-containing additives, know ignition enhancers, and a range of proprietary additives. Modeling capabilities for assessing the effectiveness of additives were developed. Soot models using the method of moments and sectional methods were combined with detailed kinetics models for surrogates of JP-8. the models were validated with experimental data in the literature for a number of simple fuels. Detailed Kinetic mechanisms were developed for two ignition enhancers in the study, di-tertiary butyl peroxide and 2-ethyl-hexyl-nitrate. The kinetic models were incorporated in a CFD code to evaluate diffusion flames representative of the drop tube and swirl stabilized combustor.
Book Synopsis 41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit 10-13 July 2005, Tucson, Arizona: 05-4450 - 05-4499 by :
Download or read book 41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit 10-13 July 2005, Tucson, Arizona: 05-4450 - 05-4499 written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Jet Engine Particulate Emissions as a Function of Fuel Formulation (additives) by : Melissa Rae Wilson
Download or read book Jet Engine Particulate Emissions as a Function of Fuel Formulation (additives) written by Melissa Rae Wilson and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Report summaries by : United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Download or read book Report summaries written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Air Pollution Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975-05 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EPA-450/2 written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
