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Redd Deployment Within The Ethiopian Forestry Sector
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Book Synopsis REDD Deployment Within the Ethiopian Forestry Sector by : J. Diels
Download or read book REDD Deployment Within the Ethiopian Forestry Sector written by J. Diels and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is considered as one of the biggest challenges of this time, demanding urgent global response. The forestry sector plays an important role in the climate change debate as it accounts for about 17% of the global green house gas emissions. Because most developing countries have limited resources (socially, technologically and financially) to adapt to climate change, they are the most vulnerable to its effects. Africa, and in particular Ethiopia, is especially vulnerable to climate variability and change, because it has to cope with multiple stresses and has a low adaptive capacity to environmental and social change. Moreover, Ethiopia is faced with a high degree of deforestation and forest degradation. In 2007 the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change introduced the REDD+ policy as a measure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and support developing countries in their efforts to reduce deforestation and forest degradation. REDD+ stands for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation with additional attention to conservation and sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks. It is based on the assumption that forests are only likely to contribute to climate change mitigation if their value increases to a level that makes the protection of forests consistent with socio-economic development strategies. Even though REDD+ is not formally adopted so far and is therefore not yet legally binding, in several countries REDD initiatives are emerging. Moreover, already some international systems for climate payments exist, such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Also Ethiopia is actively involved in the climate change debate. A CDM project has been launched and a REDD+ preparedness programme has been initiated. Also a regional REDD program is currently running. However there is still much uncertainty about how the Ethiopian forestry sector can incorporate climate concerns. To enable a proper implementation of REDD+ in Ethiopia, it is important to have a good understanding about different forestry development options in the country. In a recent effort to identify possible forestry futures, four scenarios were identified on basis of two components that affect the forestry sector. The two components are economic policy and political governance. By combining the two components, four forestry scenarios were identified: 1. Miserable forestry: This scenario can be characterized as Business-As-Usual scenario. It is based on the assumption that the current policy regime continues. The scenario describes a situation in which forest management is highly controlled by the state and decisions are made centrally. The rural economy policy is agricultural based with forestry being of minor importance. 2. Social forestry: In this scenario the rural economy policy is still agricultural based. However the governance system is decentralized, which provides forest dependent people with more secure tenure rights. 3. Economic forestry: In this scenario the economy is moving towards a liberal system and the government systems is decentralized allowing more regional and local authority. This stimulated the development of forestry as an economic enterprise. 4. Forestry in transition: Also this scenario is based on the development of a more liberal economy, resulting in an increase of private sector investments. However, land-use policies are still dominated by the central government and forests remain owned and managed by the state.
Book Synopsis The context of REDD+ in Ethiopia by : Melaku Bekele
Download or read book The context of REDD+ in Ethiopia written by Melaku Bekele and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2015-06-23 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Specifically, the paper identifies and analyzes several direct drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in Ethiopia including: forest clearance for both subsistence and large-scale agriculture; illegal and unsustainable extraction of wood mainly for charcoal and firewood; overgrazing; and recurrent forest fires. It also reviews underlying drivers including: rapid population increase and the associated growing demand for land and energy; extensive legal and institutional gaps including lack of stable and equitable forest tenure; lack of stakeholder participation in forest management and benefit-sharing schemes; and weak law enforcement. These drivers and the dominant actors behind them ranging from small-scale subsistence farmers to national and global investors are discussed in the context of the political economy, including the policy and institutional framework of the country. The implications of the overall forest condition to the objectives and requirements of REDD+ are evaluated, and key issues that need to be addressed for efficient, effective and equitable implementation of REDD+ are discussed. These key issues include: reconciling the apparently contradictory policies and programs, particularly those that negatively affect the forestry sector; improving the forest tenure and governance system; augmenting economic return from forests to communities and individuals; creating more efficient and effective forest institutions at all levels; and enhancing sectoral and regional coordination among implementing agencies.
Book Synopsis REDD+ MRV implementation in Ethiopia by : Bekele, M.
Download or read book REDD+ MRV implementation in Ethiopia written by Bekele, M. and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2019-03-11 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Occasional Paper is a review of the development of Ethiopia’s REDD+ MRV system, its national architecture and policies, progress made so far, and plans for the future. It is not a technical review of the current MRV system. We use published and unpub
Book Synopsis Context of REDD+ in Ethiopia by : Melaku Bekele
Download or read book Context of REDD+ in Ethiopia written by Melaku Bekele and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tenure in REDD written by Lorenzo Cotula and published by IIED. This book was released on 2009 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As new mechanisms for "reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation" (REDD) are being negotiated in international climate change talks, resource tenure must be given greater attention. Tenure over land and trees--the systems of rights, rules, institutions and processes regulating their access and use--will affect the extent to which REDD and related strategies will benefit, or marginalise, forest communities. This report aims to promote debate on the issue. Drawing on experience from seven rainforest countries (Brazil, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Guyana, Indonesia, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea), the report develops a typology of tenure regimes across countries, explores tenure issues in each country, and identifies key challenges to be addressed if REDD is to have equitable and sustainable impact.
Book Synopsis Fostering tenure security for forest landscape restoration in Ethiopia by : McLain, R.
Download or read book Fostering tenure security for forest landscape restoration in Ethiopia written by McLain, R. and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2019-10-04 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Key messagesForest landscape restoration (FLR) initiatives underway in Ethiopia focus on rehabilitating degraded communal lands, planting tree seedlings and engaging communities in natural forest management. Most are initiated and coordinated by the state and suffer from limited cross-sectoral coordination.Since the 1970s, ownership and management of most forests has been vested in the state. Tenure insecurity resulting from absence of state-recognized community and individual rights to forests, along with limited state capacity to enforce forest regulations, have been identified as disincentives to forestry sector investments.In 2018, Ethiopia enacted a national forest law establishing that communities and associations can have forest ownership rights. Ethiopia will need to enact and implement corresponding forest regulations and guidelines to expedite implementation of the 2018 Forest Law (FDRE 2018).Careful revision of the federal 2005 rural land law (FDRE 2005) and regional states’ land proclamations is needed to facilitate implementation of the Forest Law. Other measures needed include establishing and supporting dedicated forestry institutions at all levels of government, strengthening community forest management institutions, and developing procedures for regional state land administration and forestry institutions to work together to demarcate, certify, and classify forests and forested land in a coordinated manner.Development partners need to support efforts to build the capacity of state institutions charged with implementing the forest law and provide assistance to communities so they can organize themselves to actualize their rights enacted in the forest law. Support is needed to raise awareness among key actors about the 2018 Forest Proclamation, increase the forest management capacity of community and governmental institutions, and enhance the technical skills of forest planners, managers and researchers.
Download or read book Realising REDD+ written by Arild Angelsen and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: REDD+ must be transformational. REDD+ requires broad institutional and governance reforms, such as tenure, decentralisation, and corruption control. These reforms will enable departures from business as usual, and involve communities and forest users in making and implementing policies that a ect them. Policies must go beyond forestry. REDD+ strategies must include policies outside the forestry sector narrowly de ned, such as agriculture and energy, and better coordinate across sectors to deal with non-forest drivers of deforestation and degradation. Performance-based payments are key, yet limited. Payments based on performance directly incentivise and compensate forest owners and users. But schemes such as payments for environmental services (PES) depend on conditions, such as secure tenure, solid carbon data and transparent governance, that are often lacking and take time to change. This constraint reinforces the need for broad institutional and policy reforms. We must learn from the past. Many approaches to REDD+ now being considered are similar to previous e orts to conserve and better manage forests, often with limited success. Taking on board lessons learned from past experience will improve the prospects of REDD+ e ectiveness. National circumstances and uncertainty must be factored in. Di erent country contexts will create a variety of REDD+ models with di erent institutional and policy mixes. Uncertainties about the shape of the future global REDD+ system, national readiness and political consensus require exibility and a phased approach to REDD+ implementation.
Book Synopsis State of the Art in Ethiopian Church Forests and Restoration Options by : Mengistie Kindu
Download or read book State of the Art in Ethiopian Church Forests and Restoration Options written by Mengistie Kindu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-12 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, with contributions from leading academics - and including reviews and case studies from Ethiopian Church forests - provides a valuable reference for advanced students and researchers interested in forest and other natural resource management, ecology and ecosystem services as well as restoration options. The book addresses various aspects including a general overview of Ethiopian church forests, the present role and future challenges of church forests. It also discusses their structure and diversity in the context of sustainability and discusses restoration options for surrounding landscapes, under consideration of the circumstances of the land and the needs of surrounding communities. The intended readership includes natural resource professionals in general as well as forestry professionals in particular (practitioners, policymakers, educators and researchers). The book will provide the reader with a good foundation for understanding Ethiopian forest resources and restoration options of degraded landscape.
Book Synopsis The Context of REDD+ in Papua New Guinea: Drivers, agents, and institutions by : Andrea Babon
Download or read book The Context of REDD+ in Papua New Guinea: Drivers, agents, and institutions written by Andrea Babon and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2013-07-06 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides an overview of the context for REDD+ in Papua New Guinea. It describes the main drivers of deforestation and degradation, the institutional and political economic context within which REDD+ is being developed, and maps the evolution of a national REDD+ strategy and associated policy and legislation during 2008–2012. It highlights the opportunities and challenges of developing policies that can provide climate-effective, cost-efficient and equitable REDD+ outcomes for Papua New Guinea. Papua New Guinea’s system of customary land tenure provides both enormous opportunities and challenges for REDD+. Gaining the free, prior and informed consent of customary landowners who own the forests that REDD+ initiatives are designed to protect and developing equitable benefit-sharing mechanisms will be a key challenge. Corruption and a lack of transparency and accountability within the government are significant problems for the country to overcome. Political instability and capacity constraints within the public service also pose challenges to the smooth and steady development and implementation of REDD+ policies. While there appears to be a growing national discourse around good governance and anti-corruption, a complex political economy has thwarted many previous attempts at forest policy reform in the country and REDD+ is likely to face significant opposition from those who currently benefit from the unsustainable exploitation of the country’s forests. But the outlook for REDD+ in Papua New Guinea need not be pessimistic. Many different stakeholder groups including government agencies, civil society organisations, donors, private sector actors and research institutes support the concept of REDD+ in Papua New Guinea. Despite some early missteps in terms of broad stakeholder engagement and national ownership over the policy process, the government has shown genuine progress in developing a transparent and accountable governance structure that can, and is, incorporating the perspectives of multiple stakeholders. Occasional Papers contain research results that are significant to tropical forest issues. This content has been peer reviewed internally and externally. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) CIFOR advances human well-being, environmental conservation and equity by conducting research to help shape policies and practices that affect forests in developing countries. CIFOR is a member of the CGIAR Consortium. Our headquarters are in Bogor, Indonesia, with offices in Asia, Africa and South America.
Book Synopsis Forest Preservation in a Changing Climate by : Sébastien Jodoin
Download or read book Forest Preservation in a Changing Climate written by Sébastien Jodoin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-05 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive socio-legal examination of how global efforts to fight climate change by reducing carbon emissions in the forestry sector (known as REDD+) have affected the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities in developing countries. Grounded in extensive qualitative empirical research conducted globally, the book shows that the transnational legal process for REDD+ has created both serious challenges and unexpected opportunities for the recognition and protection of indigenous and community rights. It reveals that the pursuit of REDD+ has resulted in important variations in how human rights standards are understood and applied across multiple sites of law in the field of REDD+, with mixed results for indigenous peoples and local communities in Indonesia and Tanzania. With its original findings, rigourous research design, and interdisciplinary analytical framework, this book will make a valuable contribution to the study of transnational legal processes in a globalizing world. This title is also available as Open Access.
Book Synopsis Moving Ahead with REDD: Issues, Options and Implications by : Arild Angelsen
Download or read book Moving Ahead with REDD: Issues, Options and Implications written by Arild Angelsen and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis REDD+ on the ground by : Erin O Sills
Download or read book REDD+ on the ground written by Erin O Sills and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2014-12-24 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: REDD+ is one of the leading near-term options for global climate change mitigation. More than 300 subnational REDD+ initiatives have been launched across the tropics, responding to both the call for demonstration activities in the Bali Action Plan and the market for voluntary carbon offset credits.
Book Synopsis Forests and Climate Change by : Anthony Hall
Download or read book Forests and Climate Change written by Anthony Hall and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2012-04-01 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Controlling deforestation, which is responsible for about one-fifth of the world's greenhouse gas emissions, has become a major tool in the battle against global warming. An important new international initiative – Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) – provides economic incentives to forest users to encourage preservation of trees. Nearly all Latin American countries are introducing national REDD strategies and pilot schemes. This insightful book raises questions over some of the basic assumptions that underpin REDD policies in Latin America. It raises doubts about whether sufficient account is being taken of the complex social, economic, cultural and governance dimensions involved, advocating a comprehensive 'social development' approach to REDD planning. Forests and Climate Change is the first book to comprehensively examine REDD policies across Latin America, including a focus on social aspects. It will prove invaluable for academics and postgraduate students in the fields of environmental studies, environmental politics, geography, social planning, social and environmental impact assessment, development studies, and Latin American area studies. Policy-makers, planners and practitioners working on REDD at national and international levels (both official and NGO sectors) will also find plenty of refreshing data in this much-needed resource.
Book Synopsis The context of REDD+ in Nepal: Drivers, agents and institutions by : Naya S. Paudel
Download or read book The context of REDD+ in Nepal: Drivers, agents and institutions written by Naya S. Paudel and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2013-01-23 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides an overview of Nepals initiatives on readiness for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+). It presents the status of forest cover change; identifies the drivers of deforestation, institutional and distributional factors in the country; analyses the political economy of land use change; revisits the REDD+ process; and assesses prospects for effective, efficient and equitable outcomes of the same. Nepal has a high rate of deforestation and forest degradation, though there exists no robust, comprehensive orupdated information to show the precise rate. Multiple driverssuch as high dependency on forests, over harvesting, weak governance, landlessness and high opportunity costs for agricultural expansioncontribute to deforestation. The governments capacity to monitor and address these drivers and underlying causes appears inadequate. Forest officials, civil society organisations and donors exhibit strong enthusiasm for and active involvement in REDD+. Over half a dozen diverse REDD+ readiness initiatives are being implemented by the government and non-state actors. REDD+ implementation has adopted a participatory and multi-stakeholder process usually involving government agencies, civil society organisations and development partners. However, this process is largely detached from the complex dynamics of deforestation and appears to be limited to technical, administrative and peripheral issues. The core issues of forest tenure security and governance reform have not received adequate attention. A robust policy, legal and institutional foundation for community forestry and well-functioning community institutions provide a strong foundation for REDD implementation in Nepal. However, there are enormous challenges from the larger political and socio-economic context, the paucity and diversity of institutional arrangements and the unique nature and distribution of forest types.
Book Synopsis Tenure Rights and Benefit Sharing Arrangements for REDD by : Donal Yeang
Download or read book Tenure Rights and Benefit Sharing Arrangements for REDD written by Donal Yeang and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-08-31 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2010 in the subject Forestry / Forestry Economics, grade: B, Wageningen University, course: Forestry / Forestry Economics, language: English, abstract: Deforestation and forest degradation account for up to 20% of the total annual anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, current approaches to address climate change include strategies to reduce deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (REDD). Even though REDD is still under discussion within the UNFCCC framework, many REDD pilot projects are being implemented across the tropics. Securing local communities’ tenure rights and their equitable access to forest conservation benefits are critical in REDD because local communities could be excluded from REDD benefits if their land and forest access rights are not adequately addressed. In Cambodia, two REDD pilot projects: Community Forestry Carbon Offset Project (CFCOP) in Oddar Meanchey province and the Seima Protection Forest Project (SPF) in Mundulkiri province, are being implemented. This study aims to contribute to the development of an effective REDD mechanism in Cambodia by examining land and forest tenures and benefit sharing arrangements under the two REDD pilot projects in Cambodia. The paper employs concepts of discourse coalitions and rules of the game to explain tenure rights and benefit sharing arrangements in the two projects. The study is based on literature review, analysis of key text documents and interviews with 19 respondents from government, civil society, donor community, community and private sector involved in the two REDD pilot projects and from outside. Results show that the two REDD pilot projects are being implemented in community forests and protection forests. In both projects, local communities are granted forest access rights. In addition, the projects have legitimized tenure rights of local communities in the project areas as provided for through the Land and Forestry Law in Cambodia. The study also indicates that revenues from carbon credits generated by the projects will be shared with the local communities. According to the Government Decision No.699, more than 50% of net revenues will be channeled to local communities in the CFCOP while the sharing of the revenues in the SPF is still under consideration. The study offers lessons that could guide other REDD projects in securing local communities’ forest access rights and their rights to benefits from forest conservation.
Book Synopsis Revisiting the REDD+ experience in Indonesia by : Nofyanza, S.
Download or read book Revisiting the REDD+ experience in Indonesia written by Nofyanza, S. and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2020-12-21 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Key messages In Indonesia, early involvement and support for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) has led to numerous achievements, but progress has been slower than anticipated. National and subnational REDD+ initiatives are susceptible to political turnover at each election cycle. To ensure its longevity, REDD+ needs to be embedded in national and regional laws, regulations, institutions and other state devices. REDD+ institutionalization in Indonesia has focused on technicalities rather than on directly addressing socioeconomic and political drivers of deforestation and forest degradation. The rate of deforestation has decelerated enough to result in two REDD+ payments. However, transformational change in the forestry and broader land-use sector has not progressed far enough. REDD+ is inherently multilevel and multisectoral. However, much information, action, knowledge exchange and decision making on REDD+ is concentrated within relatively few organizations. Transformational change requires that other stakeholders and sectors that impact forests get involved.
Book Synopsis Redeeming REDD by : Michael I. Brown
Download or read book Redeeming REDD written by Michael I. Brown and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-26 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is now well accepted that deforestation is a key source of greenhouse gas emissions and of climate change, with forests representing major sinks for carbon. As a result, public and private initiatives for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) have been widely endorsed by policy-makers. A key issue is the feasibility of carbon trading or other incentives to encourage land-owners and indigenous people, particularly in developing tropical countries, to conserve forests, rather than to cut them down for agricultural or other development purposes. This book presents a major critique of the aims and policies of REDD as currently structured, particularly in terms of their social feasibility. It is shown how the claims to be able to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as well as enhance people's livelihoods and biodiversity conservation are unrealistic. There is a naive assumption that technical or economic fixes are sufficient for success. However, the social and governance aspects of REDD, and its enhanced version known as REDD+, are shown to be implausible. Instead to enhance REDD's prospects, the author provides a roadmap for developing a new social contract that puts people first.
