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Realization And Ground State Properties Of Topological Superconductors In One Dimension
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Book Synopsis Realization and Ground State Properties of Topological Superconductors in One Dimension by : Younghyun Kim (Physicist)
Download or read book Realization and Ground State Properties of Topological Superconductors in One Dimension written by Younghyun Kim (Physicist) and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topological superconductors with and without time-reversal symmetry are new phases of matters which host Majorana zero modes at their ends. The possibility of realizing such phases in various kinds of materials that are experimentally accessible, in addition to their unique signatures in simple transport measurements, has brought significant amount of attention from both theorists and experimentalists in condensed matter physics. In this thesis, we extend the previous studies on the realization of topological superconductors and try to answer some of the open questions regarding their transport signatures.
Book Synopsis Topological Insulators and Topological Superconductors by : B. Andrei Bernevig
Download or read book Topological Insulators and Topological Superconductors written by B. Andrei Bernevig and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-07 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This graduate-level textbook is the first pedagogical synthesis of the field of topological insulators and superconductors, one of the most exciting areas of research in condensed matter physics. Presenting the latest developments, while providing all the calculations necessary for a self-contained and complete description of the discipline, it is ideal for graduate students and researchers preparing to work in this area, and it will be an essential reference both within and outside the classroom. The book begins with simple concepts such as Berry phases, Dirac fermions, Hall conductance and its link to topology, and the Hofstadter problem of lattice electrons in a magnetic field. It moves on to explain topological phases of matter such as Chern insulators, two- and three-dimensional topological insulators, and Majorana p-wave wires. Additionally, the book covers zero modes on vortices in topological superconductors, time-reversal topological superconductors, and topological responses/field theory and topological indices. The book also analyzes recent topics in condensed matter theory and concludes by surveying active subfields of research such as insulators with point-group symmetries and the stability of topological semimetals. Problems at the end of each chapter offer opportunities to test knowledge and engage with frontier research issues. Topological Insulators and Topological Superconductors will provide graduate students and researchers with the physical understanding and mathematical tools needed to embark on research in this rapidly evolving field.
Book Synopsis Signatures of Topological Superconductors by : Shu-Ping Lee
Download or read book Signatures of Topological Superconductors written by Shu-Ping Lee and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topological superconductors are particularly interesting in light of the active ongoing experimental efforts for realizing exotic physics such as Majorana zero modes. These systems have excitations with non-Abelian exchange statistics, which provides a path towards topological quantum information processing. Intrinsic topological superconductors are quite rare in nature. However, one can engineer topological superconductivity by inducing effective p-wave pairing in materials which can be grown in the laboratory. One possibility is to induce the proximity effect in topological insulators; another is to use hybrid structures of superconductors and semiconductors. The proposal of interfacing s-wave superconductors with quantum spin Hall systems provides a promising route to engineered topological superconductivity. Given the exciting recent progress on the fabrication side, identifying experiments that definitively expose the topological superconducting phase (and clearly distinguish it from a trivial state) raises an increasingly important problem. With this goal in mind, we proposed a detection scheme to get an unambiguous signature of topological superconductivity, even in the presence of ordinarily detrimental effects such as thermal fluctuations and quasiparticle poisoning. We considered a Josephson junction built on top of a quantum spin Hall material. This system allows the proximity effect to turn edge states in effective topological superconductors. Such a setup is promising because experimentalists have demonstrated that supercurrents indeed flow through quantum spin Hall edges. To demonstrate the topological nature of the superconducting quantum spin Hall edges, theorists have proposed examining the periodicity of Josephson currents respect to the phase across a Josephson junction. The periodicity of tunneling currents of ground states in a topological superconductor Josephson junction is double that of a conventional Josephson junction. In practice, this modification of periodicity is extremely difficult to observe because noise sources, such as quasiparticle poisoning, wash out the signature of topological superconductors. For this reason, We propose a new, relatively simple DC measurement that can compellingly reveal topological superconductivity in such quantum spin Hall/superconductor heterostructures. More specifically, We develop a general framework for capturing the junction's current-voltage characteristics as a function of applied magnetic flux. Our analysis reveals sharp signatures of topological superconductivity in the field-dependent critical current. These signatures include the presence of multiple critical currents and a non-vanishing critical current for all magnetic field strengths as a reliable identification scheme for topological superconductivity. This system becomes more interesting as interactions between electrons are involved. By modeling edge states as a Luttinger liquid, we find conductance provides universal signatures to distinguish between normal and topological superconductors. More specifically, we use renormalization group methods to extract universal transport characteristics of superconductor/quantum spin Hall heterostructures where the native edge states serve as a lead. Interestingly, arbitrarily weak interactions induce qualitative changes in the behavior relative to the free-fermion limit, leading to a sharp dichotomy in conductance for the trivial (narrow superconductor) and topological (wide superconductor) cases. Furthermore, we find that strong interactions can in principle induce parafermion excitations at a superconductor/quantum spin Hall junction. As we identify the existence of topological superconductor, we can take a step further. One can use topological superconductor for realizing Majorana modes by breaking time reversal symmetry. An advantage of 2D topological insulator is that networks required for braiding Majoranas along the edge channels can be obtained by adjoining 2D topological insulator to form corner junctions. Physically cutting quantum wells for this purpose, however, presents technical challenges. For this reason, I propose a more accessible means of forming networks that rely on dynamically manipulating the location of edge states inside of a single 2D topological insulator sheet. In particular, I show that edge states can effectively be dragged into the system's interior by gating a region near the edge into a metallic regime and then removing the resulting gapless carriers via proximity-induced superconductivity. This method allows one to construct rather general quasi-1D networks along which Majorana modes can be exchanged by electrostatic means. Apart from 2D topological insulators, Majorana fermions can also be generated in other more accessible materials such as semiconductors. Following up on a suggestion by experimentalist Charlie Marcus, I proposed a novel geometry to create Majorana fermions by placing a 2D electron gas in proximity to an interdigitated superconductor-ferromagnet structure. This architecture evades several manufacturing challenges by allowing single-side fabrication and widening the class of 2D electron gas that may be used, such as the surface states of bulk semiconductors. Furthermore, it naturally allows one to trap and manipulate Majorana fermions through the application of currents. Thus, this structure may lead to the development of a circuit that enables fully electrical manipulation of topologically-protected quantum memory. To reveal these exotic Majorana zero modes, I also proposed an interference scheme to detect Majorana fermions that is broadly applicable to any 2D topological superconductor platform.
Book Synopsis Superconductivity and Topological Properties in a Topological Semimetal by : K A M Hasan Siddiquee
Download or read book Superconductivity and Topological Properties in a Topological Semimetal written by K A M Hasan Siddiquee and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topological superconductors (TSCs) in which superconductivity and topological properties are combined are characterized by topologically protected gapless states in the superconducting gaps. Realized in the gapless states of TSCs, Majorana fermions, which are particles and their own antiparticles, have crucial importance in quantum computation and spintronic device applications because of the exotic nature. Despite extensive study for the confirmation of TSCs, the observation of Majorana fermions in bulk superconductors has not been settled yet. Recently, the binary stannide semimetal CaSn3 with a cubic structure has been proposed to be a promising candidate for realizing topological superconductivity. In this dissertation, to clarify whether CaSn3 is a TSC or not, we investigated the superconducting and normal states of CaSn3, based on two criteria proposed by Fu and Berg. In a detailed study of the superconducting state of CaSn3, we find that the anisotropy of the upper critical field shows two-fold symmetry about a C4 axis which can be ascribed to an unconventional pairing state associated with nematic superconductivity. Besides the anisotropy, the temperature dependence of upper critical fields strongly deviates from that of the conventional depairing field described by Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg theory, consistent with odd-parity pairing. The possible odd-parity nematic superconducting state in CaSn3, together with a fully-gapped state suggested by Muon spin rotation measurements, meets one of the proposed prerequisites for topological superconductivity. We also present a detailed study of de Haas van Alphen quantum oscillations in a single crystal of CaSn3 with torque magnetometry. In conjunction with density functional theory-based calculations, the observed quantum oscillation frequencies indicate that the Fermi surfaces of CaSn3 enclose an odd number of time-reversal-invariant momenta, satisfying one of the other proposed criteria to realize topological superconductivity. Our findings will provide a new insight to identify topological superconductivity in quantum materials.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Topological Quantum Matter & Quantum Computation by : Tudor D. Stanescu
Download or read book Introduction to Topological Quantum Matter & Quantum Computation written by Tudor D. Stanescu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-12-19 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is "topological" about topological quantum states? How many types of topological quantum phases are there? What is a zero-energy Majorana mode, how can it be realized in a solid state system, and how can it be used as a platform for topological quantum computation? What is quantum computation and what makes it different from classical computation? Addressing these and other related questions, Introduction to Topological Quantum Matter & Quantum Computation provides an introduction to and a synthesis of a fascinating and rapidly expanding research field emerging at the crossroads of condensed matter physics, mathematics, and computer science. Providing the big picture, this book is ideal for graduate students and researchers entering this field as it allows for the fruitful transfer of paradigms and ideas amongst different areas, and includes many specific examples to help the reader understand abstract and sometimes challenging concepts. It explores the topological quantum world beyond the well-known topological insulators and superconductors and emphasizes the deep connections with quantum computation. It addresses key principles behind the classification of topological quantum phases and relevant mathematical concepts and discusses models of interacting and noninteracting topological systems, such as the torric code and the p-wave superconductor. The book also covers the basic properties of anyons, and aspects concerning the realization of topological states in solid state structures and cold atom systems. Quantum computation is also presented using a broad perspective, which includes fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics, such as Bell's theorem, basic concepts in the theory of computation, such as computational models and computational complexity, examples of quantum algorithms, and elements of classical and quantum information theory.
Book Synopsis Physics In 2+1 Dimension - Proceedings Of The 2nd Winter School On Mathematical Physics by : Yongmin Cho
Download or read book Physics In 2+1 Dimension - Proceedings Of The 2nd Winter School On Mathematical Physics written by Yongmin Cho and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1992-07-23 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Journal of the Physical Society of Japan by :
Download or read book Journal of the Physical Society of Japan written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 1094 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Progress in Nanoscale and Low-Dimensional Materials and Devices by : Hilmi Ünlü
Download or read book Progress in Nanoscale and Low-Dimensional Materials and Devices written by Hilmi Ünlü and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-18 with total page 939 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes most recent progress in the properties, synthesis, characterization, modelling, and applications of nanomaterials and nanodevices. It begins with the review of the modelling of the structural, electronic and optical properties of low dimensional and nanoscale semiconductors, methodology of synthesis, and characterization of quantum dots and nanowires, with special attention towards Dirac materials, whose electrical conduction and sensing properties far exceed those of silicon-based materials, making them strong competitors. The contributed reviews presented in this book touch on broader issues associated with the environment, as well as energy production and storage, while highlighting important achievements in materials pertinent to the fields of biology and medicine, exhibiting an outstanding confluence of basic physical science with vital human endeavor. The subjects treated in this book are attractive to the broader readership of graduate and advanced undergraduate students in physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine, as well as in electrical, chemical, biological, and mechanical engineering. Seasoned researchers and experts from the semiconductor/device industry also greatly benefit from the book’s treatment of cutting-edge application studies.
Book Synopsis Curvilinear Micromagnetism by : Denys Makarov
Download or read book Curvilinear Micromagnetism written by Denys Makarov and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-02 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book providing overview of magnetism in curved geometries, highlighting numerous peculiarities emerging from geometrically curved magnetic objects such as curved wires, shells, as well as complex three-dimensional structures. Extending planar two-dimensional structures into the three-dimensional space has become a general trend in multiple disciplines across electronics, photonics, plasmonics and magnetics. This approach provides the means to modify conventional and even launch novel functionalities by tailoring the local curvature of an object. The book covers the theory of curvilinear micromagnetism as well as experimental studies of geometrically curved magnets including both fabrication and characterization. With its coverage of fundamental aspects, together with exploration of numerous applications across magnonics, bio-engineering, soft robotics and shapeable magnetoelectronics, this edited collection is ideal for all scientists in academia and industry seeking an overview and wishing to keep abreast of advances in the novel field of curvilinear micromagnetism. It provides easy but comprehensive access to the field for newcomers, and can be used for graduate-level courses on this subject.
Author :Michael I. Monastyrsky Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :3540312641 Total Pages :263 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (43 download)
Book Synopsis Topology in Condensed Matter by : Michael I. Monastyrsky
Download or read book Topology in Condensed Matter written by Michael I. Monastyrsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-04 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports new results in condensed matter physics for which topological methods and ideas are important. It considers, on the one hand, recently discovered systems such as carbon nanocrystals and, on the other hand, new topological methods used to describe more traditional systems such as the Fermi surfaces of normal metals, liquid crystals and quasicrystals. The authors of the book are renowned specialists in their fields and present the results of ongoing research, some of it obtained only very recently and not yet published in monograph form.
Book Synopsis Search for Topological Semimetal and Topological Superconductor Candidates by : Evdoxia Emmanouilidou
Download or read book Search for Topological Semimetal and Topological Superconductor Candidates written by Evdoxia Emmanouilidou and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discoveries of the two-dimensional quantum Hall effect, the quantum spin Hall effect, and three-dimensional topological insulators started a new era in solid-state physics. Topology soon became a word in most solid-state physicists' vocabulary. A topological phase of matter is characterized by a nonzero topological invariant, which is determined by the bulk electronic wavefunctions of a material. The conventional insulators and metals have a zero, or trivial, topological invariant, and their properties are not affected by the topology of their band structure. Topologically non-trivial materials, however, display a host of exotic phenomena in their transport and spectroscopic properties, and band topology has to be invoked to explain them. Band topology has even emerged as a classification principle of the states of matter, with the topological invariant characterizing the topological class of the materials. Soon after the discovery of topological insulators, topological semimetals were theoretically predicted and experimentally realized. These are gapless systems characterized by protected band crossings with linear energy dispersions resembling those of relativistic particles. The physical realization of these systems is important not only because of the opportunity to study novel quantum phases of matter and emergent phenomena which have led to the discoveries of surface Dirac cones, surface Fermi arcs, the chiral anomaly and colossal photovoltaic effects, but also because they hold promise for applications in quantum devices. Although it has recently been realized that topological materials are fairly ubiquitous in nature, signatures of their nontrivial topology are still not easily accessible due to the lack of ideal material realizations. For years this was the main obstacle in the study of nodal-line semimetals. For topological physics to be accessible, two things must occur. First, the nodes (line or point) must be very close to the Fermi level and second, there should be no other trivial bands at the Fermi level. The search for material realizations of ideal semimetals of each type is the subject of my dissertation. An ideal nodal-line semimetal predicted to satisfy both of these criteria is CaAgAs. We are the first group to synthesize single crystals of this material, and study their transport properties and band structure. We additionally studied CaCdGe, a compound with the same crystal structure and topological nodal line, but a much more complicated Fermi surface with trivial bands near the Fermi level. By comparing the transport properties of these two materials, our study provided evidence that the large magnetoresistance and the highly debated linear magnetoresistance seen in topological semimetals might simply be due to electron-hole compensation and charge fluctuations, respectively. Furthermore, a topological surface state was observed in our CaAgAs in our collaborative angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiment, unambiguously proving that this material was correctly dubbed the "hydrogen atom" of nodal-line semimetals. Experimental work provides key insights that lead to a revision of the theory and thus our understanding of the physics of a material. This is what our study on CuMnAs accomplished. CuMnAs was predicted to be an antiferromagnetic Dirac semimetal, with a topological protection that relied on a theoretically predicted magnetic structure. However, no such structure had ever been experimentally confirmed. In our study, we grew single crystals of CuMnAs, resolved this magnetic structure and showed that it was actually different from the theoretically predicted one. Although this led to the Dirac fermions no longer being protected, our collaborative first-principles calculations found that it leads to the emergence of spin-polarized surface states, a much sought after property for spintronics. Many of the topological semimetals that are currently being studied were first synthesized decades ago. However, in light of new predictions regarding the topology of their band structure, their properties are now being re-examined. Our studies of NbGe2, a chiral non-centrosymmetric superconductor first studied in the 1970s and recently predicted to host Kramers-Weyl fermions, reveal that it might be possible for this material to harbor a superconducting topological surface state.
Book Synopsis Exploring the Three-dimensional Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect and Topological Superconductivity in Topological Insulator Heterostructures by : Ruoxi Zhang
Download or read book Exploring the Three-dimensional Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect and Topological Superconductivity in Topological Insulator Heterostructures written by Ruoxi Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topological materials exhibit unique properties that make them robust against local defects and perturbations. These properties stem from the distinctive band structure compared to conventional materials, which are characterized by different topological invariants. In this thesis, we study two phenomena that arise in epitaxial topological insulator (TIs) films/heterostructures. The first phenomenon is the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect. The QAH effect requires no external magnetic field and possesses non-dissipative chiral edge states that are resistant to local disorders. The second phenomenon is the topological superconducting (TSC) states. The TSC state hosts quasiparticle excitations, including Majorana zero modes (MZMs) and chiral Majorana edge modes (CMEMs). These excitations have potential applications in fault-tolerant topological quantum computations. The first experimental observation of the QAH effect was realized in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown magnetically doped TI thin films, which offer the advantages of scalability and reproducibility. However, the introduction of magnetic dopants also leads to higher disorder density in TI thin films. To overcome this limitation, we employed MBE-grown magnetically doped TI/TI/magnetically doped TI sandwich heterostructures to separate the magnetic dopants from the TI bulk. By employing this method, we successfully realized high Chern number QAH states, Chern domain walls, and hundred-nanometer-thick QAH samples. These results reveal new phases of matter and the underlying physics of the QAH phase transition induced by interlayer coupling. The second half of the thesis describes our effort in the TSC state in QAH insulators and TIs with induced superconductivity. The first project in this effort focuses on the search for CMEMs, which are predicted to emerge in QAH/superconductor hybrid structures. We examined a prior transport experiment that claimed the realization of CMEMs by measuring the two-terminal resistance. We improved the experimental design by fabricating Josephson junction and tunneling junction devices based on Bi2Te3 and (Bi,Sb)2Te3, and obtained transport results that suggest the dominance of Dirac surface states in vortex generation in the junction area.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Unconventional Superconductivity by : V.P. Mineev
Download or read book Introduction to Unconventional Superconductivity written by V.P. Mineev and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-09-21 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unconventional superconductivity (or superconductivity with a nontrivial Cooper pairing) is believed to exist in many heavy-fermion materials as well as in high temperature superconductors, and is a subject of great theoretical and experimental interest. The remarkable progress achieved in this field has not been reflected in published monographs and textbooks, and there is a gap between current research and the standard education of solid state physicists in the theory of superconductivity. This book is intended to meet this information need and includes the authors' original results.
Book Synopsis The Universe in a Helium Droplet by : G. E. Volovik
Download or read book The Universe in a Helium Droplet written by G. E. Volovik and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2003-03-06 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text presents a general overview of analogies between phenomena in condensed matter physics and quantum field theory and elementary particle physics.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Topological Quantum Computation by : Jiannis K. Pachos
Download or read book Introduction to Topological Quantum Computation written by Jiannis K. Pachos and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-12 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combining physics, mathematics and computer science, topological quantum computation is a rapidly expanding research area focused on the exploration of quantum evolutions that are immune to errors. In this book, the author presents a variety of different topics developed together for the first time, forming an excellent introduction to topological quantum computation. The makings of anyonic systems, their properties and their computational power are presented in a pedagogical way. Relevant calculations are fully explained, and numerous worked examples and exercises support and aid understanding. Special emphasis is given to the motivation and physical intuition behind every mathematical concept. Demystifying difficult topics by using accessible language, this book has broad appeal and is ideal for graduate students and researchers from various disciplines who want to get into this new and exciting research field.
Book Synopsis Theory Of Superconductivity by : J. Robert Schrieffer
Download or read book Theory Of Superconductivity written by J. Robert Schrieffer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-03-05 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theory of Superconductivity is primarily intended to serve as a background for reading the literature in which detailed applications of the microscopic theory of superconductivity are made to specific problems.
Book Synopsis Topological Quantum Computation by : Zhenghan Wang
Download or read book Topological Quantum Computation written by Zhenghan Wang and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2010 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topological quantum computation is a computational paradigm based on topological phases of matter, which are governed by topological quantum field theories. In this approach, information is stored in the lowest energy states of many-anyon systems and processed by braiding non-abelian anyons. The computational answer is accessed by bringing anyons together and observing the result. Besides its theoretical esthetic appeal, the practical merit of the topological approach lies in its error-minimizing hypothetical hardware: topological phases of matter are fault-avoiding or deaf to most local noises, and unitary gates are implemented with exponential accuracy. Experimental realizations are pursued in systems such as fractional quantum Hall liquids and topological insulators. This book expands on the author's CBMS lectures on knots and topological quantum computing and is intended as a primer for mathematically inclined graduate students. With an emphasis on introducing basic notions and current research, this book gives the first coherent account of the field, covering a wide range of topics: Temperley-Lieb-Jones theory, the quantum circuit model, ribbon fusion category theory, topological quantum field theory, anyon theory, additive approximation of the Jones polynomial, anyonic quantum computing models, and mathematical models of topological phases of matter.
