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Reconstruction Of El Nino Southern Oscillation Variability During The Holocene
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Book Synopsis Reconstruction of El Niño - Southern Oscillation Variability During the Holocene by : Timme Hendrik Donders
Download or read book Reconstruction of El Niño - Southern Oscillation Variability During the Holocene written by Timme Hendrik Donders and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reconstructing Past Changes in El Niño-Southern Oscillation Variability Using Geochemical Proxies from Corals by : Allison E. Lawman
Download or read book Reconstructing Past Changes in El Niño-Southern Oscillation Variability Using Geochemical Proxies from Corals written by Allison E. Lawman and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the leading mode of interannual (>1-9 year) climate variability and has far-reaching impacts on global temperature and rainfall patterns. That said, the instrumental record of ENSO does not have the temporal coverage necessary to characterize the full range of natural variability. Uncertainties about how ENSO variability may change in the future with anthropogenic warming motivates the study of past climate conditions when the Earth experienced different climate conditions compared to the warm, rapidly changing climate of today. Climate scientists use two primary tools to study past climate. First, general circulation models use mathematical equations based on physical principles to simulate different aspects of the climate system, including the ocean, atmosphere, land, and ice sheets. Second, various geological archives like corals, cave stalagmites and lake and ocean sediment also provide clues about how the climate varied in the past. The paleoclimate proxy records generated from geological archives thus provide independent validation of paleoclimate model simulations. Geochemical proxy records from corals are particularly well-suited for investigating past (paleo) ENSO variability as corals can provide decades to hundreds of years of climate information from the tropics at sub-annual resolution. This dissertation seeks to quantify changes in paleo-ENSO variability using geochemical proxies from corals. I first generate replicated coral records from Vanuatu in the southwest Pacific to investigate the range of ENSO variability during the 20th century and ~900 years during a time interval called the Medieval Climate Anomaly. The paleo-temperature records are based on the ratio of strontium to calcium (Sr/Ca) of massive Porites corals from Vanuatu. Next, I develop various computational algorithms to investigate how different uncertainties inherent to the coral archive impact the ability of a coral to capture changes in ENSO variability. The algorithms incorporate the impact of variable growth rates, analytical and calibration errors, and age model assumptions, and are collectively referred to a coral proxy system model (PSM). The utility of the coral PSM is demonstrated using unforced climate model output for the last millennium. I then use the PSM and apply the analytical techniques developed in the first two projects to investigate simulated and coral proxy-inferred changes in paleo-ENSO variability during the Holocene (11.65 thousand years ago to the present). The resulting model-data comparison provides a new perspective on long-term changes in ENSO variability
Book Synopsis El Niño and the Southern Oscillation by : Henry F. Diaz
Download or read book El Niño and the Southern Oscillation written by Henry F. Diaz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-11-09 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is a recurrent feature of the climate in tropical regions. In this volume leading experts summarize information gained over the past decade concerning diverse aspects of ENSO, which have led to marked improvements in our ability to forecast its development months or seasons in advance. This volume compares ENSO's modern morphology and variability with its recent historic and prehistoric behaviour. It expands and updates Diaz and Markgraf's earlier volume El Niño: Historical and Paleoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation (1992, Cambridge University Press). The volume will be of importance to a broad range of scientists in meteorology, oceanography, hydrology, geosciences, ecology, public health, emergency management response and mitigation, and decision-making. It will also be used as a supplementary textbook and reference source in graduate courses in environmental studies.
Book Synopsis El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate by : Michael J. McPhaden
Download or read book El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate written by Michael J. McPhaden and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-11-24 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive and up-to-date information on Earth’s most dominant year-to-year climate variation The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific Ocean has major worldwide social and economic consequences through its global scale effects on atmospheric and oceanic circulation, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and other natural systems. Ongoing climate change is projected to significantly alter ENSO's dynamics and impacts. El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate presents the latest theories, models, and observations, and explores the challenges of forecasting ENSO as the climate continues to change. Volume highlights include: Historical background on ENSO and its societal consequences Review of key El Niño (ENSO warm phase) and La Niña (ENSO cold phase) characteristics Mathematical description of the underlying physical processes that generate ENSO variations Conceptual framework for understanding ENSO changes on decadal and longer time scales, including the response to greenhouse gas forcing ENSO impacts on extreme ocean, weather, and climate events, including tropical cyclones, and how ENSO affects fisheries and the global carbon cycle Advances in modeling, paleo-reconstructions, and operational climate forecasting Future projections of ENSO and its impacts Factors influencing ENSO events, such as inter-basin climate interactions and volcanic eruptions The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about this book from this Q&A with the editors.
Download or read book El Niño written by Henry F. Diaz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1993 book enhances our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the low frequency behavior of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon.
Book Synopsis Variability of El Nino/Southern Oscillation activity at millennial timescales during the Holocene epoch by : C.M. MOY
Download or read book Variability of El Nino/Southern Oscillation activity at millennial timescales during the Holocene epoch written by C.M. MOY and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis El Niño-Southern Oscillation Variability During the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly Reconstructed from Fossil Coral Geochemistry and Pseudoproxy Analysis by : Kelly Ann Hereid
Download or read book El Niño-Southern Oscillation Variability During the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly Reconstructed from Fossil Coral Geochemistry and Pseudoproxy Analysis written by Kelly Ann Hereid and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dominates global interannual climate variability. However, the imprint of anthropogenic climate change hinders understanding of natural ENSO variability. Model predictions of the response of future ENSO variability to anthropogenic forcing are highly uncertain. A better understanding of how ENSO operates during different mean climate states may improve predictions of its future behavior. This study develops a technique to quantify the response of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature and salinity to ENSO variations. This analysis defines expected regional relationships between ENSO forcing and the tropical Pacific climate response. For example, the western tropical Pacific records El Niño events with greater skill than La Niña events; whereas the oceans near the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) preferentially record La Niña events. This baseline understanding of regional skill calibrates interpretations of both modern and pre-instrumental coral geochemical climate proxy records. A suite of monthly resolved [delta]18O variations in a fossil corals (Porites spp.) from the tropical western Pacific (Papua New Guinea) and the SPCZ (Vanuatu) are used to develop case studies of ENSO variability under external forcing conditions that differ from the modern climate. A record from Misima, Papua New Guinea (1411-1644 CE) spans a period of reduced solar forcing that coincides with the initiation of the Little Ice Age. This record indicates that the surface ocean in this region experienced a small change in hydrologic balance with no change in temperature, extended periods of quiescence in El Niño activity, reduced mean El Niño event amplitudes, and fewer large amplitude El Niño events relative to signals captured in regional modern records. Several multidecadal (~30-50 year) coral records from Tasmaloum, Vanuatu during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (~900-1300 CE), a period of increased solar forcing, depict ENSO variability that is generally lower than modern times. However, these records often cannot be distinguished from 20th century ENSO variability due to ENSO variability uncertainty associated with record lengths. Neither record can be tied to concurrent changes in solar or volcanic forcing, calling into question the paradigm of ENSO variability being predominantly mediated by external forcing changes on multidecadal time scales.
Book Synopsis An Investigation Into the Causes for the Reduction in the Variability of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation in the Early Holocene in a Global Climate Model by : William Henry Gordon Roberts
Download or read book An Investigation Into the Causes for the Reduction in the Variability of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation in the Early Holocene in a Global Climate Model written by William Henry Gordon Roberts and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We devise a scheme to incorporate mean state data, into the background states of a linearisation of the Zebiak and Cane model (Zebiak and Cane, 1987), due to Thompson and Battisti (2000). We show that when sets of background states are compiled using observations of the present climate that ENSO mode in the linearised model is stable.
Book Synopsis El Niño in World History by : Richard Grove
Download or read book El Niño in World History written by Richard Grove and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-11 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the role of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in society. Throughout human history, large or recurrent El Niños could cause significant disruption to societies and in some cases even contribute to political change. Yet it is only now that we are coming to appreciate the significance of the phenomenon. In this volume, Richard Grove and George Adamson chart the dual history of El Niño: as a global phenomenon capable of devastating weather extremes and, since the 18th century, as a developing idea in science and society. The chapters trace El Niño’s position in world history from its role in the revolution in Australian Aboriginal Culture at 5,000 BP to the 2015-16 ‘Godzilla’ event. It ends with a discussion of El Niño in the current media, which is as much a product of the public imagination as it is a natural process.
Book Synopsis ENSO and PDO Variability During the Past 100 Years by : David Urmann
Download or read book ENSO and PDO Variability During the Past 100 Years written by David Urmann and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary goal of this study is to reconstruct ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) variability over the past 100-years from ice core and lake level records. Records of accumulation, deuterium excess, and dO18 from the ice core records obtained from Quelccaya (Peru) and Bona-Churchill (Alaska), along with lake elevation data from Crater Lake (Oregon) and Lake Titicaca (Peru) are examined. This work relies on the use of several ENSO proxies from different regions to reconstruct ENSO variability over the past 100 years. Utilizing data from multiple regions is critical as past studies attempting to reconstruct a record of El Nino events from proxy records have encountered two main problems, both resulting from relying on data collected only from one specific region. The first problem is that many climate patterns within a region not associated with ENSO can produce El Niño type effects in the record. The second problem is that regional data records local climate patterns, which reflect only the strength of the ENSO teleconnection through time. The records from Quelccaya and Lake Titicaca are shown to be strongly impacted by ENSO events. The records from Bona-Churchill and Crater Lake are shown to be strongly related to Aleutian Low variability. Variations in the strength of the Aleutian Low represent the primary North American ENSO teleconnection and are also related to the mode of the PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation). Correlations analysis shows the primary relationship between records from Peru and North American is their response to ENSO.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments by : Vivien Gornitz
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments written by Vivien Gornitz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-31 with total page 1062 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of Springer’s Major Reference Works, this book gives the reader a truly global perspective. It is the first major reference work in its field. Paleoclimate topics covered in the encyclopedia give the reader the capability to place the observations of recent global warming in the context of longer-term natural climate fluctuations. Significant elements of the encyclopedia include recent developments in paleoclimate modeling, paleo-ocean circulation, as well as the influence of geological processes and biological feedbacks on global climate change. The encyclopedia gives the reader an entry point into the literature on these and many other groundbreaking topics.
Book Synopsis Holocene Climate Change and Environment by : Navnith Kumaran
Download or read book Holocene Climate Change and Environment written by Navnith Kumaran and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-24 with total page 693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Holocene Climate Change and Environment presents detailed, diverse case studies from a range of environmental and geological regions on the Indian subcontinent which occupies the central part of the monsoon domain. This book examines Holocene events at different time intervals based on a new, high-resolution, multi-proxy records (pollen, spores, NPP, diatoms, grain size characteristics, total organic carbon, carbon/nitrogen ratio, stable isotopes) and other physical tools from all regions of India. It also covers new facilities in chronological study and luminescence dating, which have added a new dimension toward understanding the Holocene glacial retreats evolution of coastal landforms, landscape dynamics and human evolution. Each chapter is presented with a unified structure for ease of access and application, including an introduction, geographic details, field work and sampling techniques, methods, results and discussion. This detailed examination of such an important region provides key insights in climate modeling and global prediction systems. Provides data and research from environmentally and geologically diverse regions across the Indian subcontinent Presents an integrated and interdisciplinary approach, including considerations of human impacts Features detailed case studies that include methods and data, allowing for applications related to research and global modeling
Book Synopsis New Techniques in Sediment Core Analysis by : R. G. Rothwell
Download or read book New Techniques in Sediment Core Analysis written by R. G. Rothwell and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2006 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, recent advances in analytical and logging technology and their application to the analysis of sediment cores are presented. Developments in providing access to core data and associated datasets, and advances in data mining technology in order to integrate and interpret new and legacy datasets within the wider context of seafloor studies are also discussed.
Book Synopsis Interhemispheric Climate Linkages by : Vera Markgraf
Download or read book Interhemispheric Climate Linkages written by Vera Markgraf and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-01-25 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a novel approach in the field of global change by presenting a comprehensive analysis of interhemispheric linkages of climate, present and past, and their effects on human societies. The ultimate goal of this interhemispheric integration is to improve our understanding of causes and mechanisms of climate change to enhance our capability in predicting future changes. Given the societal interest in global change issues this book offers a new approach for the integration of global information. It will provide a reference for professional scientists, researchers and graduate students in the fields of climatology, and the earth and environmental sciences. Chapters analyse instrumental atmospheric and oceanic data to address such phenomena as El Nino/Southern Oscillation variability and other climate anomalies such as the Pacific and North Atlantic Oscillation and polar air outbreaks A new systematic methodology is presented that allows objective and verifiable reconstruction of climate fields from sparse data Especially valuable in the context of climate proxy data
Book Synopsis Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales by : National Research Council
Download or read book Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-08-30 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reflects the current state of scientific knowledge about natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales. It covers a wide range of relevant subjects, including the characteristics of the atmosphere and ocean environments as well as the methods used to describe and analyze them, such as proxy data and numerical models. They clearly demonstrate the range, persistence, and magnitude of climate variability as represented by many different indicators. Not only do natural climate variations have important socioeconomic effects, but they must be better understood before possible anthropogenic effects (from greenhouse gas emissions, for instance) can be evaluated. A topical essay introduces each of the disciplines represented, providing the nonscientist with a perspective on the field and linking the papers to the larger issues in climate research. In its conclusions section, the book evaluates progress in the different areas and makes recommendations for the direction and conduct of future climate research. This book, while consisting of technical papers, is also accessible to the interested layperson.
Book Synopsis Rock Magnetic Cyclostratigraphy by : Kenneth P. Kodama
Download or read book Rock Magnetic Cyclostratigraphy written by Kenneth P. Kodama and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-10-06 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rock magnetic cyclostratigraphy merges environmental magnetism, in which rock magnetic measurements are used to detect past environmental change, and cyclostratigraphy, in which cyclic variations of lithology or a sedimentary rock’s physical properties are related to astronomically-forced paleoclimate change. In addition to providing paleoclimate data, cyclostratigraphy can establish high-resolution chronostratigraphy for a sequence of sedimentary rocks, even at distant times in Earth’s history. This book provides an overview of concepts underlying these two techniques, recipes for the time series analysis of cyclostratigraphy, and case studies to illustrate the variety and breadth of problems addressed by rock magnetic cyclostratigraphy. New Analytical Methods in Earth and Environmental Science Because of the plethora of analytical techniques now available, and the acceleration of technological advance, many earth scientists find it difficult to know where to turn for reliable information on the latest tools at their disposal, and may lack the expertise to assess the relative strengths or limitations of a particular technique. This new series will address these difficulties by providing accessible introductions to important new techniques, lab and field protocols, suggestions for data handling and interpretation, and useful case studies. The series represents an invaluable and trusted source of information for researchers, advanced students and applied earth scientists wishing to familiarise themselves with emerging techniques in their field. All titles in this series are available in a variety of full-colour, searchable e-book formats.
Book Synopsis The El Niño-Southern Oscillation Phenomenon by : Edward S. Sarachik
Download or read book The El Niño-Southern Oscillation Phenomenon written by Edward S. Sarachik and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-02-18 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many climatic extremes around the globe, such as severe droughts and floods, can be attributed to the periodic warming of the equatorial Pacific sea surface, termed the El Niño or Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Advances in our understanding of ENSO, in which Edward S. Sarachik and Mark A. Cane have been key participants, have led to marked improvements in our ability to predict its development months or seasons, allowing adaptation to global impacts. This book introduces basic concepts and builds to more detailed theoretical treatments. Chapters on the structure and dynamics of the tropical ocean and atmosphere place ENSO in a broader observational and theoretical context. Chapters on ENSO prediction, past and future, and impacts, introduce broader implications of the phenomenon. This book provides an introduction to all aspects of this most important mode of global climate variability, for research workers and students of all levels in climate science, oceanography and related fields.
