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Recherche Dune Representation Des Donnees Efficace Pour La Fouille Des Grandes Bases De Donnees
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Book Synopsis Recherche d'une représentation des données efficace pour la fouille des grandes bases de données by : Marc Boullé
Download or read book Recherche d'une représentation des données efficace pour la fouille des grandes bases de données written by Marc Boullé and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The data preparation step of of the data mining process represents 80% of the problem and is both time consuming and critical for the quality of the modeling. In this thesis, our purpose is to design an evaluation criterion of data representations, in order to automate data preparation. To overcome this problem, we introduce a non parametric family of density estimation models, named data grid models. Each variable is partitioned in intervals or in groups of values according to whether it is numerical or categorical, and the whole data space is partitioned into a grid of cells resulting from the cross-product of the univariate partitions. When then consider density estimation models where the density is assumed constant per data grid cell. Because of their high expressiveness, data grid models are hard to regularize and to optimize. We exploit a model selection technique based on a bayesian approach and obtain an exact analytic criterion for the posterior probability of data grid models. We introduce combinatorial optimization algorithms which leverage the properties of our evaluation criterion and the sparseness of data in large dimension. These algorithms have a guaranteed algorithmic complexity, which is super-linear with the sample size. We evaluate data grid models in numerous tasks of data analysis, for supervised classification, regression, clustering or coclustering. The results demonstrate the validity of the approach, that allows to automatically and efficiently detect fine-grained and reliable information useful for the data preparation step.
Book Synopsis Machine Learning and Data Mining in Pattern Recognition by : Petra Perner
Download or read book Machine Learning and Data Mining in Pattern Recognition written by Petra Perner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-12 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Machine Learning and Data Mining in Pattern Recognition, MLDM 2011, held in New York, NY, USA. The 44 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 170 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on classification and decision theory, theory of learning, clustering, application in medicine, webmining and information mining; and machine learning and image mining.
Book Synopsis Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Management by : Fabrice Guillet
Download or read book Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Management written by Fabrice Guillet and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a collection of representative and novel work in the field of data mining, knowledge discovery, clustering and classification, based on expanded and reworked versions of a selection of the best papers originally presented in French at the EGC 2014 and EGC 2015 conferences held in Rennes (France) in January 2014 and Luxembourg in January 2015. The book is in three parts: The first four chapters discuss optimization considerations in data mining. The second part explores specific quality measures, dissimilarities and ultrametrics. The final chapters focus on semantics, ontologies and social networks. Written for PhD and MSc students, as well as researchers working in the field, it addresses both theoretical and practical aspects of knowledge discovery and management.
Book Synopsis Evaluation de la qualité de la représentation en fouille de données by : Fabrice Muhlenbach
Download or read book Evaluation de la qualité de la représentation en fouille de données written by Fabrice Muhlenbach and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'extraction de connaissances à partir de données (ECD) cherche à produire de nouvelles connaissances utilisables en tirant parti des grandes bases de données. Avant de procéder à la phase de fouille de données, étapes phare de l'ECD, pour pouvoir opérer un apprentissage automatique, un ensemble de questions et de problèmes se posent : comment avoir a priori une idée de la manière dont les étiquettes de la variable à apprendre peuvent être séparées en fonction des variables prédictives ? comment traiter les bases pour lesquelles nous savons que des étiquettes sont fausses ? comment transformer des variables prédictives continues en variables discrètes en tenant compte globalement des informations de la variable à prédire ? Nous proposons diverses réponses à ces problèmes. Ces solutions exploitent les propriétés d'outils géométriques : les graphes de voisinage. Le voisinage entre des individus projetés dans un espace à p dimensions nous fournit un moyen de caractériser la ressemblance entre les exemples à apprendre. A partir de ceci, nous élaborons un test statistique basé sur le poids des arêtes qu'il faut retirer dans un graphe de voisinage pour n'avoir que des sous-graphes d'une seul étiquette, ce qui nous informe de la séparabilité a priori des classes. Nous prolongeons ces réflexions dans le cadre de la détection d'individus dont l'étiquette est douteuse : nous proposons une stratégie de suppression et de réétiquetage d'exemples douteux dans l'échantillon d'apprentissage afin d'augmenter la qualité des modèles prédictifs exploitant cet échantillon de données. Ces travaux sont étendus au cas particulier où la variable à prédire est numérique : nous présentons un test de structure pour la prédiction d'une telle variable. Enfin, nous présenton une méthode de discrétisation supervisée polythétique qui repose sur les graphes de voisinage et montrons ses performances en l'employant avec une méthode d'apprentissage supervisé que nous avons développée.
Book Synopsis Contribution à la fouille de données by : Olivier Couturier
Download or read book Contribution à la fouille de données written by Olivier Couturier and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Au regard du nombre croissant des grandes bases de données, déterminer la façon dont sont organisées les données, les interpréter et en extraire des informations utiles est un problème difficile et ouvert. En effet, à l'heure actuelle, notre capacité à collecter et stocker les données de tout type, outrepasse nos possibilités d'analyse, de synthèse et d'extraction de connaissances dans les données. Notre travail se situe au niveau de la recherche de règles d'association qui constitue une tâche de fouille de données. Cette dernière présente des résultats qui permettent aux experts de facilement interpréter les règles une à une. Les méthodes de génération sont combinatoires et engendrent un nombre élevé de règles qui sont difficilement exploitables. Plusieurs approches de réduction de ce nombre ont été proposées comme l'usage de mesures de qualité, le filtrage syntaxique par contraintes, la compression par les bases représentatives ou génériques. Cependant, ces approches n'intègrent pas l'expert dans le déroulement du processus limitant ainsi l'aspect interactif du processus. En effet, l'expert ne sait pas toujours initialement quelle connaissance il souhaite obtenir. Nous analysons l'activité cognitive de l'expert dans différents processus de recherche de règles d'association et nous montrons que dans ces approches, l'expert n'intervient pas durant les tâches du processus. Pour accroître cette interactivité avec l'expert, il est nécessaire que celui-ci soit au coeur du processus afin de répondre à l'un des objectifs de l'ECD. Nous nous basons sur les systèmes orientés-tâches, qui se focalisent sur les différentes tâches que l'expert doit réaliser, et proposons l'algorithme SHARK qui est une approche hybride basée sur l'utilisation d'une recherche hiérarchique s'appuyant sur une taxinomie d'attributs et d'une approche anthropocentrée de manière à inclure l'expert dans le processus. Nous couplons ainsi la connaissance explicite fournie par l'algorithme et la connaissance tacite de l'expert. L'utilisation d'une interface graphique adaptée s'avère donc nécessaire pour que l'expert puisse interagir de manière optimale avec le processus. L'efficacité de cet algorithme a été montrée sur un problème réel de marketing faisant intervenir des experts du monde bancaire. En outre, la fouille de données visuelle présente un intérêt non négligeable puisque l'esprit humain peut traiter une plus grande quantité d'informations de manière visuelle. Comme des quantités très importantes de règles sont générées, la fouille de données visuelle s'avère être une étape incontournable pour améliorer encore notre approche. Nous présentons un état de l'art des principales techniques de visualisation de règles d'association. Parmi ces représentations, nous nous focalisons sur les représentations de type matrice 3D présentant la particularité de générer des occlusions. Une occlusion est un chevauchement d'objets dans un environnement 3D rendant certains de ces objets pas ou peu visibles. Après avoir défini formellement le problème d'occlusions, nous montrons qu'il s'agit d'un problème d'optimisation qui est de trouver le meilleur ordre possible des itemsets sur les deux axes pour limiter les occlusions. Nous proposons une heuristique permettant de réduire significativement les occlusions générées. Les résultats que nous avons obtenus sont présentés et discutés.
Book Synopsis Contraintes et fouille de données by : Teddy Turmeaux
Download or read book Contraintes et fouille de données written by Teddy Turmeaux and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La fouille de données est un domaine de recherche actif, visant à découvrir des connaissances implicites dans des bases de données. Nous étudions ici l'intérêt de formalismes issus de la logique du premier ordre pour la fouille de données. En particulier, nous examinons l'intérêt des contraintes, vues comme des formules du premier ordre et interprétées sur un domaine particulier. Un point important de tout formalisme utilisé en ECD est la définition d'une relation de généralité qui permet de structurer l'espace des motifs, et de faciliter ainsi la recherche de motifs intéressants. Nous nous intéressons tout d'abord aux bases de données contraintes qui étendent à la fois les bases de données relationnelles, déductives et spatiales, et qui permettent la définition d'ensembles infinis grâce à la notion de tuples généralisés. Nous étudions ensuite le formalisme des clauses contraintes utilisées en Programmation Logique avec Contraintes. Nous reprenons la définition classique de généralité entre clauses contraintes et nous déterminons dans ce cadre le moindre généralisé, le moindre spécialisé et des opérateurs de raffinement. Nous montrons comment les calculer en pratique sur plusieurs domaines de contraintes spécifiques. Enfin nous introduisons un nouveau motif: les règles caractéristiques. Ces règles sont la combinaison d'un chemin quantifié et d'une contrainte et permettent de capturer la notion de lien entre entités et de contraintes sur ces entités. Nous montrons l'intérêt de telles règles dans le cadre de bases de données géographiques, notamment sur des données géologiques fournies par le Bureau de Recherche Géologique et Minières.
Book Synopsis Modern Enterprise Data Pipelines by : Mike Bachman
Download or read book Modern Enterprise Data Pipelines written by Mike Bachman and published by . This book was released on 2021-06-25 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Dell Technologies perspective on today's data landscape and the key ingredients for planning a modern, distributed data pipeline for your multicloud data-driven enterprise
Book Synopsis Managing and Mining Graph Data by : Charu C. Aggarwal
Download or read book Managing and Mining Graph Data written by Charu C. Aggarwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-02-02 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managing and Mining Graph Data is a comprehensive survey book in graph management and mining. It contains extensive surveys on a variety of important graph topics such as graph languages, indexing, clustering, data generation, pattern mining, classification, keyword search, pattern matching, and privacy. It also studies a number of domain-specific scenarios such as stream mining, web graphs, social networks, chemical and biological data. The chapters are written by well known researchers in the field, and provide a broad perspective of the area. This is the first comprehensive survey book in the emerging topic of graph data processing. Managing and Mining Graph Data is designed for a varied audience composed of professors, researchers and practitioners in industry. This volume is also suitable as a reference book for advanced-level database students in computer science and engineering.
Book Synopsis Let Nobody Turn Us Around by : Manning Marable
Download or read book Let Nobody Turn Us Around written by Manning Marable and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2009 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of America's most prominent historians and a noted feminist bring together the most important political writings and testimonials from African-Americans over three centuries.
Book Synopsis Get Out the Vote by : Donald P. Green
Download or read book Get Out the Vote written by Donald P. Green and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2008-09-01 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of Get Out the Vote! broke ground by introducing a new scientific approach to the challenge of voter mobilization and profoundly influenced how campaigns operate. In this expanded and updated edition, the authors incorporate data from more than one hundred new studies, which shed new light on the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of various campaign tactics, including door-to-door canvassing, e-mail, direct mail, and telephone calls. Two new chapters focus on the effectiveness of mass media campaigns and events such as candidate forums and Election Day festivals. Available in time for the core of the 2008 presidential campaign, this practical guide on voter mobilization is sure to be an important resource for consultants, candidates, and grassroots organizations. Praise for the first edition: "Donald P. Green and Alan S. Gerber have studied turnout for years. Their findings, based on dozens of controlled experiments done as part of actual campaigns, are summarized in a slim and readable new book called Get Out the Vote!, which is bound to become a bible for politicians and activists of all stripes." —Alan B. Kreuger, in the New York Times "Get Out the Vote! shatters conventional wisdom about GOTV." —Hal Malchow in Campaigns & Elections "Green and Gerber's recent book represents important innovations in the study of turnout."—Political Science Review "Green and Gerber have provided a valuable resource for grassroots campaigns across the spectrum."—National Journal
Book Synopsis The Victory Lab by : Sasha Issenberg
Download or read book The Victory Lab written by Sasha Issenberg and published by Crown. This book was released on 2013-09-17 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: UPDATED FOR THE 2016 ELECTION The book Politico calls “Moneyball for politics” shows how cutting-edge social science and analytics are reshaping the modern political campaign. Renegade thinkers are crashing the gates of a venerable American institution, shoving aside its so-called wise men and replacing them with a radical new data-driven order. We’ve seen it in sports, and now in The Victory Lab, journalist Sasha Issenberg tells the hidden story of the analytical revolution upending the way political campaigns are run in the 21st century. The Victory Lab follows the academics and maverick operatives rocking the war room and re-engineering a high-stakes industry previously run on little more than gut instinct and outdated assumptions. Armed with research from behavioural psychology and randomized experiments that treat voters as unwitting guinea pigs, the smartest campaigns now believe they know who you will vote for even before you do. Issenberg tracks these fascinating techniques—which include cutting edge persuasion experiments, innovative ways to mobilize voters, heavily researched electioneering methods—and shows how our most important figures, such as Barack Obama and Mitt Romney, are putting them to use with surprising skill and alacrity. Provocative, clear-eyed and energetically reported, The Victory Lab offers iconoclastic insights into political marketing, human decision-making, and the increasing power of analytics.
Book Synopsis Formal Concept Analysis by : Bernhard Ganter
Download or read book Formal Concept Analysis written by Bernhard Ganter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-07-14 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Formal concept analysis has been developed as a field of applied mathematics based on the mathematization of concept and concept hierarchy. It thereby allows us to mathematically represent, analyze, and construct conceptual structures. The formal concept analysis approach has been proven successful in a wide range of application fields. This book constitutes a comprehensive and systematic presentation of the state of the art of formal concept analysis and its applications. The first part of the book is devoted to foundational and methodological topics. The contributions in the second part demonstrate how formal concept analysis is successfully used outside of mathematics, in linguistics, text retrieval, association rule mining, data analysis, and economics. The third part presents applications in software engineering.
Download or read book Concept Lattices written by Peter Eklund and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-04-02 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the Proceedings of ICFCA 2004, the 2nd International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis. The ICFCA conference series aims to be the premier forum for the publication of advances in applied lattice and order theory and in particular scienti?c advances related to formal concept analysis. Formal concept analysis emerged in the 1980s from e?orts to restructure lattice theory to promote better communication between lattice theorists and potentialusersoflatticetheory.Sincethen,the?eldhasdevelopedintoagrowing research area in its own right with a thriving theoretical community and an increasing number of applications in data and knowledge processing including data visualization, information retrieval, machine learning, data analysis and knowledge management. In terms of theory, formal concept analysis has been extended into attribute exploration, Boolean judgment, contextual logic and so on to create a powerful general framework for knowledge representation and reasoning. This conference aims to unify theoretical and applied practitioners who use formal concept an- ysis, drawing on the ?elds of mathematics, computer and library sciences and software engineering. The theme of the 2004 conference was ‘Concept Lattices” to acknowledge the colloquial term used for the line diagrams that appear in almost every paper in this volume. ICFCA 2004 included tutorial sessions, demonstrating the practical bene?ts of formal concept analysis, and highlighted developments in the foundational theory and standards. The conference showcased the increasing variety of formal concept analysis software and included eight invited lectures from distinguished speakersinthe?eld.Sevenoftheeightinvitedspeakerssubmittedaccompanying papers and these were reviewed and appear in this volume.
Book Synopsis Designing Geodatabases by : David Arctur
Download or read book Designing Geodatabases written by David Arctur and published by ESRI, Inc.. This book was released on 2004 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Building accurate geodatabases is the foundation for meaningful and reliable GIS. By documenting actual case studies of successful ArcGIS implementations, Designing Geodatabases makes it easier to envision your own database plan."--Jacket.
Download or read book Terra 2008 written by Leslie Rainer and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 2011-06-14 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthen architecture constitutes one of the most diverse forms of cultural heritage and one of the most challenging to preserve. It dates from all periods and is found on all continents but is particularly prevalent in Africa, where it has been a building tradition for centuries. Sites range from ancestral cities in Mali to the palaces of Abomey in Benin, from monuments and mosques in Iran and Buddhist temples on the Silk Road to Spanish missions in California. This volume's sixty-four papers address such themes as earthen architecture in Mali, the conservation of living sites, local knowledge systems and intangible aspects, seismic and other natural forces, the conservation and management of archaeological sites, research advances, and training.
Book Synopsis Information Retrieval by : Ayse Goker
Download or read book Information Retrieval written by Ayse Goker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-12-15 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an essential reference to cutting-edge issues and future directions in information retrieval Information retrieval (IR) can be defined as the process of representing, managing, searching, retrieving, and presenting information. Good IR involves understanding information needs and interests, developing an effective search technique, system, presentation, distribution and delivery. The increased use of the Web and wider availability of information in this environment led to the development of Web search engines. This change has brought fresh challenges to a wider variety of users’ needs, tasks, and types of information. Today, search engines are seen in enterprises, on laptops, in individual websites, in library catalogues, and elsewhere. Information Retrieval: Searching in the 21st Century focuses on core concepts, and current trends in the field. This book focuses on: Information Retrieval Models User-centred Evaluation of Information Retrieval Systems Multimedia Resource Discovery Image Users’ Needs and Searching Behaviour Web Information Retrieval Mobile Search Context and Information Retrieval Text Categorisation and Genre in Information Retrieval Semantic Search The Role of Natural Language Processing in Information Retrieval: Search for Meaning and Structure Cross-language Information Retrieval Performance Issues in Parallel Computing for Information Retrieval This book is an invaluable reference for graduate students on IR courses or courses in related disciplines (e.g. computer science, information science, human-computer interaction, and knowledge management), academic and industrial researchers, and industrial personnel tracking information search technology developments to understand the business implications. Intermediate-advanced level undergraduate students on IR or related courses will also find this text insightful. Chapters are supplemented with exercises to stimulate further thinking.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Lattices and Order by : B. A. Davey
Download or read book Introduction to Lattices and Order written by B. A. Davey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-04-18 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of Introduction to Lattices and Order presents a radical reorganization and updating, though its primary aim is unchanged. The explosive development of theoretical computer science in recent years has, in particular, influenced the book's evolution: a fresh treatment of fixpoints testifies to this and Galois connections now feature prominently. An early presentation of concept analysis gives both a concrete foundation for the subsequent theory of complete lattices and a glimpse of a methodology for data analysis that is of commercial value in social science. Classroom experience has led to numerous pedagogical improvements and many new exercises have been added. As before, exposure to elementary abstract algebra and the notation of set theory are the only prerequisites, making the book suitable for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students. It will also be a valuable resource for anyone who meets ordered structures.
