Recovery Of Whole Soil Conditions Through Restoration From Agriculture And Its Role In Mediating Plant Plant Competition

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Recovery of Whole Soil Conditions Through Restoration from Agriculture and Its Role in Mediating Plant-plant Competition

Author : Drew Austin Scott
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (952 download)

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Book Synopsis Recovery of Whole Soil Conditions Through Restoration from Agriculture and Its Role in Mediating Plant-plant Competition by : Drew Austin Scott

Download or read book Recovery of Whole Soil Conditions Through Restoration from Agriculture and Its Role in Mediating Plant-plant Competition written by Drew Austin Scott and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The tallgrass prairie has been severely reduced in size, making restoration important to maintain communities and functions of this ecosystem. A chronosequence approach was used to determine recovery of physical and biological soil properties. The recovery models of soil properties provided information to explain the variation in total C stock of the whole soil. Recovery models also provided information to design a competition experiment based on variation in whole soil conditions with land use history. The filter framework hypothesis is a useful concept for examining tallgrass prairie restoration; the theory states only a subset of species in the region will be able to establish in a specific location due to abiotic and biotic filters. With this theory in mind, I explored the influence of whole soil conditions as affected by land use history (cultivation/restoration) and how these conditions altered plant-plant competition dynamics of a dominant grass was studied. Belowground plant biomass recovers with cessation of tillage and restoration back to prairie, providing an organic matter source for microbial populations to recover and soil macroaggregates to form. This has potential to increase C sequestration in soils and decrease nitrous oxide efflux from soils. Intact 5.5 cm dia cores were collected to a depth of 10 cm in each field to determine physical and biological soil properties. Belowground plant, microbial community, and soil structure properties were modeled to recover coinciding with an increase in total C stock of the whole soil. Structural equation modeling revealed that soil structure physically protecting organic matter explained the most variation in soil carbon sequestration with restoration. Most of the total C was contained within the macroaggregate size fraction; within this fraction most of that C is within the microaggregates within macroaggregates fraction. Soil structure is critical for recovery of soil carbon stocks and the microaggregate within macroaggregate fraction is the best diagnostic of sequestered C. ANCOVA results indicate that while the slopes of nitrous oxide efflux rates did not differ, cumulative efflux differed, though this was not related to time since restoration. Dominant grasses, such as Andropogon gerardii, can exclude subordinate species from grassland restorations. Thus, understanding changes in competition dynamics of dominant grasses could help maintain richness in grassland restorations. There may be changes in competition dynamics with whole soil conditions affected by land use history (cultivation/restoration) as plant available nutrients will decrease, microbial populations will increase, and soil structure will improve with restoration from cultivation to prairie. Using 4 soil treatments of varying land use history with four species treatments, to determine if effects are general or species specific, pairwise substitution competition experiments were conducted. Relative A. gerardii response to competition was compared among soil and species treatments using competition intensity and competition importance indices utilizing final plant biomass, relative growth rate based on maximum height, and net absolute tiller appearance rate. The experiment was conducted over 18 weeks, allowing A. gerardii to flower. A significant intensity result and significant importance results utilizing biomass measurements indicated that the 16 year restored prairie soil cause A. gerardii to be a relatively better competitor against forbs than in all other soils except for cultivated soil, likely due to positive plant-soil feedbacks. Significant importance results utilizing tiller appearance rate indicated that the cultivated and 3 year restored prairie soil caused A. gerardii to be a relatively better competitor than in the 16 year restored and never cultivated native prairie soils, likely due to changes in whole soil conditions related to land use history. There were only general soil effects, as soil treatments did not interact with species treatments. A. gerardii was a relatively better competitor against non-leguminous forbs, indicating that legumes are a better competitor for a limiting nutrient than A. gerardii or that this species is not in direct competition with legumes.

Soil Health Restoration and Management

Author : Ram Swaroop Meena
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 981138570X
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil Health Restoration and Management by : Ram Swaroop Meena

Download or read book Soil Health Restoration and Management written by Ram Swaroop Meena and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-23 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Meeting the food requirements of an ever-increasing population is a pressing challenge for every country around the globe. Soil degradation has a negative impact on food security by reducing the cultivated land areas, while at the same time the world population is predicted to increase to 9.2 billion in 2050. Soil degradation adversely affects soil function and productivity and degraded soils now amount to 6 billion ha worldwide. The major factors are salinization, erosion, depletion of nutrients due to exhaustive agricultural practices and contamination with toxic metal ions and agrochemicals, which reduces the activity of soil microbe. In addition, poor soil management also decreases fertility. As such, measures are required to restore the soil health and productivity: organic matter, beneficial microorganisms and nutrient dynamics can all improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. Understanding the role of soil health restoration and management in sustainability and nutritional security calls for a holistic approach to assess soil functions and examine the contributions of a particular management system within a defined timescale. Further, best management practices in cropping systems are important in ensuring sustainability and food and nutritional security without compromising the soil quality and productivity potential. Rational soil management practices must allow environmentally and economically sustainable yields and restoration of soil health.

Prospects for Soil Regeneration and Its Impact on Environmental Protection

Author : Sesan Abiodun Aransiola
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031532708
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Prospects for Soil Regeneration and Its Impact on Environmental Protection by : Sesan Abiodun Aransiola

Download or read book Prospects for Soil Regeneration and Its Impact on Environmental Protection written by Sesan Abiodun Aransiola and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Biotic and Abiotic Drivers of Soil Microbial Community Recovery and Ecosystem Change During Grassland Restoration

Author : Elizabeth Marie Bach
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (624 download)

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Book Synopsis Biotic and Abiotic Drivers of Soil Microbial Community Recovery and Ecosystem Change During Grassland Restoration by : Elizabeth Marie Bach

Download or read book Biotic and Abiotic Drivers of Soil Microbial Community Recovery and Ecosystem Change During Grassland Restoration written by Elizabeth Marie Bach and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tallgrass prairies have some of the deepest and most fertile topsoil on earth. Widespread conversion of these grasslands to agriculture has decreased soil Carbon (C) storage by exacerbating erosion and disrupting aggregates that protect C from decomposition, coupled with lower plant C inputs. Thus, a primary goal of some grassland restorations is to improve soil structure and functioning. Conversion of cultivated systems to perennial grasslands often increases soil C, microbial biomass, and soil aggregate size and stability. The objective of this work was twofold: (1) to explore the importance of soil texture and (2) determine plant diversity effects on recovery of soil biotic and abiotic properties. Overall, this work indicates that rates and success of belowground recovery are dependent on both abiotic and biotic factors in restoration. Restored plant communities affected soil recovery as dominant C4 grasses appeared to drive belowground recovery, but recovery depended on soil texture.

Adaptive Soil Management : From Theory to Practices

Author : Amitava Rakshit
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811036381
Total Pages : 572 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Adaptive Soil Management : From Theory to Practices by : Amitava Rakshit

Download or read book Adaptive Soil Management : From Theory to Practices written by Amitava Rakshit and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-15 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses in detail on learning and adapting through partnerships between managers, scientists, and other stakeholders who learn together how to create and maintain sustainable resource systems. As natural areas shrink and fragment, our ability to sustain economic growth and safeguard biological diversity and ecological integrity is increasingly being put to the test. In attempting to meet this unprecedented challenge, adaptive management is becoming a viable alternative for broader application. Adaptive management is an iterative decision-making process which is both operationally and conceptually simple and which incorporates users to acknowledge and account for uncertainty, and sustain an operating environment that promotes its reduction through careful planning, evaluation, and learning until the desired results are achieved. This multifaceted approach requires clearly defined management objectives to guide decisions about what actions to take, and explicit assumptions about expected outcomes to compare against actual outcomes. In this edited book, we address the issue by pursuing a holistic and systematic approach that utilizes natural resources to reap sustainable environmental, economic and social benefits for adaptive management, helping to ensure that relationships between land, water and plants are managed in ways that mimic nature.

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1008 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture by :

Download or read book Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 1008 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Complete Guide to Restoring Your Soil

Author : Dale Strickler
Publisher : Storey Publishing, LLC
ISBN 13 : 1635862256
Total Pages : 716 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (358 download)

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Book Synopsis The Complete Guide to Restoring Your Soil by : Dale Strickler

Download or read book The Complete Guide to Restoring Your Soil written by Dale Strickler and published by Storey Publishing, LLC. This book was released on 2021-10-26 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Healthy soil is key to sustaining life on Earth. While more and more people are starting to see the need for soil restoration, there is very little understanding of just how it can be accomplished. There is a rapidly emerging demand for a “how to” manual for soil restoration. Dale Strickler is an expert on building healthy soil and restoring degraded soil, and in The Complete Guide to Restoring Your Soil, he presents the science of soil, along with proven methods of restoring depleted soil and agricultural practices from around the world that continue to build soil, rather than cause it to deteriorate. Strickler provides a solid foundation in the science of healthy soil, explaining how soil has become so degraded over time and the dire consequences for the human species, not just in terms of food scarcity but also the social, health, and environmental consequences of growing food in poor soil. He addresses the chemical, physical, and biological principles behind soil function, and presents actual farming practices that can be used to regenerate soil, techniques and strategies for remediating contaminated soil, and agriculture systems both past and present that functioned to build soil, such as the ancient chinampas systems of Mexico and the permaculture systems of today. This publication conforms to the EPUB Accessibility specification at WCAG 2.0 Level AA.

The Role of Dispersal and Transmission in Structuring Microbial Communities

Author : Peter Deines
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832506798
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis The Role of Dispersal and Transmission in Structuring Microbial Communities by : Peter Deines

Download or read book The Role of Dispersal and Transmission in Structuring Microbial Communities written by Peter Deines and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-22 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Soil Remediation and Rehabilitation

Author : Helmut Meuser
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400757514
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil Remediation and Rehabilitation by : Helmut Meuser

Download or read book Soil Remediation and Rehabilitation written by Helmut Meuser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-11 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of remediation and rehabilitation techniques and strategies for contaminated and anthropogenically disturbed land. Rehabilitation approaches in the urban environment, such as brownfield redevelopment and urban mining, are discussed. In relation to contaminated land, techniques for soil containment and decontamination of soil, soil vapour and groundwater are comprehensively and systematically presented. Complicated treatment techniques are schematically depicted and can be readily understood. Agricultural, silvicultural and environmentally sustainable rehabilitation strategies for reclaiming disturbed land/terrain in former mining or natural-resource extraction areas, such as open-cast mines, quarries, harvested peatlands, and subsided mining terrain (sinkholes), are introduced. This book will be a useful tool for students, researchers, private consultants and public authorities engaged in the treatment of contaminated or disturbed land.

Management-intensive Grazing

Author : Jim Gerrish
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780972159708
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (597 download)

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Book Synopsis Management-intensive Grazing by : Jim Gerrish

Download or read book Management-intensive Grazing written by Jim Gerrish and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using vivid images and detailed explanations, Gerrish takes graziers step by step through the MiG system. He begins from the ground up with the soil, and advances through the management of pastures and animals. Written for those new to MiG grazing, Gerrish's insight and personal experience can help experienced graziers fine tune their grazing operations for added income.

Tools for Soil Management and Restoration

Author : Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781536159080
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (59 download)

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Book Synopsis Tools for Soil Management and Restoration by : Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja

Download or read book Tools for Soil Management and Restoration written by Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural ecosystems provide the basic conditions without which humanity could not survive. Goods and services provided by ecosystems include, for example, provision of food, fibre and fuel, purification of water and air, cultural and aesthetic benefits, stabilization and moderation of the Earth's climate, generation and renewal of soil fertility, including nutrient cycling or maintenance of genetic resources as key inputs to crop varieties and livestock breeds, medicines, and other products. However, the ability of natural ecosystems to continue performing these services is seriously threatened because plant species diversity or soil are being seriously deteriorated, and in some cases destroyed. While loss of species has always occurred as a natural phenomenon, the pace of extinction has accelerated dramatically as a result of human activity. Ecosystems are being fragmented or eliminated, and innumerable species are in decline or already extinct. At the same time, various studies worldwide have shown that soils do not support intensive annual plant cultivation without fertilizer applications and even these may not maintain sustainability. Inappropriate silvicultural operations or the use of land for intensive agricultural purposes is one of the main causes of soil degradation, and there is therefore worldwide interest in quantifying the loss of soil quality generated by incorrect agricultural operations or forest management practises. This can only happen if people have the right information, skills, and organizations for understanding and dealing with soil and plant diversity issues. This books deals with soil management and restoration strategies in order to maintain soil quality avoiding soil deterioration. Throughout the book, different authors present very interesting works related to the nitrogen status of containerized Australian blackwood (Acacia Melanoxylon) seedings, soil carbon stocks in different vegetation types, biological soil crusts distribution in China sandy soils, ash soil fertilizers, the watershed management of badland areas, effects of pipeline construction-related disturbances on soil properties, soil quality indicators and soil hydrology in dry areas and aggregate characteristics within the soil active layer.

Rewilding European Landscapes

Author : Henrique M. Pereira
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319120395
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Rewilding European Landscapes by : Henrique M. Pereira

Download or read book Rewilding European Landscapes written by Henrique M. Pereira and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-04 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some European lands have been progressively alleviated of human pressures, particularly traditional agriculture in remote areas. This book proposes that this land abandonment can be seen as an opportunity to restore natural ecosystems via rewilding. We define rewilding as the passive management of ecological successions having in mind the long-term goal of restoring natural ecosystem processes. The book aims at introducing the concept of rewilding to scientists, students and practitioners. The first part presents the theory of rewilding in the European context. The second part of the book directly addresses the link between rewilding, biodiversity, and habitats. The third and last part is dedicated to practical aspects of the implementation of rewilding as a land management option. We believe that this book will both set the basis for future research on rewilding and help practitioners think about how rewilding can take place in areas under their management.

For the Love of Soil

Author : Nicole Masters
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis For the Love of Soil by : Nicole Masters

Download or read book For the Love of Soil written by Nicole Masters and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Learn a roadmap to healthy soil and revitalised food systems to powerfully address these times of challenge. This book equips producers with knowledge, skills and insights to regenerate ecosystem health and grow farm/ranch profits. Learn how to: - Triage soil health and act to fast-track soil and plant health-Build healthy resilient soil systems-Develop a deeper understanding of microbial and mineral synergies-Read what weeds and diseases are communicating about soil and plant health-Create healthy, productive and profitable landscapes. Globally recognised soil advocate and agroecologist Nicole Masters delivers the solution to rewind the clock on this increasingly critical soil crisis in her first book, For the Love of Soil. She argues we can no longer treat soil like dirt. Instead, we must take a soil-first approach to regenerate landscapes, restore natural cycles, and bring vitality back to ecosystems. This book translates the often complex and technical know-how of soil into more digestible terms through case studies from regenerative farmers, growers, and ranchers in Australasia and North America. Along with sharing key soil health principles and restoration tools, For the Love of Soil provides land managers with an action plan to kickstart their soil resource's well-being, no matter the scale"--Publisher description

Veld Management in South Africa

Author : Neil Melbourne Tainton
Publisher : University of Kwazulu Natal Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 506 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Veld Management in South Africa by : Neil Melbourne Tainton

Download or read book Veld Management in South Africa written by Neil Melbourne Tainton and published by University of Kwazulu Natal Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is a synthesis of research in production and management since the inception of the discipline as an agricultural science in the 1930s. All the ecological regions are covered extensively, but the main emphasis is on the three biomes (grassland, savanna and karoo) which produce the bulk of the forage supporting the domestic livestock, conservation and the game farming industries. The book has an audience beyond the borders of South Africa in the grassland and savanna areas which stretch through southern and central Africa.

Regional-climate and Local-microbial Controls on Ecosystem Processes During Grassland Restoration

Author : Meredith Lynne Mendola
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (885 download)

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Book Synopsis Regional-climate and Local-microbial Controls on Ecosystem Processes During Grassland Restoration by : Meredith Lynne Mendola

Download or read book Regional-climate and Local-microbial Controls on Ecosystem Processes During Grassland Restoration written by Meredith Lynne Mendola and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Root productivity likely has consequences for the composition, activity, and recovery of soil microbial populations and the belowground processes mediated by these organisms. In tallgrass prairie, ecotypic variation potentially exists in response to a strong precipitation gradient across the Great Plains. Thus, ecotypic variation within a species may differentially affect belowground net primary productivity (BNPP), the associated soil microbial community, and may scale up to affect ecosystem processes. The goals of this study were to elucidate: (1) whether ecotype, environment, or an ecotype by environment interaction regulate BNPP of a dominant species ( Andropogon gerardii ) collected from and reciprocally planted in common gardens across a precipitation gradient, and (2) whether variation in BNPP scales to affect microbial biomass and ecosystem processes. I quantified root biomass, BNPP (using root ingrowth bags), soil microbial biomass, and nutrient mineralization rates in root-ingrowth cores below six population sources of A. gerardii (2 Illinois, 2 eastern Kansas, and 2 central Kansas) established in southern Illinois, eastern Kansas, and central Kansas. An ecotype effect was found on above and belowground net primary productivity, but these findings did not translate to soil response variables. Microbial populations themselves may affect the productivity and composition of prairie species. In a second study, soil ecological knowledge (SEK) was tested by applying a native prairie soil slurry amendment to restoration plots to determine efficacy of this method as a restoration practice. The goals of this two year study were to elucidate: (1) whether a slurry amendment of prairie soil would increase above and belowground productivity and belowground ecosystem processes in a prairie restoration, and (2) to evaluate whether differences in plant diversity will scale to affect belowground productivity and ecosystem processes. I quantified aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and species composition, as well as root biomass, belowground net primary productivity (BNPP), soil microbial biomass, and nutrient mineralization rates in root-ingrowth cores installed in treated and control plots. A treatment effect was noted on root biomass and total PLFA biomass; however, there was no treatment effect on cover, ANPP, or soil microbial processes. Though the soil microbial community did represent native prairie soil, there was poor establishment of prairie plant species. These factors may be due to the limited time available for data collection and the lack of precipitation in the second growing season. Longer studies may be necessary to fully examine the effects of soil slurry amendments as restoration tools.

Rhizosphere Engineering

Author : Ramesh Chandra Dubey
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0323885950
Total Pages : 566 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis Rhizosphere Engineering by : Ramesh Chandra Dubey

Download or read book Rhizosphere Engineering written by Ramesh Chandra Dubey and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-02-15 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rhizosphere Engineering is a guide to applying environmentally sound agronomic practices to improve crop yield while also protecting soil resources. Focusing on the potential and positive impacts of appropriate practices, the book includes the use of beneficial microbes, nanotechnology and metagenomics. Developing and applying techniques that not only enhance yield, but also restore the quality of soil and water using beneficial microbes such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi and others are covered, along with new information on utilizing nanotechnology, quorum sensing and other technologies to further advance the science. Designed to fill the gap between research and application, this book is written for advanced students, researchers and those seeking real-world insights for improving agricultural production. Explores the potential benefits of optimized rhizosphere Includes metagenomics and their emerging importance Presents insights into the use of biosurfactants

Linking Restoration and Ecological Succession

Author : Lawrence R. Walker
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387353038
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Linking Restoration and Ecological Succession by : Lawrence R. Walker

Download or read book Linking Restoration and Ecological Succession written by Lawrence R. Walker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-16 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This innovative book integrates practical information from restoration projects around the world with the latest developments in successional theory. It recognizes the critical roles of disturbance ecology, landscape ecology, ecological assembly, invasion biology, ecosystem health, and historical ecology in habitat restoration. It argues that restoration within a successional context will best utilize the lessons from each of these disciplines.