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Red Coralline Algae And Climate Change
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Book Synopsis Red Coralline Algae and Climate Change by : Maren Isabelle Pauly
Download or read book Red Coralline Algae and Climate Change written by Maren Isabelle Pauly and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Past ocean acidification recorded in the geological record facilitates the understanding of rates and influences of contemporary pCO2 enrichment. High resolution proxies of pCO2 and pH can be used to reconstruct components of the palaeocarbonate system. At present, most pH reconstructions are made using boron isotopes, however, there is some uncertainty associated with vital effects and isotopic fractionation. In addition to contemporary ocean acidification, marine organisms currently experience thermal stress associated with increasing atmospheric temperatures. Here we present a study of the influences of multiple stressors on the growth and structure of a marine carbonate, predicted to occur within this century, and a novel structural proxy for carbonate chemistry; Mg-O bond strength in coralline algae. Free living Lithothamnion glaciale algae were incubated in control (380ppm pCO2), moderate acidification (750ppm pCO2) and high acidification (1000ppm pCO2) at ambient and enhanced (+2°C) temperature conditions for 24 months. Coralline algae growth (linear extension) was highly dependent on temperature, with +2°C samples experiencing significantly reduced growth. No significant correlation was found between pCO2 and growth, indicating L. glaciale's ability to acclimatize. Relative magnesium concentration and Mg-O bond strength within the high-Mg skeleton cyclically over an annual cycle. For all seasons there was a positive linear relationship between pCO2 concentration and bond strength mediated by positional disorder of the calcite lattice. Structural preservation of the carbonate chemistry system in coralline algal high Mg calcite represents an alternative approach to reconstructing marine carbonate chemistry parameters based on skeletal structure rather than chemistry.
Book Synopsis Will Coralline Algae Reef Mitigate Climate Change Effects on Associated Fauna? by :
Download or read book Will Coralline Algae Reef Mitigate Climate Change Effects on Associated Fauna? written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Global Climate Change and Coral Reefs by : Clive R. Wilkinson
Download or read book Global Climate Change and Coral Reefs written by Clive R. Wilkinson and published by IUCN. This book was released on 1994 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A global overview of the potential impacts of climate change and sea level rise on coral reefs, and of the implications of such impacts for ecological sustainable use of coral reefs. Includes information on the status and trends of reef conservation and use around the world, and suggestions for management of reefs in a changing world.
Book Synopsis The Future of Coral Reefs Subject to Rapid Climate Change: Lessons from Natural Extreme Environments by : Emma F. Camp
Download or read book The Future of Coral Reefs Subject to Rapid Climate Change: Lessons from Natural Extreme Environments written by Emma F. Camp and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-01-22 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examination of corals and reef-associated organisms which endure in extreme coral reef environments is challenging our understanding of the conditions that organisms can survive under. By studying individuals naturally adapted to unfavorable conditions, we begin to better understand the important traits required to survive rapid environmental and climate change. This Research Topic, comprising reviews, and original research articles, demonstrates the current state of knowledge regarding the diversity of extreme coral habitats, the species that have been studied, and the knowledge to-date on the mechanisms, traits and trade-offs that have facilitated survival.
Book Synopsis Edible Sea Urchins: Biology and Ecology by : John M. Lawrence
Download or read book Edible Sea Urchins: Biology and Ecology written by John M. Lawrence and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-05-21 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sea urchins are a major component of marine environments found throughout the world's oceans. A major model for research in developmental biology, they are also of major economic importance in many regions and interest in their management and aquaculture has increased greatly in recent years. This book provides a synthesis of biological and ecological characteristics of sea urchins that are of basic scientific interest and also essential for effective fisheries management and aquaculture. General chapters consider characteristics of sea urchins as a whole. In addition, specific chapters are devoted to the ecology of 17 species that are of major commercial interest and ecological importance. Features include: • A synthesis of what is known about the basic biological characteristics of the sea urchin, useful for the direction of future research. • Case histories of 17 species that illustrate their ecological role in a variety of environments. • With the catastrophic decline in fisheries resulting primarily from over-fishing, it is essential that the populations be managed effectively and that aquaculture be developed. This book provides knowledge of the biology and ecology of the commercially important sea urchins that will contribute to these goals. • The only book available in present literature devoted to sea urchins. With this new title experts provide a broad synthetic treatment and in depth analysis of the biology and ecology of sea urchins from around the world, designed to provide an understanding of the group and the basis for fisheries management and aquaculture.
Book Synopsis Environmental ScienceBites by : Kylienne A. Clark
Download or read book Environmental ScienceBites written by Kylienne A. Clark and published by The Ohio State University. This book was released on 2015-09-15 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was written by undergraduate students at The Ohio State University (OSU) who were enrolled in the class Introduction to Environmental Science. The chapters describe some of Earth's major environmental challenges and discuss ways that humans are using cutting-edge science and engineering to provide sustainable solutions to these problems. Topics are as diverse as the students, who represent virtually every department, school and college at OSU. The environmental issue that is described in each chapter is particularly important to the author, who hopes that their story will serve as inspiration to protect Earth for all life.
Book Synopsis Coral Reefs and Climate Change by : Jonathan Turnbull Phinney
Download or read book Coral Reefs and Climate Change written by Jonathan Turnbull Phinney and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2006-01-10 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Coastal and Estuarine Studies, Volume 61. The effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and related climate change on shallow coral reefs are gaining considerable attention for scientific and economic reasons worldwide. Although increased scientific research has improved our understanding of the response of coral reefs to climate change, we still lack key information that can help guide reef management. Research and monitoring of coral reef ecosystems over the past few decades have documented two major threats related to increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2: (1) increased sea surface temperatures and (2) increased seawater acidity (lower pH). Higher atmospheric CO2 levels have resulted in rising sea surface temperatures and proven to be an acute threat to corals and other reef-dwelling organisms. Short periods (days) of elevated sea surface temperatures by as little as 1–2°C above the normal maximum temperature has led to more frequent and more widespread episodes of coral bleaching-the expulsion of symbiotic algae. A more chronic consequence of increasing atmospheric CO2 is the lowering of pH of surface waters, which affects the rate at which corals and other reef organisms secrete and build their calcium carbonate skeletons. Average pH of the surface ocean has already decreased by an estimated 0.1 unit since preindustrial times, and will continue to decline in concert with rising atmospheric CO2. These climate-related Stressors combined with other direct anthropogenic assaults, such as overfishing and pollution, weaken reef organisms and increase their susceptibility to disease.
Book Synopsis Coralline Algae: Globally Distributed Ecosystem Engineers by : Laurie Carol Hofmann
Download or read book Coralline Algae: Globally Distributed Ecosystem Engineers written by Laurie Carol Hofmann and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-07-08 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification on Corallinaceae Coralline Algae by : Jessie Ann Short
Download or read book The Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification on Corallinaceae Coralline Algae written by Jessie Ann Short and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Truncated] Coralline algae (Rhodophyta, Corallinaceae) are a ubiquitous group of calcifying red macroalgae, which form an integral component of a diverse range of ecosystems worldwide. The effects of environmental change on ecologically important taxa, such as the coralline algae, have major implications for the future fate of marine ecosystems. Understanding how particular habitats will be affected by environmental change is currently of great interest, as this knowledge will contribute to the effective protection and management of the marine environment in the coming decades. Coralline algae are sensitive to the increases in seawater temperature and CO2 predicted with global climate change due to the negative effects of these changes on the process of calcification. In contrast, fleshy (non-calcifying) algal species can respond in a positive manner to ocean warming and acidification. As such, a shift in dominance from calcifying to fleshy algal species is predicted for many marine communities. Since coralline and fleshy algae occupy many of the same benthic habitats, understanding how differential responses to environmental change will affect the interaction between them is important for predicting future changes in community structure. Thus, the general aims of this thesis were to assess the effects of ocean warming and acidification on 1) coralline algal metabolism and 2) the interaction between coralline algae and fleshy algae.
Book Synopsis Coral Reefs of the Red Sea by : Christian R. Voolstra
Download or read book Coral Reefs of the Red Sea written by Christian R. Voolstra and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a complete review and reference work for scientists, engineers, and students concerned with coral reefs in the Red Sea. It provides an up-to-date review on the geology, ecology, and physiology of coral reef ecosystems in the Red Sea, including data from most recent molecular studies. The Red Sea harbours a set of unique ecological characteristics, such as high temperature, high alkalinity, and high salinity, in a quasi-isolated environment. This makes it a perfect laboratory to study and understand adaptation in regard to the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems. This book can be used as a general reference, guide, or textbook.
Book Synopsis Sea-level research: a manual for the collection and evaluation of data by : O. van de Plassche
Download or read book Sea-level research: a manual for the collection and evaluation of data written by O. van de Plassche and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-20 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An editorial by Wanless (1982), entitled "Sea level is rising - so what?", tells the case of an executive editor of a major city newspaper, who, when confronted with evi dence for a recent sea-level rise, replied: "That just means the ocean is six inches deeper, doesn't it?". Whether his "so what?" attitude was real or put on to dike a threat of sensation, there is at present a wide and deepening interest in ongoing and future global sea-level change. This interest has grown along with the concern over global warming due to increasing levels of C02 and trace gases. A stage has been reached where investigators of climat- sea-level relationships call for long-term measurement programmes for ice-volume changes (using satellite altimetry) and changes in temperature and salinity of the oceans (ther mal expansion). This manual, however, is primarily concerned with sea level changes in the past, mainly since the end of the last glaciation. Its major objective is to help answer the ques tion: "how?", which, of course, is little else but to assist in the gathering of fuel for the burning question: "why?" Good fuel, hopefully, for the less smoke and ashes, and the more heat and light produced by that fire, the better scientists are enabled to develop a quantitative under standing of past, and hence of future, sea-level changes on different spatial and temporal scales.
Book Synopsis Coralline Algae: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives by : Laurie Carol Hofmann
Download or read book Coralline Algae: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives written by Laurie Carol Hofmann and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-12-28 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Rhodolith/Maërl Beds: A Global Perspective by : Rafael Riosmena-Rodríguez
Download or read book Rhodolith/Maërl Beds: A Global Perspective written by Rafael Riosmena-Rodríguez and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-07 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rhodolith beds are recognized internationally as a unique ecosystem, and they are the focus of this interdisciplinary book. These marine beds occur worldwide, from the tropics to the poles, ranging in depth from intertidal to deep subtidal habitats and they are also represented in extensive fossil deposits. In the light of international interest in rhodoliths and maerl concerning their role in coastal ecosystems and with respect to biodiversity, fisheries, and the production of sediment, this book provides the most comprehensive view possible. As readers will discover, rhodoliths/maerl are fundamental to a range of ecological processes, acting as ecosystem engineers including playing key roles in recruitment and providing nursery habitats. Rhodoliths/maerl have been used commercially in some parts of the world, and they are understood to be vulnerable to coastal modifications and human-induced change, and hence their status may serve as an indicator of ecosystem health. Rhodoliths/maerl contribute to global carbon budgets although the extent remains to be evaluated, as do the potential impacts of changing global climates and ocean acidification.
Book Synopsis Subarctic Crustose Coralline Algae as Recorders of Past Climatic and Environmental Change by : Phoebe Tsz-Wai Chan
Download or read book Subarctic Crustose Coralline Algae as Recorders of Past Climatic and Environmental Change written by Phoebe Tsz-Wai Chan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If unabated, the continued anthropogenic release of carbon dioxide is expected to lead to warming and acidification of ocean waters, with widespread and detrimental impacts on marine ecosystems. Proxy records stored in biomineralized shells and skeletons of long-lived paleoclimate archives are essential for understanding long-term climate variability - previously unresolvable based on spatiotemporally limited observations. In this dissertation, geochemical and physical proxies from Clathromorphum spp. crustose coralline algae (CCA) are used for interpreting past climatic and environmental changes in the subarctic North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans. Micro-computed tomography techniques are used to examine the algal skeleton, and reveal changes in skeletal density in relation to recently observed acidification off the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Metabolic trade-offs associated with continued growth and calcification in acidifying seawaters may have resulted in the production of weaker (less-dense) skeletons since 1980. However, correlations indicate that in addition to acidification, sunlight availability and temperature stress are also important factors influencing the ability of CCA to calcify. Furthermore, barium-to-calcium (Ba/Ca) ratios are utilized as proxies for phytoplankton productivity in northern Labrador, Canada, such that: Higher (lower) algal Ba/Ca values are interpreted as decreased (increased) productivity coinciding with the expansion (melting) of sea-ice. This multi-centennial record of algal Ba/Ca indicates a long-term increase in North Atlantic productivity that is unprecedented in the last 365 years. Conversely, in mountainous coastal regions surrounding the Gulf of Alaska where high sediment loads are present in seasonal runoff, algal Ba/Ca is used as an indicator for freshwater runoff. Ba/Ca is inversely correlated to instrumental salinity, and indicates a unique period of freshening (2001 â 2006) that is related to increasing glacial melt and precipitation on mainland Alaska. The results presented here illustrate the physiological responses of coralline algae to acidification, and provides much-needed data for future projections of climate and environmental change.
Book Synopsis Ocean Acidification by : National Research Council
Download or read book Ocean Acidification written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-09-14 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ocean has absorbed a significant portion of all human-made carbon dioxide emissions. This benefits human society by moderating the rate of climate change, but also causes unprecedented changes to ocean chemistry. Carbon dioxide taken up by the ocean decreases the pH of the water and leads to a suite of chemical changes collectively known as ocean acidification. The long term consequences of ocean acidification are not known, but are expected to result in changes to many ecosystems and the services they provide to society. Ocean Acidification: A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean reviews the current state of knowledge, explores gaps in understanding, and identifies several key findings. Like climate change, ocean acidification is a growing global problem that will intensify with continued CO2 emissions and has the potential to change marine ecosystems and affect benefits to society. The federal government has taken positive initial steps by developing a national ocean acidification program, but more information is needed to fully understand and address the threat that ocean acidification may pose to marine ecosystems and the services they provide. In addition, a global observation network of chemical and biological sensors is needed to monitor changes in ocean conditions attributable to acidification.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs by : David Hopley
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs written by David Hopley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-26 with total page 1226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coral reefs are the largest landforms built by plants and animals. Their study therefore incorporates a wide range of disciplines. This encyclopedia approaches coral reefs from an earth science perspective, concentrating especially on modern reefs. Currently coral reefs are under high stress, most prominently from climate change with changes to water temperature, sea level and ocean acidification particularly damaging. Modern reefs have evolved through the massive environmental changes of the Quaternary with long periods of exposure during glacially lowered sea level periods and short periods of interglacial growth. The entries in this encyclopedia condense the large amount of work carried out since Charles Darwin first attempted to understand reef evolution. Leading authorities from many countries have contributed to the entries covering areas of geology, geography and ecology, providing comprehensive access to the most up-to-date research on the structure, form and processes operating on Quaternary coral reefs.
Book Synopsis Coral Reefs: An Ecosystem in Transition by : Zvy Dubinsky
Download or read book Coral Reefs: An Ecosystem in Transition written by Zvy Dubinsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-02 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers in one volume materials scattered in hundreds of research articles, in most cases focusing on specialized aspects of coral biology. In addition to the latest developments in coral evolution and physiology, it presents chapters devoted to novel frontiers in coral reef research. These include the molecular biology of corals and their symbiotic algae, remote sensing of reef systems, ecology of coral disease spread, effects of various scenarios of global climate change, ocean acidification effects of increasing CO2 levels on coral calcification, and damaged coral reef remediation. Beyond extensive coverage of the above aspects, key issues regarding the coral organism and the reef ecosystem such as calcification, reproduction, modeling, algae, reef invertebrates, competition and fish are re-evaluated in the light of new research and emerging insights. In all chapters novel theories as well as challenges to established paradigms are introduced, evaluated and discussed. This volume is indispensible for all those involved in coral reef management and conservation.
